SHRI GURU RAM RAI UNIVERSITY

SEMINAR REPORT
BCA-SM
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
Course :- BCA
Semester :- 6th
(School of CA & IT)

Submitted by:- Submitted to:-

Siddhant Ranjan Teacher-Mrs. Archana Kero Shah
Enroll no:-R210529060 Designation-Associate Professor
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

Acknowledgement

Place: School of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar campus

Date: 18th January 2024

I would like to express my special gratitude to Mrs. Archana

Kero Shah for providing me with his guidance throughout the
assignment, which has made it possible for me to work
dedicatedly and provided me with required information whenever
needed.

I have made a submission of the assignment to Mrs. Archana

Kero Shah. I would also like to thank School of CA & IT for
giving me an opportunity to work on this assignment.

SIDDHANT RANJAN
BCA 6th Semester
R210529060

Signature.

1|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

Certificate From Guide

This is to certify that Siddhant Ranjan, R210529060, 2021-

2024 has carried out the project work presented in this seminar
report entitled “SCREENLESS DISPLAY” for the award of
degree Bachelor of Computer Application from Shri Guru Ram
Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

He has done the report under my supervision. The study & work
are carried out by the student & this seminar report do not form
the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to
anybody else from this or any other University/Institution.

Signature:
Mrs. Archana Kero Shah
Associate Professor
School of CA & IT
SGRR University
Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Date:

2|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

Abstract
The Screenless display which is an emerging new technology, has
become a good prospect in the near future for a wide range of
applications. As the name implies it deals with the display of several
things without the use of screens using projector. It involves the following
3 different working principles. The Visual image, Virtual retinal display,
Synaptic interface. This paper mainly illustrates and demonstrates how
the screen less displays works and its applications in various elds of
science. This technology would bring about the revolution in the eld of
displays and monitors that are costly, huge and are proven di cult to
manage the power requirements and constraints. It is also the futuristic
technological innovation.

3|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
S.No. Assignment Name / Practical Name
No.

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5

3. WHAT IS SCREENLESS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY? 6

4. TYPES OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY 7

5. HISTORY 8

6. APPLICATION OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY 12

7. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 16

8. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 17

9. CONCLUSION 18

10. REFERENCES 19

4|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
I. Introduction

Screenless display is the present evolving technology in the eld of the computer-enhanced
technologies. It is going to be the one of the greatest technological development in the coming future years .
Several patents are still working on this new emerging technology which can change the whole spectacular
view of the screenless displays. Screen less display technology has the main aim of displaying (or) transmitting
the information without any help of the screen (or) the projector. Screen less displays have become a new rage
of development for the next GENX. Screenless videos describe systems for transmitting visual information
from a video source without the use of the screen. Screen less computing systems can be divided mainly into
3 groups: Visual image Retinal direct Synaptic interface.[2]
Screenless display is nothing but a display which can be shot at any place wherever the user wishes to
have the screen. It can be at any direction or place such as on the wall or in the open space. Nowadays the
technology is changing very rapidly in the existing machines and in the tools in order to solve the problem at
the high level. It would be not wrong in saying that the Screenless display technology would be a life-changing
concept and also one of the most interesting topics for the research. This technology also solves the problem
of the space of display in one place. It is a system of displaying information/data though an electronic video
source without using screen at all.
Screenless display technology is the present evolving computer-enhanced technologies. [9]It will
surely be the one of the greatest development in the field of technology in the upcoming future. Several patents
are still researching on this new technology which can change the whole view of the displays. Screenless
Display Technology was such an excellent thought that had come into many experts in order to solve the major
problems related to the size of the device. For less space taking screen displays have made the need of
Screenless displays more than ever. Screenless, by the word clearly means “no screen”. So, Screenless
Displays can be defined as a display which helps to display and even transmit any information without the
help of screens. There are many types of Screenless display that are under development which are described
below- * Visual Image display * Retinal Direct display * Synaptic Interface.[3]

5|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
II. LITERATURE REVIEW

In 2013 screenless display market has witnessed factual growth and according to the MIT latest
technology review, it has become a new rage of development for the next GEN-X .Screenless display was first
introduced by the mobile phone named OWASYS 2CC [8]. Google, Microsoft, Apple, Kapsys, Displair and
Avegant are the key players in the global market, hence several researches renowned IT sector companies are
being driven for the future development of this emerging new technology such as mobile phones for elderly,
blind people, bionic contact lenses, virtual reality headsets and holograms [4]. Google is researching more on
screenless tablet computers and smartphones. Google Glass and Cardboard Virtual Reality use the concept of
screenless display. In cardboard, two polarized lenses show two images, which helps the brain combines to
create a 3D image. Given the illusion of depth the brain offers a type of virtual reality. Goggle offers another
wearable way to interact with screenless display which is named Google glass and anyone can wear it [9].
Therefore, using virtual retinal display several companies had already raised with the aim of
commercializing personal gaming and cinema devices. In the field of the hologram projection screenless
displays are also broadly applicable because holographic images can be generated in three dimensions [6].
Recently researchers at Swinburne University of Technology have discovered nanoscale pixels of refractive
index through a photonotic process and found the capacity of a technique using graphene oxide [5] and
complex laser physics to create a pop-up tiny floating 3D holographic image which is visible to the opened
eye. Graphene enabled floating display is based on the principle of holography because it is a two dimensional
carbon material with extraordinary electronic and optical properties. Though there is no limitation for the up
scalability of graphene 3D display it can allow images up to 1cm only.[10]

6|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
III. WHAT IS SCREENLESS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY?

The screenless display technology is used to transfer or display information without using a screen.
The advancement in the eld of screenless displays would lead to the replacement of touch screen displays by
screenless ones in the near future. Screenless displays are a part of an emerging technology in the eld of
displays that are likely to be a game changer and would change the way displays are used. In due course of
time, hardware component is expected to become economical. This technology is not developed fully till now
and is available in a limited range of products.[9]

7|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
IV. TYPES OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY

1. Visual Image Screenless Display

2. Retinal Direct Display
3. Synaptic Display
Visual Image Screenless-Visual Image screen less display includes any screen less image that the eye
can perceive The following are few examples of the visual image display: holographic display, virtual reality
goggles, heads up display, etc. The working principle of this display states that the light gets reflected by the
intermediate object before reaching the retina or the eye. By using the components like Helium Neon Laser,
an object, a Lens, a holographic (1m)and mirror, the Holographic Displays display the three dimensional (3D)
images. A 3D image will be projected and appears to be floating in the air whenever the laser and object beams
overlaps with each other.[14] Hologram The most common example of Visual Image screenless display is
Hologram. Holo-grams were used mostly in telecommunications as an alternative to screens.
Holograms could be transmitted directly, or they could be stored in various storage devices (such as
holo discs) the storage device can be hooked up with a holo projector in order for the stored image to be
accessed.
Retinal Direct Display-Retinal display as the name itself indicates the display of image directly onto
the retina. Instead of using some intermediate object for light reflection to project the images, this display
directly projects the image onto the retina. The user will sense that the display is moving freely in the space.
Retinal display is commonly known as retinal scan display and retinal projector. This display allows short
light emission, coherent light and narrow band color. The user sees what appears to be a conventional display
floating in space in front of them. A virtual retinal display (VRD), also known as a retinal scan display (RSD)
or retinal projector (RP), is a display technology that draws a raster display directly onto the retina of the
eye.[10]
Synaptic Display-Synaptic Interface screen less video does not use light at all. Visual information
completely bypasses the eye and is transmitted directly to the brain. This technology is already tested on
humans and most of the companies started using this technology for effective communication, education,
business and security system. This technology was successfully developed by sampling the video signals from
horse crab eyes through their nerves, and the other video signals are sampled from the electronic cameras into
the brains of creatures.

8|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
V. History

Reto Meier, is an “Android Developer Advocate for Google” he recently laid out a fairly science fiction
account of where computer (or at least mobile) interfaces are headed [1]. One thing that will definitely change
the use of working on the average laptop, itis like working on a desk that is as big as a sheet of the paper. That
is why all our “files” are quite inch high. The solution to the productivity and immersion is more, bigger
screens - hence the proliferation of external monitors, another secondary reading devices and even cell-phones
with improbably large screens [2]. So-called “Pico” projectors that are named for their tiny size already exist
and also the HD version of it exists. And there are a huge no. of mobile phones, which have built-in
Picoprojectors such as the Samsung Show, - so outside of market demand there’s nothing that will to stop this
prediction from becoming a truth.

A. Visual Image Display

The Visual Image Screenless display includes any image that is visible to the naked eye. The common
example of the Visual Image Screenless display is the hologram. Holograms were used mostly in
telecommunications as another to screens. Holograms they must be transferred directly, or they must be stored
in numerous storage devices (such as holodiscs) the storage device can be attached or hooked with the holo
projector, so that the stored image can be accessed .Virtual retinal display systems is a class of screen less
displays in which the images are directly projected onto the human retina. They can be identified from the
visual image systems because the light is not reflected from some of the intermediate object onto the retina;
so it is instead projected directly onto the human retina.

Figure 1: The Visual Image

9|Page
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
a. HOLOGRAM
This is form of a photography that provides a three-dimensional image, and some technologies are
now creating images using lenses, helium neon and holographic film. The word holography comes from the
Greek words λος (holo; "whole") and γραφή (graph; "writing" or "drawing").A 3D image will be projected
and appears in the air whenever the laser and object beams overlap with each other. The Hologram provides
high quality images and videos and those images can be viewed by human eye, and that does not require any
special observation device. [3]

b. WORKING OF HOLOGRAM
Holographs can work by using a laser beam that can interfere with an object beam. When these two
beams get in the way of one another, they can create what looks like a three-dimensional image. This image
can then be recorded for processing by recording the diffraction of the light and the way in which the beams
interfere with one another. As we can see the working of the hologram as shown in the following figure.2)

Figure 2: The Working of Hologram

10 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
B. Retinal Direct Display
A virtual retinal display (VRD), also known as a retinal scan display (RSD) or retinal projector (RP),
is a is a Screenless display technology that draws a raster display (like a television) directly onto the retina of
the eye, instead of image being reflected by any substance. This can create an effect of image viewing from
several feet away or at a wider and clearer view of any object that is using special lasers or LEDs to scan light
essentially into the optic nerve by mixing the primary colors .The user sees what appears to be a conventional
display floating in space in front of them. The same concept applies to the computer monitor, who mainly
focuses on the viewed image onto the retina that needs to be converted into signals for the brain, but by the
optic nerve however the VRD is more efficient and effective. Glyph has also developed a Virtual Retinal
Display it also uses a MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) type of system.

Figure 3: The Virtual retinal display algorithm

Figure 4: The Glyph - Virtual Retinal Display

11 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
C. Synaptic Interface
Synaptic display is a type of screenless display technology that does not display the image in free
media or onto the retina. It displays by sending the signals directly into the brain with the help of the optic
nerve.

Figure 5:The Synaptic Interface

There is no light that are involved, basically the electrical impulses. This method is tested on the
horseshoe crabs by recording their nerve images. Therefore, further the neural code transmitted to the brain
by the optic nerve. This display offers the possibility of providing sight for the blind people by using implanted
electronics to the bypass nonfunctional parts of the eye. It can give users the benefit to view images in a greater
coordination and complexity than the eyes capable of producing it. However this method requires more
research and development for their further production of worldwide application can be implemented.

12 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
VI. Applications of Screenless Display Technology

1) Medical field: By allowing the physician to view a virtual X-Ray of infected areas information that is
concerning that patient during surgery. Virtual images produced by VRD could be laid-down with the patient
by tracking the view of the physician in relation to the position of the patient.

2) Manufacturing field: The same concept as that is used in medical field can be used in manufacturing
environment by viewing virtual blue print that uses C3 images to identify parts placement and operation
information.

3) Transportation system: It can be beneficial in any transportation system by proving the display that can
project virtual map of the surrounding area therefore in siding vision of providing reference state train
characteristics and craft instrumentation

Some other Applications of the Screenless Display technology

Figure 6: The Application applied to mobile technology

Application applied to mobile Technology Screen less displays technology is also implemented for the
development of the screen less laptops. A laptop that is without an LCD can be a very helpful, portable solution
when connected to CRT or fixed LCD monitors.
13 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

Figure 7: The Laptops without screens

Screenless laptops would also be a green solution, giving value to donated CRT monitors that would
otherwise be heading for landfills. Portability means that volunteers, who don‟t always have the time on daily
basis to travel to people‟s homes, can more proper way and easily maintain this computer. Screenless display
technology is also widely applicable in the field of holograms projection.

14 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

Figure 8: The Hologram Projection

Hologram projection is result of a technological innovation that is truly going to helps in touch less
holographic interfaces. In fact, a hologram projection projects 3D image of so high quality that it will feels as
if we can touch them. However, holographic projection is still under progress acceptance as until now, the
conventional holograms, which offer 3D images.
Latest laser technology are also implementing the special technique of the screen less display through
the presence of the several 3D scope animation or the screen provides the advantage of being combined with
the Laser Valve Video Projector(LVV)that helps in projecting video images by the use of the laser light instead
of the Xenon Arc lamps. Laser technologies have given a peak over the other technologies as the LVP gives
the projector an outstanding depth in the focus.

15 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology

Figure 9: The Virtual screen

It is implemented in the emerging of the new screen less TV‟s. Imagine that while watching the TV
picture will be magically appearing in the thin air. The pictures just floats in front of the viewer; this is
going to be a latest emerging technology.

Figure 10: The Magical display in air

16 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
VII. Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages:

Low power requirements- Only six diodes are required and a few of a watts to deliver their images
to the user’s eyes.
Higher resolution images- The pixels in the images projected by the diodes can be made smaller than
is possible with any CRT or flat panel display, so higher resolution can be achieved. With retinal projectors,
the only limitation in the resolution of visual images will be the resolving power of the users’ eyes.
Greater portability- The combination of diodes, lenses, and processing components in a retinal
projector system will weigh only a few ounces. Wider angle of view- Retinal projectors will be able to provide
a wider field of view than is possible with display screens.
More accurate color- By modulating light sources to vary the intensity of red, green, and blue light,
retinal provide a wider range of colors and more fully saturated colors than any other display technology.
Greater brightness and better contrast- Retinal projectors can provide higher levels of contrast and
brightness than any other display system.
Ability to present 3D images- With their capability of presenting high definition image-pairs, retinal
projectors can deliver the most highly realistic stereoscopic movies and still pictorial images to their users.
Ability to present far-point images- The human visual system is a far-point system. With today’s
desktop and laptop computers users must employ their near-point vision. The excessive use of our near-point
vision in using computers, reading, sewing, playing video games, etc., is making myopia a very common
impediment. The use of the far-point images that can be provided by retinal projector systems could reduce
the incidence of myopia and, hence, the growing need for and use of eyeglasses see.
Lower costs- The present cost of retinal projector systems is high. Nevertheless, there are no hard-to
overcome manufacturing problems in mass-producing and low-cost components, so inexpensive systems will
soon become available. Environmental and disposal costs of these tiny delivery devices will also be minimal
because toxic elements such as lead, phosphorus, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury are not used in their
manufacture.

Disadvantages:

The principle disadvantage is that Virtual retinal display:

• The (VRD) is not yet present in the significant quantity.
• Prototypes and special experimental models are now created, but their cost per unit is high.
• The VRD technology comes under the progress and Development.

17 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
VIII. Future Enhancements

For the futuristic development of this evolving new technology, several researches are being organized
and the several well-known IT sector companies and the other best labs that are present in the world are
handling over the project of the Screenless display technology.
• In year 2001 Microsoft had begun to work on an idea for an Interactive table that mixes both the physical
and the Virtual worlds. ∙ Multi touch is an interaction technique for human - computer and the hardwired
devices that apply it, which allows users to compute it without any conventional input devices.
• Development & enhancement of the micro vision also gives the revised and the futuristic view of the screen
less displays. This technology of the micro vision is the very well useful in the Artificial Retinal Display
properties.
• Japanese scientists have invented the pair of intelligent Glasses that are able to remember last time where
people saw their keys, Hand-bags, iPods, and mobile phones.
• Some laboratories are working under progress on the electron beam lithography which includes the advanced
improvement of the innovative screen less display.
• Adobe systems are also working on development and arrangement cross stage of the several applications
which are to be viewed without the real screen.
• Cool Google is developing the compact video camera which films everything the wearer looks at and it
directly sends the information to the glasses hence there is no need of any screen or projector.
• Multi touch is a human computer interaction technique and the hard-wires devices which allow the users to
compute without unoriginal input devices.[10]

18 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
IX. Conclusion

This paper has been elaborately discussed about the Screenless Display Technology which is one of
the most emerging computer technologies and has become a new exciting one for the upcoming generations
as a field of the futuristic technology. Due to the ability of having various advantages which are involved in
the making, designing, coding of the Screenless, this needs the plenty of knowledge and the process for the
development is still under the improvement. May be in the future the world may be dominated by the screen
less display technologies and this enriches the world of technological empowerment in the field of the
computer technology. Screenless display technology promises the cost effective aspect and also the brighter
future in the computer technology.

19 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
 The ScreenLess Display Technology
X. References
[1]. Screen-less Head Mounted Projector with Retrotranmissive Optics Ryugo KIJIMA, Jyunya WATANABE
[2]. Kiyokawa, K., "A Wide Field-of-view Head Mounted Projective Display using Hyperbolic Half-silvered
Mirrors", Procs of ISMAR.
[3]. Okano, F., Arai, J., "Resolution characteristics of afocal array optics".
[4]. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 30 September-3 October 2001, New Orleans,
Louisiana.
[5]. http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/mimss bits/25623/ videos.mitrasites.com/screenlessdisplay.html
[6].Telecoms.cytalk.com/.../why-the-future-ofmobile-is-screenless-touch.
[7].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_device
[8]. http://screenless.weebly.com/
[9].http://www.cbsd.org/cms/lib07/PA01916442/Centricity/Domain/1908/CSI%20T
ext%20Marilyn%20Miller.pdf
[10].http://www.jica.go.jp/brazil/portuguese/office/courses/c8h0vm00007ipv0s-att/J1300700_-
_Seminar_on_Criminal_Investigation.pdf
[11]. http://www.mudoc.com/screenlesspc.pdf
[12]. http://www.ijera.com/papers/vol%201%20issue %203/XC013942947.pdf
[13].http://tnbused.wikispaces.com/file/view/Lesson%205%20Advanced.ppt/241765383/Lesson%205%20A
dvanced.ppt
[14].http://www.technologyreview.com/view/420266/the-future-of-interfaces-is-mobile-screenless-and-
invisible/
[15]. http://www.google.com
[16]. http://www.livebinders.com/play/play/234524
[17]. http://www.factsnfakes.in/the-best-upcomingscreenless-display-technologies/
[18]. http://www.hitl.washington.edu/publications/r98-21/r-98-21.pdf

20 | P a g e
School Of CA & IT, SGRRU, Patel Nagar-248001, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA