Scribd
Upload
54 views6 pages

01 Laboratory Exercise 26-1

Uploaded by

Adrianne Comia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views6 pages

01 Laboratory Exercise 26-1

Uploaded by

Adrianne Comia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

LABORATORY EXERCISE

DIODES – FORWARD AND REVERSE BIAS


OBJECTIVES:

AT THE END OF THE EXERCISE, THE STUDENTS


SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
 USE MULTIMETERS WHEN MEASURING VOLTAGES
AND OBSERVE THE VOLT-AMPERE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIODE; AND
 APPLY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FORWARD AND
REVERSE BIAS TO DIODES.

MATERIALS:

 BREADBOARD
 SOLID COPPER WIRE INTENDED FOR BREADBOARD
 POWER SUPPLY OR 9V BATTERY WITH HOLDER
 1 PC. 5KΩ POTENTIOMETER
 2 PCS. 1KΩ RESISTORS, ¼ WATT
 1 PC. 1N4001
 1 PC. 1N4148
 1 PC. 1N60
 MULTIMETER (DIGITAL)
 WIRE CUTTER OR STRIPPER

BASIC PRINCIPLES:

DIODES HAVE POLARITY, WHICH IS DETERMINED BY


AN ANODE (POSITIVE LEAD) AND CATHODE
(NEGATIVE LEAD). MOST DIODES ALLOW CURRENT
TO FLOW ONLY WHEN POSITIVE VOLTAGE IS
APPLIED TO THE ANODE. WITH NO EXTERNALLY
APPLIED POTENTIAL, ELECTRONS FROM THE N-TYPE
MATERIAL WILL CROSS INTO THE P-TYPE REGION
AND FILL SOME OF THE VACANT HOLES. THIS
ACTION WILL RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF A
REGION AT EITHER SIDE OF THE JUNCTION IN
WHICH THERE ARE NO FREE CHARGE CARRIERS.

PROCEDURES:

A.SIMPLE DIODE BIASING

1. APPLY THE GIVEN CIRCUIT SCHEMATICS IN A


BREADBOARD AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS.

IS THE LED LIGHT


ILLUMINATING?
- YES
HOW COME?
- 9V SUPPLIES THE
POWER OF AN LED WITH
PROPER EXECUTION OF
POLARITY.
WHAT TYPE OF BIAS IS THE DIODE
IN THE FIGURE?
- FORWARD BIAS

2. HANGE THE POLARITY OF THE POWER SOURCE AND


ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

IS THE LED LIGHT ILLUMINATING?


- NO
HOW COME?
- BECAUSE OF THE CHANGING POLARITY, THE
SUPPLY OF 9V DID NOT COME THROUGHT TO
THE LED, WHICH RESULTED IN A REVERSED
BIAS.

WHAT TYPE OF BIAS IS THE DIODE IN THE FIGURE?


- REVERSED BIAS.

B.ANODE TO CATHODE VOLT-AMPERE


CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ORDINARY RECTIFIER
DIODE

1. SET THE
CIRCUIT (ON
THE RIGHT)
AND THE
VOLTAGE TO 5
V. CONNECT
THE GIVEN
CIRCUIT WITH
THE VOLTAGE
V INITIALLY
ADJUSTED TO
0 V.
2. SLOWLY ADJUST THE POTENTIOMETER TO SET
THE VOLTAGE V1 TO DIFFERENT LEVELS
SPECIFIED IN TABLE 1. MEASURE THE ANODE TO
CATHODE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT OF THE
DIODES FOR EACH SETTING. OBSERVE AND
RECORD THE RESULTS.

C.ANODE TO CATHODE VOLT-AMPERE


CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ORDINARY RECTIFIER
DIODE

1. SET THE CIRCUIT (ON THE RIGHT) AND THE


VOLTAGE TO 5 V. CONNECT THE GIVEN CIRCUIT
WITH THE VOLTAGE V INITIALLY ADJUSTED TO 0 V.
2. SLOWLY ADJUST THE POTENTIOMETER TO SET
THE VOLTAGE V1 TO DIFFERENT LEVELS
SPECIFIED IN TABLE 1. MEASURE THE ANODE
TO CATHODE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT OF THE
DIODES FOR EACH SETTING. OBSERVE AND
RECORD THE RESULTS.

(54 ITEMS X 1 POINT)

1N4001 1N4148 1N60


ANODE
ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE TO
TO TO TO TOs TO CATHO
VOLTAGE CATHODE CATHOD CATHOD CATHOD CATHOD DE
INPUT (𝑣) VOLTAGE ECURREN E E E CURRE
(𝑣𝐷) T (𝑖𝐷) VOLTAGE CURREN VOLTAGE NT (𝑖𝐷)
(𝑣𝐷) T (𝑖𝐷) (𝑣𝐷)
0.2𝑣 0.20 0.00 0.25 0 0.17 0.03
0.5𝑣 0.43 0.06 0.47 0.05 0.23 0.27
0.7𝑣 0.48 0.23 0.53 0.19 0.25 0.46
1.0𝑣 0.52 0.49 0.57 0.46 0.26 0.75
1.2𝑣 0.54 0.67 0.59 0.59 0.27 0.96
1.5𝑣 0.56 0.96 0.60 0.60 0.28 1.25
3.0𝑣 0.62 2.44 0.65 2.42 0.30 2.75
4.0𝑣 0.64 3.43 0.67 3.14 0.31 3.78
5.0𝑣 0.66 4.43 0.68 4.51 0.33 4.79

TABLE 1. FORWARD BIAS VOLTAGE


AND CURRENT FOR DIODES 1N4001,
1N4148, AND 1N60

3. REVERSE THE CONNECTION OF THE DIODE AND


SET THE VOLTAGE OUTPUT TO 9𝑣.
4. SET THE VOLTAGE TO DIFFERENT VOLTAGE
LEVELS BY SLOWLY ADJUSTING THE 5𝑘Ω
POTENTIOMETER.
5. MEASURE THE ANODE TO CATHODE VOLTAGE
AND CURRENT OF THE DIODE FOR EACH SETTING
AND RECORD YOUR RESULTS.

(54 ITEMS X 1 POINT)

1N4001 1N4148 1N60


ANODE
ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE ANODE TO
TO TO TO TO TO CATHO
VOLTAGE CATHODE CATHOD CATHOD CATHOD CATHOD DE
INPUT (𝑣) VOLTAGE ECURREN E E E CURRE
(𝑣𝐷) T (𝑖𝐷) VOLTAGE CURREN VOLTAGE NT (𝑖𝐷)
(𝑣𝐷) T (𝑖𝐷) (𝑣𝐷)
0.2𝑣 0.20 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.17 0.00
0.5𝑣 0.43 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.23 0.00
0.7𝑣 0.48 0.00 0.71 0.00 0.25 0.00
1.0𝑣 0.52 0.00 1.04 0.00 0.26 0.00
1.2𝑣 0.54 0.00 1.22 0.00 0.27 0.00
1.5𝑣 0.56 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.28 0.00
3.0𝑣 0.62 0.00 3.01 0.00 0.30 0.00
4.0𝑣 0.64 0.00 4.01 0.00 0.31 0.00
5.0𝑣 0.66 0.00 5.05 0.00 0.33 0.00

TABLE 2. REVERSE BIAS VOLTAGE AND CURRENT FOR


DIODES 1N4001, 1N4148, AND 1N60
6. AFTERWARD, PLOT THE VOLT-AMPERE
CHARACTERISTICS CURVE OF A DIODE USING THE
OBTAINED DATA FROM TABLE 1 AND TABLE 2.

OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSION:

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. WHAT HAVE YOU OBSERVED IN THE DIFFERENT
DIODES OF THE CIRCUIT SCHEMA?
- I OBSERVED THAT DIFFERENT DIODES IN
SCHEMA REGULATES THE VOLTAGE OUTPUT
THAT FLOWS THROUGH THE CIRCUIT.
BASED ON THE TABLE 1, DIFFERENT DIODES
RESULT IN A DIFFERENT VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT OUTPUT, BUT IT STILL AT THE
PEEK OF THE NORMAL FLOW.
2. WHAT DO YOU THINK HAS CAUSED THE DIODE
INTO FORWARD BIAS AND REVERSE BIAS?
- FORWARD BIAS HAPPENS WHEN THE FLOW
OF THE CURRENT GOES THROUGHT THE
ANODE OF THE DIODE AND OUT AT THE
CATHODE. OTHERWISE, IF THE FLOW OF
THE CURRENT MEETS THE CATHODE FIRST
OF THE DIODE, IT WILL GO REVERSE BIAS.

You might also like