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Fuzzy Logic

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13 views55 pages

Fuzzy Logic

Uploaded by

21PD36 - SUBASH S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy sets
• Propounded by Lotfi A. Zadeh
• Fuzzy set theory provides a means for
representing uncertainties.
• Crisp Vs Fuzzy
Crisp Vs Fuzzy set

Crisp set has a unique membership function


μA(x) = 1x ∈ A
0x ∉ A
μA(x) ∈ {0, 1}

Fuzzy Set can have an infinite number of membership


functions
μA ∈ [0,1]

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Fuzzy Set Theory

● An object has a numeric “degree of membership”


● Normally, between 0 and 1 (inclusive)
● 0 membership means the object is not in the set

● 1 membership means the object is fully inside the set

● In between means the object is partially in the set

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Crisp Set and Fuzzy Set

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Crisp Sets
• Universe of Discourse
• Cardinality
• Null Set
• Singleton set
• Subset
• Superset
• Power set
Operations on Classical Sets

Union:
A ∪ B = {x | x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
Intersection:
A ∩ B = {x | x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
Complement:
A’ = {x | x ∉ A, x ∈ X}
X – Universal Set
Set Difference:
A | B = {x | x ∈ A and x ∉ B}
Set difference is also denoted by A - B

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Operations on Crisp Sets

Union of sets A and B (logical or).

Intersection of sets A and B.

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Operations on Crisp Sets

Complement of set A.

Difference operation A|B.

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Properties of Crisp Sets

A∪B=B∪A
A∩B=B∩A
A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C
A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C
A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
A∪A=A
A∩A=A
A∪X=X
A∩X=A
A∪∅=A
A∩∅=∅
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Properties of Crisp Sets

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Fuzzy Sets
❑ If X is a Universe of discourse, and x is a particular
element of X, then a fuzzy set, Ã defined on X may
be written as ordered pairs
à ={(x, μÃ(x)), x Є X}

❑ Representation: Ã

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Fuzzy Set Operations

μA ∪ B(x) = μA(x) ∪ μB(x)


= max(μA(x), μB(x))
μA ∩ B(x) = μA(x) ∩ μB(x)
= min(μA(x), μB(x))
μA’(x) = 1 - μA(x)

De Morgan’s Law also holds:


(A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’
(A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
But, in general
A ∪ A’
A ∩ A’
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Properties of Fuzzy Sets

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Crisp relations
• Cartesian Product
• Composition
– Max-Min composition
Fuzzy relations
• Fuzzy cartesian Product
• Composition
Fuzzy Propositions
Fuzzificaion
Fuzzification
• Making a crisp number to a fuzzy set.
• Memebrship functions
– Triangular
– Trapezoidal
– Gaussian
Triangular membership function
• Let a, b and c represent the x coordinates of the three
vertices of μ A (x) in a fuzzy set A (a: lower boundary
and c: upper boundary where membership degree is
zero, b: the centre where membership degree is 1).
Trapezoidal function
• Let a, b, c and d represents the x coordinates of the
membership function.
Gaussian function
• The Gaussian membership function is usually
represented as Gaussian(x:c,s) where c, s represents
the mean and standard deviation.
– M=fuzzification factor; m=2
• X=0.25 a =-1,b=-0.5,c=0.25,d=1.0
• a=3, b=4,c=7,d=8
• X=3.5
Fuzzy Inference rules

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