Membranes: Which of The Following Best Describes The Numbered Areas?

AP Biology Test Booklet
Membranes
Name : reem ahmed
1.
Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?
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Membranes
A Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules.
B Area 2 is polar, since water has been excluded from this area of the membrane.
C Areas 1 and 3 are hydrophilic, since membrane molecules formed covalent bonds with water.
D Area 2 is nonpolar, since hydrogen bonds between the adjacent lipids hold the membrane together.
2. The model below shows the structure of a portion of a plasma membrane in an animal cell.
Which statement best explains the orientation of the phospholipid molecules in this model?
The nonpolar portions of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the internal and external
environments.
The hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the
aqueousinternal and external environments.
The embedded proteins attract the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids, so the tails point away
fromthe internal and external aqueous environments.
The fatty acid tails of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic and are repelled by the
internaland external aqueous environments.
Membranes
3. A model of the plasma membrane showing several biological molecules, including a
transmembrane protein, is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Phospholipid bilayer with transmembrane protein

Which statement best explains why correct protein folding is critical in the transmembrane protein
shown above?
Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids help to anchor the protein in the
A
membrane.
Interactions of the peptide bonds of the protein with the membrane will affect the rate at which
B
substances can cross the membrane.
C Interactions of the protein and phospholipids increase membrane fluidity.
Interactions of the quaternary structure of the protein will increase hydrogen bonding in the
D
membrane and make the membrane less fluid.
Membranes
Membranes
Estrogens are small hydrophobic lipid hormones that promote cell division and the development of
reproductive structures in mammals. Estrogens passively diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind
to their receptor proteins in the cytoplasm of target cells.
4. a) Describe ONE characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows estrogens to passively cross
the membrane.
Plasma membranes consist of a Phospholipid bilayer in the central region made of
hydrophobic tails. Because these hydrophobic estrogens can spread between tails and in
the cell and this allows small non-polar molecules to spread in the Cen lane.
Directions: Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be
used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read
each question completely before you begin.
Membranes are essential components of all cells.
5. Identify THREE macromolecules that are components of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell
and discuss the structure and function of each.
Phospholipids:
Glycerol, two fatty acids, and polar head group w/phosphate, amphipathic hydrophilic or
polar (head) and hydrophobic or non-polar (tails) forms a lipid bilayer.
Cholesterol:
Ring
Structure, steroid, amphipathic, embedded in bilayer, moderate’s fluidity, stabilizes
membrane.
Glycoprotein:
Carbohydrate(chains) linked to lipid/protein, cell recognition, attachment to external
molecule or another , cell.
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Membranes
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AP Biology Test Booklet

Figure 1. Phospholipid bilayer with transmembrane protein

C Interactions of the protein and phospholipids increase membrane fluidity.

Membranes are essential components of all cells.

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