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Lecture 6

The document discusses event-driven programming in JavaScript and HTML forms. It covers topics like form elements, JavaScript events associated with forms, and using windows and functions with buttons. Examples are provided to demonstrate various form features and techniques.

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51 views

Lecture 6

The document discusses event-driven programming in JavaScript and HTML forms. It covers topics like form elements, JavaScript events associated with forms, and using windows and functions with buttons. Examples are provided to demonstrate various form features and techniques.

Uploaded by

myturtle game01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CS 3520: Website Development

HTML Forms and JavaScript

Event-driven programs and HTML form elements


▪ event-driven programs
➢ ONLOAD, ONUNLOAD
▪ HTML forms & attributes
➢ button, text box, text area
➢ selection list, radio button, check box, password, hidden, …
▪ JavaScript form events
➢ properties: name, type, value, …
➢ methods: blur(), focus(), click(), …
➢ event handlers: onBlur(), onFocus(), onChange(), onClick(), …
▪ advanced features & techniques
➢ windows & frames, timeouts, cookies
Event-driven programs
in C++, programs are serially executed
▪ start with main function, execute sequentially from first statement
▪ may loop or skip sections of code, but the program proceeds step-by-step

the programmer specifies the sequence in which execution occurs (with some
variability due to input values)

there is a beginning and an end to program execution

computation within a Web page is rarely serial


instead, the page reacts to events such as mouse clicks, buttons, …
▪ much of JavaScript's utility is in specifying actions that are to occur in the page as a
result of some event

the programmer may have little or no control over when code will (if ever) be
executed, e.g., code that reacts to a button click

there is no set sequence, the page waits for events and reacts
OnLoad & OnUnload
<html>
<!-- form01.html -->
the simplest events are
<head>
<title>Hello/Goodbye page</title> when the page is loaded or
<script type="text/javascript">
unloaded
function Hello()
{
globalName=prompt("Welcome to my page. " +
▪ the ONLOAD attribute of the
"What is your name?","");
BODY tag specifies
} JavaScript code that is
automatically executed when
function Goodbye() the page is loaded
{
alert("So long, " + globalName + ▪ the ONUNLOAD attribute
}
" come back real soon."); similarly specifies JavaScript
</script>
code that is automatically
</head> executed when the browser
leaves the page
<body onLoad="Hello();" onUnload="Goodbye();">
Whatever text appears in the page.
</body>
</html>
view page in browser
HTML forms
most event-handling in JavaScript is associated with form elements
an HTML form is a collection of elements for handling input, output, and
events in a page
<form name="FormName">
…
</form>

form elements include:


for input: button, selection list, radio button, check box, password, …
for input/output: text box, text area, …

we will revisit forms when we consider CGI programming


▪ a form groups together elements, whose contents are submitted as one
Button element
the simplest form element is a button
▪ analogous to a real-world button, can click to trigger events

<input type="button" … />

attributes include: VALUE : specifies label that appears on the button


ONCLICK : specifies code to be executed when clicked

<html>
<!-- form02.html -->

<head>
<title> Fun with Buttons</title>
</head>

<body>
<form name="ButtonForm">
<input type="button" value="Click Me"
onClick="alert('Thanks, I needed that.');" />
</form>
</body>
view page in browser
</html>
Buttons & JavaScript
the ONCLICK event-handler can specify any JavaScript code
▪ can be a sequence of statements inside quotes, can call functions, …

<html>
<!-- form03.html -->

<head>
<title> Fun with Buttons</title>

<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://www.creighton.edu/~davereed/csc551/JavaScript/random.js">
</script>
</head>

<body>
<form name="ButtonForm">
<input type="button" value="Click for Lucky Number"
onClick="num = RandomInt(1, 100);
alert('The lucky number for the day is ' + num);" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

view page in browser


<html>
<!-- form04.html -->
Buttons &
<head>
<title> Fun with Buttons</title> functions
<script type="text/javascript">
function Greeting()
// Results: displays a time-sensitive greeting
{ for complex tasks,
var now = new Date(); should define function(s)
if (now.getHours() < 12) {
alert("Good morning"); and have the ONCLICK
} event trigger a function
else if (now.getHours() < 18) {
alert("Good afternoon"); call
}
else {
alert("Good evening");
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="ButtonForm">
<input type="button" value="Click for Greeting"
onClick="Greeting();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

view page in browser


Buttons & windows
alert boxes are fine for displaying short, infrequent messages
▪ not well-suited for displaying longer, formatted text
▪ not integrated into the page, requires the user to explicitly close the box

QUESTION: could we instead use document.write ?


NO -- would overwrite the current page, including form elements

but could open a new browser window and write there

var OutputWindow = window.open(); // open window and assign


// a name to that object
// (first arg is an HREF)
OutputWindow.document.open(); // open that window for
// writing
OutputWindow.document.write("WHATEVER"); // write text to that
// window as before
OutputWindow.document.close(); // close the window
<html>
<!-- form05.html --> Window
<head>
<title> Fun with Buttons </title>
example
<script type="text/javascript">
function Help()
// Results: displays a help message in a separate window
{
var OutputWindow = window.open();
OutputWindow.document.open();

OutputWindow.document.write("This might be a context-" +


"sensitive help message, depending on the " +
"application and state of the page.");

OutputWindow.document.close();
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<form name="ButtonForm">
<input type="button" value="Click for Help"
onClick="Help();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

view page in browser


<html>
<!-- form06.html --> Window
<head>
<title> Fun with Buttons </title>
example
<script type="text/javascript">
function Help() refined
// Results: displays a help message in a separate window
{
var OutputWindow =
window.open("", "",
"status=0,menubar=0,height=200,width=200");
OutputWindow.document.open();
can have
arguments to
OutputWindow.document.write("This might be a context-" + window.open
"sensitive help message, depending on the " +
"application and state of the page.");
1st arg specifies
OutputWindow.document.close();
} HREF
</script>
</head> 2nd arg specifies
internal name
<body>
<form name="ButtonForm"> 3rd arg specifies
<input type="button" value="Click for Help"
onClick="Help();" /> window
</form> properties (e.g.,
</body>
</html> size)
view page in browser
Text boxes
a text box allows for user input
▪ unlike prompt, user input persists on the page & can be edited
<input type="text" …>

attributes include: NAME : name by which its contents can be referred


SIZE : width of the box (number of characters)
VALUE : initial contents of the box
<html>
<!-- form07.html -->
<head>
<title> Fun with Text Boxes </title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="BoxForm">
Enter your name here:
<input type="text" name="userName" size=12 value="" />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Click Me"
onClick="alert('Thanks, ' + document.BoxForm.userName.value +
', I needed that.');" />
</form>
view page in
</body> browser
</html>
Read/write text boxes
can access text box contents as document.FormName.BoxName.value

similarly, can change the contents with an assignment


Note: the contents are raw text, no HTML formatting
Also: contents are accessed as a string, must parseFloat if want a number

<html>
<!-- form08.html -->

<head>
<title> Fun with Text Boxes </title>
</head>

<body>
<form name="BoxForm">
Enter a number here:
<input type="text" size=12 name="number" value=2 />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Double"
onClick="document.BoxForm.number.value=
parseFloat(document.BoxForm.number.value) * 2;" />
</form> view page
</body>
in browser
</html>
<html>
<!-- form09.html -->
Text box
<head>
events
<title> Fun with Text Boxes </title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function FahrToCelsius(tempInFahr)
// Assumes: tempInFahr is a number (degrees Fahrenheit)
ONCHANGE
// Returns: corresponding temperature in degrees Celsius triggered when
{ the contents of
return (5/9)*(tempInFahr - 32);
} the box are
</script> changed
</head>

<body>
<form name="BoxForm"> ONFOCUS
Temperature in Fahrenheit: triggered when
<input type="text" name="Fahr" size=10 value="0"
onChange="document.BoxForm.Celsius.value =
the mouse
FahrToCelsius(parseFloat(document.BoxForm.Fahr.value));" /> clicks in the
&nbsp; <tt>----></tt> &nbsp; box
<input type="text" name="Celsius" size=10 value=""
onFocus="blur();" />
in Celsius
</form> blur()
</body> removes focus
</html>
view page in browser
Text box validation
what if the user enters a non-number in the Fahrenheit box?

solution: have the text box validate its own contents


▪ start with legal value
▪ at ONCHANGE, verify that new value is legal (otherwise, reset)

▪ the verify.js library defines several functions for validating text boxes

function VerifyNum(textBox, resetValue)


// Assumes: textBox is a text box, resetValue is optional
// Results: alert if textBox does not contain a number, resets if provided
{
var boxValue = parseFloat(textBox.value);
if ( isNaN(boxValue) ) {
alert("You must enter a number value!");
if (resetValue != null) {
textBox.value = resetValue;
}
}
}
<html>
<!-- form10.html --> Validation
example
<head>
<title> Fun with Text Boxes </title>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~bhecker/CS-
3520/Examples/JavaScript/verify.js">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function FahrToCelsius(tempInFahr)
{
return (5/9)*(tempInFahr - 32);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="BoxForm">
Temperature in Fahrenheit:
<input type="text" name="Fahr" size=10 value=0
onChange="VerifyNum(this, 0); // this refers to current element
document.BoxForm.Celsius.value =
FahrToCelsius(parseFloat(this.value));" />
&nbsp; <tt>----></tt> &nbsp;
<input type="text" name="Celsius" size=10 value="" onFocus="blur();" />
in Celsius
</form>
</body>
</html>
view page in browser
Text areas
a TEXT box is limited to one line of input/output

a TEXTAREA is similar to a text box in functionality, but can specify any


number of rows and columns

<TEXTAREA NAME="TextAreaName" ROWS=NumRows COLS=NumCols WRAP="virtual">


Initial Text
</TEXTAREA>

▪ Note: unlike a text box, a TEXTAREA has closing tag


initial contents of the TEXTAREA appear between the tags

▪ WRAP="virtual" specifies that text in the box will wrap lines as needed

▪ as with a text box, no HTML formatting of TEXTAREA contents


<html>

Textarea
<!-- form11.html -->
<head>
<title> Fun with Textareas </title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function Table(low, high, power)
example
// Results: displays table of numbers between low & high, raised to power
{
var message = "i: i^" + power + "\n-------\n";
for (var i = low; i <= high; i++) {
message = message + i + ": " + Math.pow(i, power) + "\n";
}
document.AreaForm.Output.value = message;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="AreaForm">
<div style="text-align:center">
Show the numbers from
<input type="text" name="lowRange" size=4 value=1 /> to
<input type="text" name="highRange" size=4 value=10 />
raised to the power of <input type="text" name="power" size=3 value=2 />
<br /> <br />
<input type="button" value="Generate Table"
onClick="Table(parseFloat(document.AreaForm.lowRange.value),
parseFloat(document.AreaForm.highRange.value),
parseFloat(document.AreaForm.power.value));" />
<br /> <br />
<textarea name="Output" rows=20 cols=15 wrap="virtual"></textarea>
</div>
</form>
</body> view page in browser
</html>
<html>
<!-- form12.html -->
Textarea example
<head>
<title> Fun with Frames </title>
<script type="text/javascript"
refined
src="http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~bhecker/CS-
3520/Examples/JavaScript/verify.js">
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">
function Table(low, high, power) { /* AS BEFORE */ }
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="AreaForm">
<div style="text-align:center">
Show the numbers from
<input type="text" name="lowRange" size=4 value=1
onChange="VerifyInt(this, 1);" /> to
<input type="text" name="highRange" size=4 value=10
onChange="VerifyInt(this, 10);" /> raised to the power of
<input type="text" name="power" size=3 value=2
onChange="VerifyInt(this, 2);" />
<br /> <br />
<input type="button" value="Generate Table"
onClick="Table(parseFloat(document.AreaForm.lowRange.value),
parseFloat(document.AreaForm.highRange.value),
parseFloat(document.AreaForm.power.value));" />
<br /><br />
<textarea name="Output" rows=20 cols=15 wrap="virtual" onFocus="blur();">
</textarea>
</div>
</form>
</body> view page in browser
</html>
More examples
Hoops tournament
▪ text boxes in a table to form brackets
▪ users selects teams by clicking on text boxes, automatically filling in brackets

Letter sequence generator


▪ text boxes to input sequence length, number of sequences, letter choices
▪ button to initiate generation of sequences
▪ text area to display sequences

Substitution cipher
▪ text box to enter substitution key
▪ text areas for message & code, generates code at ONCHANGE event

Prisoner's Dilemma simulation


▪ select boxes for choosing strategies to compete
▪ text boxes for results of each round, scores
▪ buttons to play a single round, complete all rounds, reset

Random walk simulator


▪ text box to display position of walker, number of steps
▪ button to initiate a step
JavaScript & frames
alternatives for program output:
1. alert box : good for small messages
2. separate window : good for longer text, outside of page
3. text box / text area : integrated into page, but awkward & no formatting
4. frames : can easily write lots of output, integrated & fully formattable

<html>
<!-- frame13a.html -->

<head>
<title>Table of Squares</title>
</head> src="about:blank" loads
<frameset rows="20%,*"> a blank page into the frame
<frame name="Input" src="form13.html"> (ready to be written to)
<frame name="Output" src="about:blank">
</frameset>

</html>
Frame example
<html>
<!-- form13.html -->

<head>
<title> Fun with Frames</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function Help()
// Results: displays a help message in a separate frame
{
parent.Output.document.open();
parent.Output.document.write("This might be a context-" +
"sensitive help message, depending on the " +
"application and state of the page.");
parent.Output.document.close();
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<form name="ButtonForm">
<input type="button" value="Click for Help" onClick="Help();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

view page in browser


<html>
<!-- form14.html
<head>
-->
Better
<title>Fun with Frames</title>
<script type="text/javascript"> example
function Table(low, high, power)
{
parent.Output.document.open();
parent.Output.document.write("<table border=1><tr><th>i</th>" +
"<th>i<sup>2</sup></th></tr>");
for (var i = low; i <= high; i++) {
parent.Output.document.write("<tr><td align='right'>" + i + "</td>" +
"<td align='right'>" + Math.pow(i, power) + "</td></tr>");
}
parent.Output.document.write("</table>");
parent.Output.document.close();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="ButtonForm">
<div style="text-align:center">
Show the numbers from
<input type="text" name="lowRange" size=4 value=1 /> to
<input type="text" name="highRange" size=4 value=10 />
raised to the power of <input type="text" name="power" size=3 value=2 />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Generate Table"
onClick="Table(parseFloat(document.ButtonForm.lowRange.value),
parseFloat(document.ButtonForm.highRange.value),
parseFloat(document.ButtonForm.power.value));" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
view page in browser
</html>
JavaScript & timeouts
the setTimeout function can be used to execute code at a later time
setTimeout(JavaScriptCodeToBeExecuted, MillisecondsUntilExecution)

Example: forward link to a moved page


<html>
<!-- form15.html -->

<head>
<title> Fun with Timeouts </title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function Move()
// Results: sets the current page contents to be newhome.html
{
self.location.href = "newhome.html";
}
</script>
</head>

<body onLoad="setTimeout('Move()', 3000);">


This page has moved to <a href="newhome.html">newhome.html</a>.
</body> view page in
</html> browser
Another timeout example
<html>
<!-- form16.html -->

<head>
<title> Fun with Timeouts </title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function timeSince()
// Assumes: document.CountForm.countdown exists in the page
// Results: every second, recursively writes current countdown in the box
{
// CODE FOR DETERMINING NUMBER OF DAYS, HOURS, MINUTES, AND SECONDS
// UNTIL GRADUATION

document.CountForm.countdown.value=
days + " days, " + hours + " hours, " +
minutes + " minutes, and " + secs + " seconds";

setTimeout("timeSince();", 1000);
}
</script>

</head>

<body onLoad="timeSince();">
<form name="CountForm">
<div style="text-align:center">
Countdown to Graduation 2003 <br>
<input type="text" name="countdown" size=50 value="" onFocus="blur();" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html> view page in browser
Cookies & JavaScript

recall that cookies are data files stored on the client machine
▪ can be accessed and/or modified by the server
▪ can also be accessed and/or modified directly by JavaScript code in a page

potential applications:
▪ e-commerce: remember customer name, past visits/purchases, password, …
▪ tutorials: remember past experience, performance on quizzes, …
▪ games: remember high score, best times, …

each Web page can have its own cookie


▪ document.cookie is a string of attribute=value pairs, separated by ;

"userName=bhecker;score=100;expires=Mon, 21-Feb-01 00:00:01 GMT"


function getCookie(Attribute)
// Assumes: Attribute is a string
// Results: gets the value stored under the Attribute
{
cookie.js
if (document.cookie.indexOf(Attribute+"=") == -1) {
return "";
}
else {
var begin = document.cookie.indexOf(Attribute+"=") + Attribute.length+1;
var end = document.cookie.indexOf(";", begin);
if (end == -1) end = document.cookie.length;
return unescape(document.cookie.substring(begin, end));
}
}

function setCookie(Attribute, Value)


// Assumes: Attribute is a string
// Results: stores Value under the name Attribute, expires in 30 days
{
var ExpireDate = new Date();
ExpireDate.setTime(ExpireDate.getTime() + (30*24*3600*1000));
document.cookie = Attribute + "=" + escape(Value) +
"; expires=" + ExpireDate.toGMTString();
}

function delCookie(Attribute)
// Assumes: Attribute is a string
// Results: removes the cookie value under the name Attribute
{
var now = new Date();
document.cookie = Attribute + "=; expires=" + now.toGMTString();
}
<html>
<!-- form17.html
<head>
-->
Cookie
<title> Fun with Cookies </title>
<script type="text/javascript" example
src="http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~bhecker/CS-
3520/Examples/JavaScript/cookie.js">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function Greeting()
// Results: displays greeting using cookie
{
visitCount = getCookie("visits");
if (visitCount == "") {
alert("Welcome to my page, newbie.");
setCookie("visits", 1);
}
else {
visitCount = parseFloat(visitCount)+1;
alert("Welcome back for visit #" + visitCount);
setCookie("visits", visitCount);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body onLoad="Greeting();">
Here is the stuff in my page.
<form name="ClearForm" align="center">
<div style="text-align:center">
<input type="button" value="Clear Cookie" onClick="delCookie('visits');" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

view page in browser


End of Lecture

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