Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    Projections of Points

    Uploaded by

    mrjksuperman18
    The document discusses orthographic projections and how to project points onto reference planes. It explains the different reference planes used, including the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes. It also discusses the different views including the front, top, and side views. The document provides examples of projecting different points located in various positions relative to the reference planes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Projections of Points

    Uploaded by

    mrjksuperman18
    5 views21 pages
    The document discusses orthographic projections and how to project points onto reference planes. It explains the different reference planes used, including the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes. It also discusses the different views including the front, top, and side views. The document provides examples of projecting different points located in various positions relative to the reference planes.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses orthographic projections and how to project points onto reference planes. It explains the different reference planes used, including the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes. It also discusses the different views including the front, top, and side views. The document provides examples of projecting different points located in various positions relative to the reference planes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views21 pages

    Projections of Points

    Uploaded by

    mrjksuperman18
    The document discusses orthographic projections and how to project points onto reference planes. It explains the different reference planes used, including the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes. It also discusses the different views including the front, top, and side views. The document provides examples of projecting different points located in various positions relative to the reference planes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:

    It is a technical drawing in which different views of an object are projected on different


    reference planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane

    Different Reference planes are


    Horizontal Plane (HP),
    Vertical Frontal Plane (VP)
    Side Or Profile Plane (PP)
    And
    Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)
    FV is a view projected on VP
    TV is a view projected on HP
    SV is a view projected on PP
    IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:

    1 Planes.
    2 Pattern of planes & Pattern of views
    3 Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections
    PLANES

    PRINCIPAL PLANES
    HP AND VP

    AUXILIARY PLANES

    Auxiliary Vertical Plane Auxiliary Inclined Plane Profile Plane


    (A.V.P.) (A.I.P.) ( P.P.)


    A.V.P.
     to Hp &  to Vp


    PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)

    This is a pictorial set-up of all three planes.


    Arrow direction is a normal way of observing the object.
    But in this direction only VP and a view on it (FV) can be seen.
    The other planes and views on those can not be seen.

    PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:-


    To make those planes also visible from the arrow direction,
    A) HP is rotated 900 DOUNWARD
    B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION.
    This way both planes are brought in the same plane containing VP.

    VP PP
    Y
    FV LSV
    X Y
    X TV

    HP

    ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS


    HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900 PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 900 OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
    AND AND DRAWN IN
    BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
    Projection of Points
    • A “Point” may be situated, in space, in any one of the “four
    quadrants” formed by the “two reference/ principal planes” or a
    point may lie in any one or both of them,

    • The projections of a “Point” are obtained by extending projectors


    perpendicular to the reference/ principal planes,

    • One of the reference/ principal planes is then rotated so that the first
    and third quadrants are opened out,

    • The projections of point are shown on a flat surface in their respective


    positions either above or below or in xy line.
    Projection of Points
    PROJECTIONS OF POINTS
    TO DRAW PROJECTIONS OF ANY OBJECT (Eg. POINT),
    ONE MUST HAVE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
    A) OBJECT (POINT)
    { WITH IT’S DESCRIPTION, WELL DEFINED}
    B) OBSERVER
    { ALWAYS OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESP. REF. PLANE}
    C) LOCATION OF OBJECT
    { MEANS IT’S POSITION WITH REFFERENCE TO H.P. & V.P.}

    TERMS ‘ABOVE’ & ‘BELOW’ WITH RESPECTIVE TO H.P.


    AND TERMS ‘INFRONT’ & ‘BEHIND’ WITH RESPECTIVE TO V.P
    FORM 4 QUADRANTS.
    OBJECTS CAN BE PLACED IN ANY ONE OF THESE 4 QUADRANTS.

    IT IS INTERESTING TO LEARN THE EFFECT ON THE POSITIONS OF VIEWS ( FV, TV )


    OF THE OBJECT WITH RESP. TO X-Y LINE, WHEN PLACED IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS.

    TO MAKE IT EASY, HERE A POINT A IS TAKEN AS AN OBJECT. BECAUSE IT’S ALL VIEWS ARE
    JUST POINTS.
    Types of Views
    Positions of Points
    NOTATIONS

    FOLLOWING NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHILE NAMEING


    DIFFERENT VIEWS IN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS.

    OBJECT POINT A LINE AB

    IT’S TOP VIEW a ab

    IT’S FRONT VIEW a’ a’ b’

    IT’S SIDE VIEW a” a” b”

    SAME SYSTEM OF NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED


    INCASE NUMBERS, LIKE 1, 2, 3 – ARE USED.
    VP
    2nd Quad. 1ST Quad.

    Y
    Observer

    X Y HP
    X

    3rd Quad. 4th Quad.

    THIS QUADRANT PATTERN,


    IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION)
    WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE,
    IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY.
    Point A is POINT A IN VP POINT A IN
    Placed In 2ND QUADRANT 1ST QUADRANT
    VP a’
    different A A
    quadrants a’
    and it’s Fv & Tv a
    are brought in
    same plane for HP OBSERVER

    Observer to
    see HP OBSERVER
    clearly.
    Fv is visible as
    it is a view on a
    VP. But as Tv
    is
    is a view on
    Hp,
    it is rotated
    downward 900, a
    In clockwise
    direction.The
    In front part of HP
    Hp comes HP OBSERVER
    OBSERVER

    below
    xy line and the
    part behind Vp a
    comes above. a’
    A a’
    Observe and POINT A IN A POINT A IN
    note the 3RD QUADRANT VP 4TH QUADRANT
    process. VP
    PROJECTIONS OF A POINT IN FIRST QUADRANT.
    POINT A ABOVE HP POINT A ABOVE HP POINT A IN HP
    & INFRONT OF VP & IN VP & INFRONT OF VP
    For Tv For Tv

    PICTORIAL PICTORIAL For Tv


    PRESENTATION A PRESENTATION
    a’ a’
    A Y
    Y
    Y a’
    a
    a
    X a X X A

    ORTHOGRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS
    OF ALL ABOVE CASES.

    Fv above xy, Fv above xy, Fv on xy,


    Tv below xy. Tv on xy. Tv below xy.
    VP VP VP

    a’ a’

    X Y X Y X
    a’ Y
    a

    a a

    HP HP HP
    CASE 1: Point A is 40 mm above HP & 25 mm infront of VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 2: Point B is 40 mm above HP & 25 mm behind VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 3: Point C is 40 mm below HP & 25 mm behind VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 4: Point D is 40 mm below HP & 25 mm infront of VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 5: Point E is in HP & 25 mm infront of VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 6: Point F is in HP & 25 mm behind VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 7: Point G is 40 mm above HP & in VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 8: Point H is 40 mm below HP & in VP. Draw Projections.
    CASE 9: Point I is in HP & in VP. Draw Projections.

    You might also like