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THEORY OF EQUATIONS

OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

1. If the equation x 3 + 6x + 20 = 0 has one imaginary root 1+3i, then its real root is

m
1) 2 2) -2 3) 3 4) -3
If the sum of two roots of the equation x 3 − 3x 2 − 16x + k = 0 is zero, then value of

co
2.
k is 1) -48 2) 36 3) 48 4) 24

n.
3. If the product of two roots of x 3 − 5x 2 − kx + 24 = 0 is 12, then k =

io
1) 4 2) -4 3) 2 4) -2
4. If one root of x 3 − 5x 2 + kx − 4 = 0 is the reciprocal of another, then the value of k
is
at
uc
1) 5 2) 4 3) 3 4) 2
5. If two roots of x 3 + px 2 + qx + r = 0 are connected by the relation αβ + 1 = 0 , then
ed

the condition is
1) r 2 − pr + q + 1 = 0 2) r 2 + pr + q + 1 = 0
i
sh

3) p2 + pr + q + 1 = 0 4) q 2 + pr + q + 1 = 0
ak

6. If two of the roots of x 3 + qx + r = 0 are equal, the condition is

4) 4r + 27q = 0
2 3
1) 27r 2 + 4q3 = 0 2) 4r 2 − 27q3 = 0 3) 27r 2 + 4q3 = 0
.s

7. If one of the roots of 2x 3 + 6x 2 + 5x + k = 0 is equal to half the sum of the other

w

two, then k =
w

1)-1 2) 1 3) 2 4) -2
w

8. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 , then the equation whose roots are

β + γ, γ + α, α + β is

1) x 3 − 2px 2 + ( p 2 + q ) x + ( r − qp ) = 0 2) x 3 + 2px 2 + ( p 2 − q ) x + ( r + qp ) = 0

3) x 3 + 2px 2 + ( p 2 + q ) x + ( r + qp ) = 0 4) x 3 + 2px 2 − ( p 2 + q ) x − ( r + qp ) = 0

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9. If the product of the two roots of x 4 + px 3 + qx 2 + rx + s = 0 is equal to the

product of the other two, then

1) ps = r 2) p s = r
2 2 2

3) ps = r 4) p s = r
3 2 3

10. The condition that the equation x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 may have two roots equal in

m
magnitude but opposite in sign is

co
1) pq+r=0 2) pq-r=0 3) 2pq-r=0 4) 2pq-r=0
11. If the sum of two roots of x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 , then pq =

n.
1 1
2 2

io
1) r 2) r 3) r 4) r
1 1 1
at
12. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 , then + 2 2+ 2 2 =
αβ βγ
2 2
γα
uc
p 2 + 2q p 2 − 2q
2 2
1) r 2) r
ed

q 2 − 2p q 2 + 2p
2 2
3) r 4) r
i
sh

1 1 1
13. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − 2x 2 + 3x + 4 = 0 , then + 2 2+ 2 2 =
βγ
2 2
γα αβ
ak

1 1 −1 −1
1) 8 2) 4 3) 8 4) 4
.s

1 1 1
14. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 , then + 2+ 2 =
α β γ
2
w

q 2 + 2pr 2pr − q 2
w

1) r2 2) r2
w

q 2 − 2pr q 2 + 2pr
r2 4) −r
2
3)

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15. If the roots of x 3 − 9x 2 + 20x − 12 = 0 are in the ratio 1:3, then the roots are
1
1) 1, 2, 6 2) 2, 6, 3 3) 3, ,12 4) 1, 3, 5
3
16. The roots of x 3 − 9x 2 + x − 2 = 0 are

1) −2 ± 2i 2) 2, ±i 3) 1, ±2i 4) −1, ±2i

17. If, 1, α, β are the roots of x + 2x − 5x + 6 = 0 , then

3 2

m
1) α = 3, β = 2 2) α = −3, β = 2

co
3) α = −3, β = −2 4) α = 3, β = −2

n.
18. The equation whose roots are -1, 2+i is

1) x + 3x − x + 5 = 0 2) x − 3x + x − 5 = 0
3 2 3 2

io
3) x − 3x + x + 5 = 0 4) x + 3x + x + 5 = 0
3 2 3 2

19. The cubic equation having, the roots 2 + 3,1 is

at
uc
1) x + 5x + 5x + 1 = 0
3 2
ed

2) x − 5x + 5x − 1 = 0
3 2

3) x − 5x − 5x − 1 = 0
3 2
i
sh

4) x − 5x − 5x + 1 = 0
3 2

20. The roots of the equation x 3 + 3px 2 + 3qx + r = 0 are in A.P. then
ak

1) p − pq − r 2) 3p − 3pq = r
3 3
.s

3) 2p + r = 3pq 4) 2p − 3r = pq
3 3
w

21. If the roots of the equation ax + 3bx + 3cx + d = 0 are in A.P., then the condition
3 2
w

is
w

1) 2b − 3abc + a d = 0 2) 2b + 3abc + a d = 0
3 2 3 2

3) 2b + 3abc − a d = 0 4) 2b − 3abc − a d = 0
3 2 3 2

22. If the roots of the equation x 3 − 7x 2 + 14x − 8 = 0 are in G.P., then the roots are
1) 2, 4, 8 2) 1,1/2,1/4 3) 1,2,4 4) 3,5,4

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23. If the roots of the equation 8x 3 − 14x 2 + 7x − 1 = 0 are in G.P., then the roots are
1 1 1 1 1 1
1) 1, , 2) 1, , 3) , ,1 4) 1,2,4
3 9 2 3 2 4
24. If the roots of x 3 + x 2 + kx + 8 = 0 are in G.P., the value of k is
1) 2 2) -2 3) 1 4) -1
25. The roots of the equation x 3 + 3px 2 + 3qx + r = 0 are in G.P. Then

m
1) rp2 = q 2) r 2 p = q 2 3) rp3 = q 4) rp3 = q3

co
26. If the roots of the equation x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 are in H.P., then the value of the
mean root is

n.
3q 3r 3p 3q
1) 2) 3) 4)

io
r q q p

27. If the roots of x 3 + px 2 + qx + r = 0 are in H.P., then

1) 2q3 + 27r 2 = 9pqr
at
2) 2q 2 + 27r = 9pq
uc
3) 2q 2 − 27r 2 = 9rqr 4) 2q 2 − 27r = 9pq
ed

28. The roots of the equation x 3 − 3ax 2 + 3bx − c = 0 are in H.P. then the mean root is
a b c c
i
sh

1) b 2) c 3) a 4) b
29. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − x 2 + 8x − 6 = 0 , then α 2 , β2 , γ 2 are the roots of the
ak

equation

1) x − 15x + 52x − 30 = 0 2) x − 5x + 52x − 30 = 0

3 2 3 2
.s

3) x − 15x − 52x − 36 = 0
3 2
4) x 3 + 15x 2 + 52x − 36 = 0
w

30. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − 2x 2 + 5x − 3 = 0 , then the equation whose roots are
w

1 1 1
βγ + , γα + αβ + is
w

α β γ

2) 3x − 20x + 32x − 64 = 0
3 2
1) 3x 3 + 20x 2 + 32x + 64 = 0

3) 3x + 20x + 32x − 64 = 0 4) 3x − 20x − 32x + 64 = 0

3 2 3 2

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31. If α, β, γ are the roots of the equation x 3 + qx + r = 0 , the equation whose roots
β+ γ γ +α α+β
are , 2 , 2 is
α2 β γ

1) rx 3 + qx 2 − 1 = 0 2) rx 3 − qx 2 − 1 = 0
3) rx 3 + qx 2 − 1 = 0 4) rx 3 + qx 2 + 1 = 0
32. If f ( x ) ≡ 5x 3 − 13x 2 − 12x + 7 = 0 , then f ( x ) expressed in power series of (x-2) is

m
1) 5x + 17x + 4x + 29 = 0 2) 5x + 17x − 4x − 29 = 0
3 2 3 2

co
3) 5x − 17x − 4x + 29 = 0 4) 5x − 17x + 4x − 29 = 0
3 2 3 2

n.
33. The equation whose roots are the roots of x 4 − 5x 3 + 7x 2 − 17x + 11 = 0 each

io
diminished by 4 is

1) x − 11x + 43x + 55x + 9 = 0 2) x + 11x − 43x + 55x + 9 = 0

4 3 2 4 3 2

3) x + 11x + 43x + 55x − 9 = 0

4 3 2
at
4) x − 11x − 43x − 55x + 9 = 0
4 3 2
uc
34. The equation whose roots are k times the roots of 3x 4 − 5 x 3 + 7 x 2 − x + 7 = 0 is
ed

2 6 18
an equation with integral coefficients. Then k =
i

1) 2 2) 3 3) 5 4) 6
sh

35. If -4,-1,-1 are the roots of x 3 + 6x 2 + 9x + 4 = 0 , then the roots of the equation
ak

3 2
 2  2  2
 x −  + 6  x −  + 9  x −  + 4 = 0 are
 3  3  3
.s

14 5 5 10 1 1
1) − ,− , 2) − ,− ,−
3 3 3 3 3 3
w

14 5 5 14 5 5
3) , , 4) − , ,
w

3 3 3 3 3 3
w

36. The equation whose roots are less by 2 than the roots of 2x 2 + 4x − 5 = 0 is

1) x + 2x − 3 = 0 2) 4x − 8x − 10 = 0
2 2

3) 2x + 12x + 11 = 0 4) x − 2x − 3 = 0
2 2

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3
37. If ,1, 2 are the roots of 2x 3 − 9x 2 + 13x − 6 = 0 , then the roots of the equation
2
6x 3 − 13x 2 + 9x − 2 = 0 are
2 1 1 1
1) ,1, 2) ,1,
3 2 3 2
3 2 1
3) ,1, 2 4) − , −1, −

m
2 3 2
38. The second term of the equation 2x 3 + 6x 2 − x + 1 = 0 can be removed by

co
diminishing its roots by
1) 2 2) -2 3) 1 4) -1

n.
39. By removing the second term in the equation x 3 − 3x 2 + 12x + 16 = 0 the

io
transformed equation is

1) y + 9y + 26 = 0
3
2) y − 9y + 26 = 0
3
at
uc
3) y + 9y − 26 = 0 4) y − 9y − 26 = 0
3 3

40. If f ( x ) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 4 = 0 has a repeated root, then that root is

ed

1) 2 2) -2 3) 1 4) -1
i

41. The multiple root of x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 = 0 is

sh

1) 1 2) -1 3) -2 4) 2
ak

42. If the equation x 3 − 3qx + 2r = 0 has two equal roots, then

1) q = r 2) q = r 3) q = r 4) q = r
2 3 3 3 3 2
.s

1
43. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 + 4x 2 + 5x + 2 = 0 , then ∑α β =
w

2 2
w

3 2 3 4
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 3
w

44. If α, β, γ are the roots of ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 , then the value of ∑α β

2 2
=

c2 + 2bd 2bd − c 2 c2 − 2bd c2 + bd

1) 2) 3) 4)
a2 a2 a2 a2

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45. If α, β, γ are the roots of x 3 − 9x 2 + 26x − 24 = 0 , then the value of Σ ( α + 3)( β + 3)

is
1) 107 2) 108 3) 128 4) 182
46. The roots of x 3 − 21x 2 + 126x − 216 = 0 are in ------
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) A.G.P 4) H.P.
47. The number of real roots of equation ( x + 1 / x ) + ( x + 1 / x ) = 0 is

m
3

co
1) 2 2) 3 3) 6 4) 0
48. If α is an imaginary root of x 5 − 1 = 0 , then the equation whose roots are α + α 4

n.
and α 2 + α3 is

1) x − x − 1 = 0 2) x + x − 1 = 0

io
2 2

3) x − x + 1 = 0 4) x + x + 1 = 0
2 2
at
uc
i ed
sh
ak
.s
w
w
w

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THEORY OF EQUATIONS
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
1. Ans (2)
Given 1+3i is one root ⇒ 1-3i will also be a root.
Sum of the two roots = 1+3i+1-3i=2

m
s1 = sum of all the roots = 0.

co
∴ The third root = 0-2 = -2

2. Ans.(3)

n.
Let the roots be α, −α, β ⇒ s1 = α + β = ( )
− −3 = 3 ⇒ β = 3

io
33 − 3 ( 3) − 16 ( 3 ) + k = 0 ⇒ k = 48
2

Since 3 is a root of the given equation,

3. Ans (3) at
uc
Let α, β, γ be the roots so that αβ = 12. s3 = αβγ = −24 ⇒ 12γ = −24 ⇒ γ = −2
⇒ 2k = −24 + 28 = 4 ∴ k = 2
ed

4. Ans.(1)
i

1
α, ,β
sh

Let the roots be α

s3 = α   β = − ( −4 ) = 4 ⇒ β = 4 . But β is a root of the G.E.

1
ak

α

64-5(16)+4k-4=0 ⇒ 4k = 20 ⇒ k = 5
.s

5. Ans.(2)
w

Let the roots be α, β, γ . Then αβγ = −r . Given αβ = −1 .

w

⇒ ( −1) γ = −r ⇒ γ = r
. But γ is a root of G.E.
w

r 3 + pr 2 + qr + r = 0 ⇒ r 2 + pq + q + 1 = 0 is the condition.

6. Ans (1)
Let the roots be α, α, β . Then α + α + β = 0 ⇒ β = −2α

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r
α.α.β = − r ⇒ α 2β = − r ⇒ 2α 3 = − r ⇒ α3 = But α is root of G.E.
2
r
⇒ α3qα + r = 0 ⇒ + qa + r = 0
2
27r 3  r  27r
3
3r
⇒ qα = ⇒ q 3α 3 = − ⇒ q3   = ⇒ 4q 3r + 27r 3 = 0
2 8  
2 8
∴ Required condition is 4q 3 + 27r 2 = 0

m
7. Ans (2)

co
Given one root is equal to half the sum of the other two. ⇒ The roots are in A.P.

n.
Let the roots be a – c, a + d
6
s1 = a − d + a + a + d = − = 3 ⇒ 3a = −3∴ a = −1 (-1) is a root of f(x) = 0.

io
2
⇒ f ( −1) = 0

2 ( −1) 3 + 6 ( −1) 2 + 5 ( −1) + k = 0 ⇒ k = 1

at
uc
8. Ans (1)
ed

Given Σα = p, Σαβ = q αβγ = r

Let y = β + γ = α + β + γ − α = p − α = p − x (
∴α = x ) ⇒ x = p − y)
i
sh

(p − y) − p (p − y) + q ( p − y) − r = 0
3 2

Required equation is
ak

3 2
( 2
)
⇒ p3 − y3 − 3p 2 y + 3py 2 − p3 − py 2 + 2p 2 y + pq − qy − r = 0 ⇒ y − 2py + p + q y + ( r − pq ) = 0

⇒ x 3 − 2px 2 + ( p 2 + q ) x + ( r − pq ) = 0
.s
w

9. Ans (2)
w

Given Σ α = −p, Σαβ = q, Σ αβγ = −r, αβγδ = s .

αβ ( αβ ) = s ⇒ α 2β2 = s
w

Also given αβ = γδ . Now .

αβγ + αβδ + αγδ + βγδ = −r

αβ ( γ + δ ) + γδ ( α + β ) = −r ⇒ αβ ( α + β + γ + δ ) = − r (∴γδ = αβ )

⇒ αβ ( −p ) = −r ⇒ α 2β2 p 2 = r 2 ⇒ sp 2 = r 2
.

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10. Ans (2)

Let the roots be α, −α, β
s1 = α − α + β = − ( −p ) = p ⇒ β = p ⇒ x = p

But β is a root of G.E. ⇒ p3 − p.p 2 + qp − r = 0 ⇒ pq − r = 0

11. Ans (3) Let the roots be α, −αβ ⇒ S1 = α − α + β = p ⇒ β = p

m
But β is a root of the given equation

β3 − pβ2 + qβ − r = 0 ⇒ p3 − p ( p 2 ) + qp − r = 0 ⇒ pq − r = 0 ⇒ pq = r

co
.
12. Ans (2)

n.
Given α + β + γ = p, αβ + βγ + γα = q, αβγ = −r

io
γ 2 + α 2 + β2 ( α + β + γ ) − 2 ( αβ + βγ + γα )
2
p 2 − 2q
G.E. = =
α 2β 2 γ 2 ( αβγ )
2
=
r2at
uc
13. Ans (3)

Given α + β + γ = 2, αβ + βγ + γα = 3.αβγ = 4
ed

1 1 1 α 2 + β2 + γ 2
+ + =
β2 γ 2 γ 2α 2 α 2β2 α 2β 2 γ 2
i
sh

(α + β + γ) − 2 ( αβ + βγ + γα ) 4 − 2 ( 3)
2
2 1
= = =− =−
( αβγ )
2
16 16 8
ak

1 1 1 β 2 γ 2 + γ 2 α 2 + α 2β 2
14. Ans (3) α + β + γ = p, αβ + βγ + γαq, αβγ = r 2 + 2 + 2 =
α β γ α 2β2 γ 2
.s

( βγ + γα + αβ ) − 2αβγ ( α + β + γ ) = q 2 − 2rp
2
w

( αβγ )
2
r2
w

15. Ans (1)

w

Let the roots be α, 3α, β .

α + 3α + β = 0 ....(1)
β = 9 − 4α , From (2) : 3α 2 ( 9 − 4α ) = 12

α.3α.β = 12 ....(2)

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9α 2 − 4α3 = 4 ⇒ 4α3 − 9α 2 4 = 0 .

By inspection : α = 2
∴β = 9 −8 =1
Hence, the roots are 2,6,1 ⇒ 1,2,6
16. Ans (2)

m
By inspection x = 2 is a root of the equation.
∴( x − 2)
is a factor of x − 2x + x − 2
3 2

co
∴ x 3 − 2x 2 + x 2 − 2 = ( x − 2 ) ( x 2 + 1) = 0

n.
⇒ x = 2, x = ±i

io
17. Ans(4)
1+ α + β = 2 .

⇒ α + β = 1 and αβ = −6 ⇒ α (1 − α ) = −6
at
uc
α 2 − α − 6 = 0 ⇒ ( α − 3)( α + 2 ) = 0, α = 3, −2
ed

β = −2,3 ∴ α = 3, β = −2
i

18. Ans (3)

sh

Given -1, 2+i are the roots of a given equation.

⇒ 2 − i is also a root of the given equation.
ak

∴ Required equation is (x+1) (x-2-i) (x-2+i) = 0

.s

⇒ ( x + 1) ( x − 2 ) + 1 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 1) ( x 2 − 4x + 5 ) = 0
2
 
w

⇒ x 3 − 3x 2 + x + 5 = 0
w

19. Ans (2)

w

Irrational roots occur in pairs ⇒ 2 − 3 is also a root. The cubic equation is

( x − 2 − 3 )( x − 2 + 3 ) ( x − 1) = 0
⇒ ( x − 2 ) − 3)  ( x − 1) = 0 ⇒ ( x 2 − 4x + 1) ( x − 1) = 0
2
 

⇒ x 3 − 5x 2 + 5x − 1 = 0

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20. Ans(3)
Let the roots be a – d,a, a+d.
a − d + a + a + d = −3p ⇒ 3a = −3p ⇒ a = −p

But a = −p + 3p ( − p 2 ) + 3q ( −p ) + r = 0

⇒ − p3 + 3p3 − 3pq + r = 0

m
⇒ 2p3 + r = 3pq is the required condition.

co
21. Ans (1)
Given equation is

n.
3b 2 3c d
x3 + x + x + = 0 ..........(1)
a a a

io
Let the roots be α − β, α and α + β .

s1α − β + α + α + β =
3b 3b b at
⇒ 3α = − ⇒ α = − Since α is a root of (1), we have
uc
a a a

b3 3b  b 2  3a  b  d
− +  + − + = 0
ed

a3 a  a2  a  a  a

2b3 3bc d
− 2 + = 0 ⇒ 2b − 3abc + a d = 0 is the condition.
3 2
⇒
i

3
a a a
sh

22. Ans(3)
ak

a
, a, ar
Let the roots be r
.s

a 1 
( a )( ar ) = − ( −8) = 8 ⇒ a 3 = 8 ⇒ a = 2 s1 = r + a + ar = − ( −7 ) = 7 ⇒ 2  r + 1 + r  = 7
a
s3 =
r  
w

⇒ 2r 2 − 5r + 2 = 0 ⇒ ( 2r − 1)( r − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ r = 2 or 1/ 2
w

∴ The roots are 1,2,4.

w

23. Ans(3)
a
14 7 1 , a, ar
Given x − x 2 + x − = 0
3
........(1)let Let the roots of (1) be r
8 8 8
a  1
s3 = .a.ar = a 3 = −  −  ⇒ a 3 = 1 ⇒ a = 1
r  8 8 2

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a  14  14 1 1  7
s1 = + a + ar = −  −  = ⇒  +1+ r  =
r  8 8 2r  4

⇒ 2 ( r 2 + r + 1) = 7r ⇒ 2r 2 − 5r + 2 = 0

1
⇒ ( 2r − 1)( r − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ r = 2 or 2
.
1 1

m
, ,1.
∴ The roots be 4 2

co
24. Ans (1)
a
a.ar = −8 ⇒ a 3 = −8 ⇒ a = −2

n.
r
But ‘a’ is a root of the given equation.

io
∴ −8 + 4 − k ( 2 ) + 8 = 0 ⇒ 2k = 4 ⇒ k = 2

25. Ans (4) Let the roots be

a
, a, ar
at
uc
r

⇒ s3 = a 3 = −r ⇒ a = ( − r )
1/ 3
ed

But ‘a’ is a root ⇒ a 3 + 3pa 2 + 3qa + r = 0

i

⇒ − r + 3pr 2 / 3 + 3q ( − r ) +r =0
1/ 3
sh

⇒ qr1/ 3 ⇒ pr1/ 3 = q ⇒ p3r = q 3 ⇒ pr 2/ 3 = qr1/ 3 ⇒ pr1/ 3 = q ⇒ p3r = q 3

ak

26. Ans (2)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=r⇒ =r
.s

Let the roots be , , . .

a −d a a +d a −d a a +d (a − d ) a (a + d )
w

1 1 1
+ + =q
( a − d ) a ( a − d )( a + d ) a ( a + d )
w

a +d+a +a −d q
= q ⇒ 3a ( r ) = q ⇒ a =
w

⇒
(a − d ) a (a + d ) 3r

1 3r
=
∴ Mean root is a q

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27. Ans (1)

1 1 1
, ,
Let a − d a a + d be the roots
1 1 1 1
s3 = = −r, s 2 = + + =q
(a − d) a (a + d) ( a − d ) a ( a − d )( a + d ) a ( a + d )
a +d+a +a −d
⇒ = q ⇒ 3a ( −r ) = q ⇒ 1 = 3r
(a − d) a (a + d)

m
a q

co
1
1 1
But a is a root ⇒ 2 + q. + r = 0
a a

n.
−27r 3 9r 2  3r 
⇒ p. 2 + q.  −  + r = 0

io
3
q q  q
⇒ −27r 3 + 9pqr 2 − 3q 3r + rq 3 = 0

⇒ −27r 3 + 9pqr 2 − 3q 3r + rq 3 = 0
at
uc
⇒ −27r 2 + 9pqr − 2q 3 = 0 ⇒ 2q 3 + 27r 2 = 9pqr
ed

28. Ans (4)

Put x = 1/y in G.E. Then cy3 − 3by2 + 3ay − 1 = 0 .........(1)
i
sh

The roots of (2) are in A.P. let α − β, α, α + β be the roots of (1)

3b 3b 3b b
s1 = α − β + α + β = ⇒ 3α = ⇒ 3α = ⇒α=
ak

c c c c
b c
.s

The mean root of (1) c . ∴ The mean root of G.E. is b .

w

29. Ans(4)

Given α + β + γ = 1, αβ + βγ + γα = 8αβγ = 6
w

Required equation is x 3 − x 2 ( α 2 + β2 + γ 2 ) + x ( α 2β2 + γ 2 α 2 + β2 γ 2 ) − α 2β2 γ 2 = 0 =

w

x 3 − x 2 ( α + β + γ ) − 2Σαβ  + x ( Σαβ ) − 2αβγΣα  − ( αβγ ) = 0

2 2 2
   

⇒ x 3 − x 2 (1 − 16 ) + x ( 64 − 12.1) − 36 = 0 ⇒ x + 15x + 52x − 36 = 0

3 2

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30. Ans. (2)

Given Σα = 2, Σαβ = 5, αβγ = 3

1 αβγ + 1 3 + 1 4 4 4
Let y = βγ + = = = = (∵a = x ) ⇒ x =
α α α α x y
64 16 20
Required equation is 3
−2 2 + −3 = 0
y y y

m
⇒ 64 − 32 + 20y 2 − 3y 2 = 0

co
⇒ 3y3 − 20y 2 + 32y − 64 = 0 or 3x 3 − 20x 2 − 64 = 0 .

31. Ans (2)

n.
Given Σα = 0, Σαβ = q, αβγ = −r

io
β+ γ α +β+ γ 0−α α
Let y = = = 2 = 2
α2 α2 α α

=−
1 1
=− ⇒x=−
1
at
uc
α x y

1  1
+ q− + r = 0
ed

Putting this value in G.E., we have: 3

y  y
⇒ ry3 − qy 2 − 1 = 0 or rx 3 − qx 2 − 1 = 0
i
sh

32. Ans (2)

Given f ( x ) = 5x 3 − 13x 2 − 12x + 7 = 0
ak

f ( x − 2) = 0 ⇒
We have to diminish the roots by 2 Diminishing the roots of (1) by
.s

2 5 −13 −12 7
w

10 − 6 − 36
w

5 −3 − 18 − 29
10 14
w

5 −7 −4
10
5 17
(2), we get
The transformed equation is 5x 3 + 17x 2 − 4x − 29 = 0

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33. Ans (3)

4 1 − 5 −7 − 17 11
4 -4 12 -20

1 -1 3 -5 -9
4 12 60
1 3 15 55
4 28

m
1 7 43
1 4
1 11

co
The transformed equation is x 4 + 11x 3 + 43x 2 + 55x − 9 = 0

n.
34. Ans (6)
5 7 2 1 7

io
G.E is x 4 − x 3 + x − x+ =0
6 18 3 54

x4 −
5 3
1 1
32
7 1 7
x + 1 1 x2 − 1 0 x + 3 1 = 0
32 32 32
at
uc
........(1)
Multiplying the roots of (1) by
ed

2.3 = 6, we remove the fractional coefficients.

∴k = 6
i
sh

35. Ans (2) Diminishing the roots of the given equation by -2/3 we get the second
ak

2 2 2
equation. The roots of the second equation are : +4 + , −1 + , −1 +
3 3 3
−10 −1 −1
.s

⇒ , ,
3 3 3
w

36. Ans (2)

w

Diminish the roots of G.E. by 2, we have:

w

2 2 4 -5
4 16
2 8 11
4
2 12

Transformed equation is 2x 2 + 12x + 11 = 0 .

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37. Ans (1)

G.E. is 2x 3 − 9x 2 + 13x − 6 = 0 . Put 1/x in the place of x.
2 9 13
− 2 + − 6 = 0 ⇒ 6x − 13x + 9x − 2 = 0 is the reciprocal equation of G.E. whose
3 2
3
x x x
roots are 3/2,1,2.
Hence, the roots of transformed equation 2/3, 1, 1 /2.

m
38. Ans (4)

co
G.E. is 2x 3 + 6x 2 − x + 1 = 0 where a o = 2, a1 = 6,a 2 = −1, a 3 = 1
−a1 6
=− = −1

n.
To remove the second term, diminish the roots by h =
na 0 3( 2)

io
39. Ans (1)
− ( −3 )
Here a 0 = 1a1 = −3, h =
a1
na 0
=−
3 (1)
=1 at
uc
Diminishing the roots by 1 to remove the second term.
ed

1 1 -3 12 16
1 -2 10
1 -2 10
i
sh

1 -1
1 -1 9
1 -1
ak

1 -1 9
1
.s

1 0
w

The transformed equation is y3 + 9y + 26 = 0

w

40. Ans (1)

f ( x ) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 4
w

Given
f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 6x = 3x ( x − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, 0

f ( 2 ) = 8 − 12 + 4 = 0 f (0) ≠ 0
. But
∴ 2 is a repeated root .

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41. Ans (1)

Let f ( x ) = x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 ⇒ f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 2x − 1

f ( x ) = 0 ⇒ 3x 2 − 2x − 1 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 1)( 3x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, −1/ 3

But f(1) = 0 and f ( −1/ 3) ≠ 0 . ∴1 is repeated root.

42. Ans (4)

m
Let the roots be α, α, β .

co
Then α + α + β = 0 α.α.β = −2r
β = −2α, α 2 ( −2α ) = −2r ⇒ α 3 = r

n.
io
43. Ans (1)
α + β + γ = −4, αβ + βγ + γα = 5, αβγ = −2

γ 2 + α 2 + β2
at
uc
1 1 1 1
Σ = + + =
α 2β2 α 2β2 β2 γ 2 γ 2α 2 α 2β 2 γ 2
ed

(α + β + γ) − 2 ( αβ + βγ + γα ) 16 − 2 ( 5 )
2
6 3
= = = =
( αβγ ) ( −2 )
2 2
4 2
i
sh

44. Ans (3)

b c d
G.E. is x 3 + x 2 + x + = 0 ......(1)
ak

a a a
b c d
Σ α = − Σαβ = , αβγ = −
.s

a a a

Σ α 2β2 = α 2β2 + β2 γ 2 + γ 2α 2 = ( αβ + βγ + γα ) − 2αβγ ( α + β + γ )

2
w

 d  b  c − 2bd
w

c2 2
= = −2  −  −  =
a2  a  a  a2
w

45. Ans (1)

Let y = α + 3 = x + 3 ⇒ x = y − 3 . The transformed equation is

∴( y − 3) − 9 ( y − 3) + 26 ( y − 3) − 24 = 0
3 2

⇒ y3 + 27 − 9y 2 + 27y − 9y 2 − 81 + 54y + 26y − 78 − 24 = 0

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⇒ y3 − 18y 2 + 107y − 210 = 0 Whose roots are α + 3, β + 3, γ + 3

s 2 = Σ ( α + 3)( β + 3) = 107

46. Ans (2)

x 3 − 21x 2 + 126x − 216
= ( x 3 − 216 ) − 21x [ x − 6] = 0

m
⇒ ( x − 6 ) ( x 2 + 6x + 36 − 21x ) = 0

co
⇒ ( x − 6 ) ( x 2 − 15x + 36 ) = 0

⇒ ( x − 6 )( x − 3)( x − 12 ) = 0

n.
⇒ x = 3, 6,12

io
These roots are in G.P.
at
uc
47. Ans (4)
3
 1  1
Given eq. is  x +  +  x +  = 0
ed

 x  x

1   
2 2
 1  1 1
⇒  x +   x +  + 1 = 0 ⇒  x +  + 1 = 0 ⇒ x + = 0 ( or ) x 2 + 1 = 0 (Or)
i
sh

 x   x   x x
2
 1
ak

 x +  +1 = 0
 x
.s

There are no real roots.

48. Ans (2)
w
w
w

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