1.101 A damped system is modeled as illustrated in Figure 1.9.

The mass of the system

is measured to be 5 kg and its spring constant is measured to be 5000 N/m. It is
observed that during free vibration the amplitude decays to 0.25 of its initial value
after five cycles. Calculate the viscous damping coefficient, c.
Solution:
Note that for any two consecutive peak amplitudes,
xo x1 x2 x 3 x4 δ
= = = = = e by definition
x1 x 2 x3 x 4 x5
xo 1 x x x x x 5δ
∴ = = 0 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 =e
x5 0.25 x1 x2 x 3 x4 x 5
So,
1
δ = ln (4 ) = 0.277
5
and
δ
ζ = = 0.044
4π 2 + δ 2
Solving for c,
c = 2ζ km = 2 ( 0.044 ) 5000 ( 5)
⇒ c = 13.914 N-s/m

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 Thus, aluminum requires 1/3 fewer turns than steel.

1.107 Try to design a bar that has the same stiffness as the helical spring of Example
1.7.2 (i.e., k = 103 N/m). This amounts to computing the length of the bar with its’
cross sectional area taking up about the same space at the helical spring (R = 10
cm). Note that the bar must remain at least 10 times as long as it is wide in order
to be modeled by the stiffness formula given for the bar in Figure 1.23.
Solution:
EA
From Figure 1.21, k =
l
For steel, E = 210 × 109 N/m2
From Example 1.7.2, k = 103 N/m

So, 10
3
=
(210 × 10 ) A
9

l
l = (2.1 × 108 ) A
If A = 0.01 m2 (10 cm2), then
l = ( 2.1× 108 ) (10 −2 ) = 2.1× 10 6 m
Not very practical at all. Sometimes in the course of design, the requirements
cannot be met.

1.108 Repeat Problem 1.107 using plastic (E = 1.40 × 109 N/m2) and rubber (E = 7 × 106
N/m2). Are any of these feasible?
Solution:
EA
From problem 1.53, k = 10 3 N/m =
l
For plastic, E = 1.40 × 109 N/m 2
So, l = 140 m
For rubber, E = 7 × 10 6 N/m2
So, l = 0.7 m
Rubber may be feasible, plastic would not.
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1.109
rding, or likewise. For Consider
information the
regarding diving board
permission(s), write to:of Figure
Rights P1.109. For
and Permissions divers,
Department, a certain
Pearson level
Education, Inc.,of static
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

deflection is desirable, denoted by Δ. Compute a design formula for the

dimensions of the board (b, h and  ) in terms of the static deflection, the average
diver’s mass, m, and the modulus of the board.
 Problems and Solutions Section 1.10 (1.124 through 1.136)

1.124 A 2-kg mass connected to a spring of stiffness 103 N/m has a dry sliding friction
force (Fc) of 3 N. As the mass oscillates, its amplitude decreases 20 cm. How
long does this take?
Solution: With m = 2kg, and k = 1000 N/m the natural frequency is just
1000
ωn = = 22.36 rad/s
2
−2 µ mgω n −2Fcω n Δx
From equation (1.101): slope = = =
πk πk Δt
Solving the last equality for Δt yields:
− Δxπ k −(0.20)(π )(103 )
Δt = = = 4.68 s
2 fc ω n 2(3)(22.36)

1.125 Consider the system of Figure 1.41 with m = 5 kg and k = 9 × 103 N/m with a
friction force of magnitude 6 N. If the initial amplitude is 4 cm, determine the
amplitude one cycle later as well as the damped frequency.
Solution: Given m = 5 kg, k = 9 × 103 N/m, fc = 6 N, x0 = 0.04 m , the amplitude
4 fc (4)(6)
after one cycle is x1 = x 0 − = 0.04 − 3 = 0.0373 m
k 9 × 10
Note that the damped natural frequency is the same as the natural frequency in the
k 9 × 10 3
case of Coulomb damping, hence ω n = = = 42.43 rad/s
m 5

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the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
rding, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.