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    Luanda Dennis - Polymer

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    hkjp7n6gkr

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    Luanda Dennis - Polymer

    Uploaded by

    hkjp7n6gkr
    17 views2 pages

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    17 views2 pages

    Luanda Dennis - Polymer

    Uploaded by

    hkjp7n6gkr

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    - 11 -

    3. (a) Anaerobic fermentation occurs in the production of wines using yeast.



    (i) Define ‘anaerobic fermentation’.

    Definition: ______________________________________________________
    Anaerobic fermentation is a metabolic process

    done by bacteria and eukaryotes in the absence of air


    _______________________________________________________________
    to convert carbohydrates into the products like gases, alcohol,
    _______________________________________________________________
    and acids.
    ( 2 marks)

    (ii) Give ONE reason why high temperatures are NOT suitable for anaerobic
    fermentation.

    If the temperature becomes too high, it can inhibit or kill the
    Reason: ________________________________________________________
    microorganisms, slowing or stopping the fermentation process.
    _______________________________________________________________
    ( 1 mark )

    (b) Soaps are formed from the alkaline hydrolysis (saponification) of natural fats and oils,
    which are esters. Ethyl propanoate, an ester of relatively low molecular weight, is
    hydrolysed by aqueous sodium hydroxide. Draw FULLY displayed structures of the
    hydrolysis products, A and B.

    H H O H H

    H C C C H C C O H
    H H
    H H Na


    ( 4 marks)

    (c) Name ONE by-product of the saponification of fats and oils, and state ONE disadvantage
    of synthetic cleaning agents over soaps.

    glycerol
    By-product: __________________________________________________________

    Disadvantage: potential environmental impact, as some synthetic agents may contain


    ________________________________________________________
    harmful chemicals that can persist in ecosystems. ( 2 marks)

    GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE


    01212020/F 2011
    - 12 -

    (d) The structures of propene and 3-amino propanoic acid, an amino acid, are shown below:

    (i) Draw the structure of the polymer formed from propene. Use THREE units of
    the monomer to demonstrate your answer.

    H H H H H H
    C C C C C C
    H Ch3 H Ch3 H Ch3

    ( 2 marks)

    (ii) What type of polymerisation would the 3-amino propanoic acid undergo? State
    the general name for the type of polymer formed from 3-amino propanoic acid.
    condensation polymerisation
    Type of polymerisation: __________________________________________
    ( 1 mark )
    Polyamide
    General name: __________________________________________________
    ( 1 mark )

    (iii) Outline a chemical test that can be used to distinguish between propene and its
    polymer.
    Propene turns bromine water from brown to colourless
    _______________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________
    ( 2 marks)

    Total 15 marks

    GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE


    01212020/F 2011

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