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Lecture I (MBBS 2nd)

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13 views12 pages

Lecture I (MBBS 2nd)

Uploaded by

mjalandhara009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DR.

DEEPAK KUMAR MAURYA


ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPTT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Dr. SSTMCHRC, SRIGANGANAGAR
Classification, Tabulation and
Frequency Distribution of Data
Data

Primary Data Secondary Data

Primary data:-
The data collected by investigator from personal
Experimental studies is called primary data.
Secondary Data:-
When the data obtained from secondary source such as
journals, magazine, news paper, etc, is know as
secondary data.
VARIABLES

Quantitative Qualitative (Attributes)

Discrete Continuous

Variable:-
Variable is a quantity which can vary from one
individual to another.

Ex. Height in inches/cm., weight in kg/pound, marks in


examination.
Quantitative variable
Quantitative variable is describes a characteristic in terms of a
numerical value, which are expressed in units of measurements.
Ex. Measurement of age, weight, length etc.
Continuous variable
Continuous variable is one which can take any numerical value
within a certain range.
Ex. Weight, height, blood sugar level, body mass index, serum cholesterol
level, hemoglobin level etc.

Weight of children(kg) 11.0,10.8,10.6


Height of girls(Meters) 1.5, 1.66,1.53
Discrete Variable
Discrete Variable is one which can take finite value within a
certain range.
Ex. No. of children in family, Pulse rate, Beds in hospital wards.
Qualitative Variable

Qualitative variable means which are unmeaserable and


unexpressible in terms of magnitude. It can be expressed in
qualities which are also called Attributes.

Ex. Blood group, wealth index, religion, beauty, honesty.


SCALES
Scales is a tool by which individuals are distinguished
that how they differ from one to another on the variable
of interest to our study.

There are mainly 3 types of scales present.


1. Nominal Scale
2. Ordinal Scale
3. Metric Scale
(i) Ratio
(ii) Interval
Nominal scale:-
Assessment of characteristics in terms of names only.
Ex. Blood group has a nominal scale since O, A, B, & AB are just names
with no order or no grading among them. Complaints such as Pain,
Vomiting, constipation.
Gender: Male, Female, Other. Residence: urban/rural.
Hair Color: Brown, Black, Blonde, Red, Other.
Type of living accommodation: House, Apartment, Trailer, Other.
Religious preference: Buddhist, Mormon, Muslim, Jewish, Christian, Other.
Ordinal Scale:-
A polytomous variable where the categories have defined order, such as
severity of disease into mild, moderate, serious & critical. Data has
been placed into categories i.e. very satisfied, satisfied & dissatisfied.
Ex. High school class ranking: 1st, 9th, 87th…
Socioeconomic status: poor, middle class, rich.
The Likert Scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree.
Level of Agreement: yes, maybe, no.
Time of Day: dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening, night.
Ratio Scale:-
Ratio scale have magnitude, equal intervals, and absolute
zero(zero point is meaningful).
Ex. Weight (50 kilos, 100 kilos, 150 kilos, etc.), Pulse rate, Age, Weight,
Height, Sales Figures, Income earned in a week, Years of education, Number
of children.

Interval Scale:-
Interval scales that have magnitude and equal intervals but not
absolute zero.

Ex. Intelligence (IQ test score of 100, 110, 120, etc.), Pain level (1-10 scale),
Body length in infant, Celsius Temperature, Time on a clock with hands.
Frequency:-
Number of times a variate values is repeated is called its frequency.
Ex.- Marks obtained by 15 students of a class

20,30,20,40,50,60,40,30,30,40,70,30,40,40,20

Solution:-
Marks No. of Student
20 3
30 4
40 5
50 1
60 1
70 1
Ex.- Marks obtained by 15 students of a class

3,9,7,12,19,15,17,21,29,25,21,39,22,48,58
Solution:-

Marks No. of Student


0-10 3
10-20 4
20-30 5
30-40 2
40-50 0
50-60 1

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