GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF

LALITPUR DISTRICT, U.P.

(A.A.P.: 2008-2009)
By
J.P. Gautam
Scientist 'B'

CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page No.

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE ..................2

1. INTRODUCTION ..................5

2. RAINFALL & CLIMATE ..................5

3. GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL ..................5

4. GROUND WATER SCENARIO ..................6

5. GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ..................9

6. GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES & PROBLEMS ..................9

7. AWARENESS & TRAINING ACTIVITY ..................10

8. RECOMMENDATIONS ..................10

PLATES:
I. INDEX MAP (LOCATION) OF LALITPUR DISTRICT, U.P.
II. DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL (PRE-MONSOON) MAY, 2006
III. DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL (POST-MONSOON) NOV. 2006
IV. CATEGORISATION OF BLOCKS (SHOWING GROUND WATER
RESOURCES / DRAFT ETC.)
IV. ISO-CONDUCTIVITY (E.C.) MAP
 DISTRICT AT GLANCE

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

i. Geographical Area (Sq. Km.) : 5039

ii. Administrative Divisions (as on 31.3.2008) :
Number of Tehsil / Blocks 3/6
Number of Panchayat / Villages 338
iii. Population (as on 2001 census) : 977734
iv. Average Annual Rainfall (mm) : 1044.30
2. GEOMORPHOLOGY
Major Physiographic Units : Northern Bundelkhand
Gneisses, Schists & Granite
Southern Vindhyan sandstone &
shale
Major Drainages : Betwa, Dhasan Sajnam &
Shahzad
3. LAND USE (Sq. Km.)
a) Forest area : 761.60
b) Net area sown : 2678.63
c) Cultivable area : 3279.66
4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES : Red soil, Black soil & Alluvial
soil
5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (as on 2005-06) : 362209 ha.
6. IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES
(Areas and Number of Structures)
Dugwells : 77943 / 25838
Tubewells / Borewells : 29036 / 2115
Canals : 82083 / 649 Km.
Other Sources : 8524 / 94 ha.
Net Irrigated Area : 240778 ha.
Gross Irrigated Area : 242399 ha.
7. NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITORING
WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31-3-2007)
No. of Dugwells : 10
No. of Piezometers : Nil

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8. PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS
9. HYDROGEOLOGY
Major water bearing formation : Fractured and weathered granite
(Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 2008) 3.59 – 10.58 mbgl
(Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 2008) : 1.87 – 5.59 mbgl
Long term water level trend in 10 years (1997-2008) in m/yr : Rise 0.0499 to 0.1524 m/yr
Fall 0.0169 to 0.4659 m/yr
10. GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB
(As on 31-3-2007)
No of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, SH, Total) : EW – 63, OW – Nil
Depth range (m) : 20.30 – 178.30
Discharge (litres per minute) : 08 – 630
Storativity (S) : -
Transmissivity (m2/day) : -
11. GROUND WATER QUALITY
Presence of Chemical Constituents more than : Nil
Permissible Limit (e.g. EC, F, As, Fe)
Type of water
12. DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES
(2004)-in MCM
Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources : 67813.67 ham
Gross Annual Ground Water Draft : 32195.90 ham
Projected Demand for Domestic Industrial Uses upto
2029
Stage of Ground Water Development : 51.70%
13. AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY
Mass Awareness Programmes organized : Nil
Date
Place
No. of participants
Water Management Training Programme organized : 1
Date : 31.01.2006
Place : Lalitpur D.M. Auditorium
No. of participants : 200

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14. EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE & : Nil
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Projects completed by CGWB (No & Amount spent)
Projects under technical guidance of CGWB (Numbers)
15. GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION : -
Number of OE Blocks : Nil
No of Critical Blocks : Nil
No of Semi-Critical Blocks : 2 (Bar & Talbehat)
16. MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND : Water scarcity and drought
prone areas.
ISSUES

Note: Latest available data may be incorporated.

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 GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF
LALITPUR DISTRICT, U.P.
(A.A.P.: 2008-2009)
By
J.P. Gautam
Scientist 'B'

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Lalitpur district, is the southern most part of Uttar Pradesh, lies between 24010'
to 25014' north latitude and 78010' to 79000' east longitude. Total geographical area of
the district is 5039 sq.km. District headquarter is at Lalitpur and there are three
number of tehsils namely Talbehat, Lalitpur and Mahrani. Further there are six
number of blocks Bar, Talbehat, Jakhaura, Birdha-Mahraoni. Further there are six
number of blocks Bar, Talbehat, Jakhaura, Birdha, Mahraoni and Mandawara. As per
2001 census district has population of 977734 out of which 519413 are males and
458321 females. Rural population is 835790 and urban population is 141944.
Scheduled caste & Scheduled tribe population is 243790.

2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE

The average annual rainfall is 1044.3 mm. The climate is sub humid and it is
characterised by a hot dry summer and a cold winter, About 91% of rainfall takes
place from June to September. During monsoon surplus water is available for deep
percolation to ground water.

3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL

3.1 GEOMORPHOLOGY:
Lalitpur district mostly occupies a part of the Bundelkhand massives in the
north & the southern periphery of the district is traversed by the Vindhyan ranges.

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The rolling lands of the Bundelkhand massives have an average altitude of 350 m &
slope northwards with gradient of 1.5 m/Km.

3.2 SOIL:
In Lalitpur district mainly three types of soil are found on the basis of colour
and topography. The red soil formed by the weathering of granite and gneisses. In the
basis of texture red soil divided into two sub-group the Raker soils & the Parwa soils.
The IInd soil group is black soil or black colour soil is formed partly in situ and partly
transported. The parent material is limestone and granite. On the basis of texture it is
further divided into two sub groups, a Black kabar and the Mar soil. The IIIrd type of
soil is alluvial soil group found along the rivers as valley fills and comprises coarse
sand of quartz & feldspars.

4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

4.1 HYDROGEOLOGY:
The geological formation of Lalitpur may be grouped into three types:

(a) Crystalline rocks – mainly granite, gneisses, schists, quartz reefs, mafic
rocks, its occupies about 80% of the district where as 18% is occupied by (b)
Sedimentary rocks viz. mainly sandstone, shales and carbonate rocks. The remaining
2% area is occupied by the (c) unconsolidated alluvial valley fills formations.
In the crystalline rocks the occurrence of ground water largely depends on the
topographical situations, intensity of weathering and the movement of ground water
depends on the interconnection of fracture zones etc. The topographically elevated
areas like inselberg, buttes, kopjes etc. form poor sites of ground water occurrence
while the pediments and low lying areas (pediplain) are promising areas of ground
occurrence. The ground water occurs in these crystalline rocks either in the sub-aerial
weathered mantle or along the joints, fractures and other weak plains under the water
table conditions.
In southern peripheral part of the district sedimentary rocks are exposed
comprising mainly of sandstone and shale. Ground water in the sandstone shale

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sequence occurs mainly in the fine interstices of the weathered zones and along the
joint planes, bedding planes in the unaltered rocks. In the carbonate rocks the ground
water occurs either in the weathered mantle or along the cavities and cavernous
formed as a result of carstification. The availability of ground water depends upon the
number of such cavities and other saturated weak planes in these rocks.
In Lalitpur district Central Ground Water Board constructed 15 exploratory
wells at depth range 15.71 to 33.90 mbgl. with a discharge of 26 to 408 lpm. CGWB
also constructed 8 exploratory wells during 2001-02 under AECP. The discharge
varies from negligible to 500 litre per minutes.

Depth to Water Level:

As per depth to water level data collected from 14 ground water monitoring
stations for the year 2007, premonsoon water level varies from 0.77 (Talbehat) to
11.85 mbgl (Madawara). In postmonsoon period depth to water level varies from 0.70
to 10.38 mbgl. Water level fluctuation varies from 0.07 m (Talbehat) to 2.60 m
(Lalitpur). Shallow water level is observed in canal commands and the deeper water
level noticed at southeastern part of the district mainly in Madawara block.
The shallow water level (0.00 – 3.00 mbgl) are occurring in the form of small
pockets along the surface water bodies in Talbehat areas.

Long Term Water Level Trend:

The long term water level trend for ten years (1997-2006) of 14 ground water
monitoring wells have shown that only three stations are showing rising trend and
remaining 11 are showing declining trend. The wells, Amjhaza Ghati, Bansi and
Jakhlaun showing rising trend from 0.0499 to 0.1524 m/year. The falling trend of
eleven well varies from 0.0169 m/year (Lalitpur) to 0.4659 m/year (Madaura).

4.2 GROUND WATER RESOURCES:

As per report on dynamic ground water resources of Uttar Pradesh as on
31.03.2004. Annual ground water recharge of the district is 67813.67 ham. The net
annual ground water availability is 62274.29 ham. The existing gross ground water
draft for all uses is 32195.90 ham. The net ground water availability for future
irrigation development is 28824.87 ham. The stage of ground water development is

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 51.70%. As per the estimates worked out 4 blocks are in safe category and the
remaining 2 blocks Bar & Talbehat falls under semi-critical category.

4.3 GROUND WATER QUALITY IN LALITPUR DISTRICT:

Ground water in shallow aquifers is colourless and odourless. The specific
electrical conductance ranges from 570-960 µs/cm at 250C. Fluoride and Nitrate are
within permissible limit and ranges from 0.33-0.98 mg/l and 1.9-36.0 mg/l. Phosphate
is not found in ground water of the area. It is observed that the ground water is
suitable for drinking and domestic uses.
The ‘As’ content has been found within permitted limit of BIS (10 ppb).
Iron has been reported as 1.914 mg/l at Jhakura & 1.252 mg/l at Mahroni and
other trace elements are within limit of permissibility of BIS.

4.4 STATUS OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT:

In all blocks of the district ground water development takes place through
dugwells, borewells and state tubewells. The relevant details are given below:

Sl. Type of Structure Number Depth Range Yield

No. (mbgl) (lpm)
1. Dugwells 25838 5.50-25.00 50-200
2. State Tubewell 1 - 400
3. Rahat 3593 10-25 100-200

The shallow dugwells are found in canal command area and the deeper ones
are located along the Betwa river. The well generally meet out the domestic and
irrigation requirements. There are 1065 diesel pumpsets used in dugwells for
irrigation. Maximum number of diesel pumpsets are in Mahrauni block i.e. 192 and
minimum are in Madawara block i.e. 156. In Lalitpur district only three electric pump
are found, one each in Jakhaura, Talbehat and Birdha block. Only one state
government deep tubewell existing in Mahrauni block. About 2/ 3 rd area is irrigated by
ground water and 1/ 3 rd by surface water (canal). Maximum area irrigated through
canal is in Mahrauni block (22004 ha) and minimum in Madawara block i.e. 6344 ha.
In all 63 numbers of tubewells have been constructed by CGWB in the district
so far. Maximum number of handpumps are in Birdha block i.e. 146 and minimum

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number of handpumps in Maharauni block i.e. 97. Depth of these handpumps varies
from 32 to 87 mbgl and discharge varies from 8 to 40 lpm.

5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

5.1 GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT:

The maximum stage of ground water development is in Bar block (82.28%)
and minimum stage of ground water development is in Birdha block (31.38%). The
southern part of the area have good scope for further ground water development
through tubewells. The tubewell may be constructed between 100 and 150 mbgl after
carrying out hydrogeological studies. The weathered portion may be cased by 9" pipe
and further drilling should be carried out in hard rock by using different size of button
bits in telescopic manner (8½", 6½" & 6" dia) that will be uncased naked hole.

5.2 WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURE & ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE:

In Lalitpur district, number of tanks, ponds and reservoirs had been
constructed taking advantage of the typical physiography and drainage by
constructing dams across the major and minor streams, with an objective to store
water for irrigational and domestic purposes. Some famous and important reservoirs
are Matatila dam, Rajgarh dam, Shahzad dam and Sajnam dam. Most of these
reservoirs suffers from seepage losses due to the fractured nature of Bundelkhand
granite and gneisses over these have been constructed.
Hence water conservation and artificial recharge scheme may be taken up in
the district by way of constructing check dams, nala bounding, subsurface dyke and
percolation tanks etc. to check the declining water level trend through ground water
recharge and water conservation.

6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES & PROBLEMS

6.1 DRILLING PROBLEMS:

First problem is that in highly fractured granite there are instances of borehole
collapsing due to fractured granites. In these boreholes casing is not possible. The

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second problem is that due to higher discharge and back pressure DTH drilling could
not be possible to continue down to required depths. The district has different
lithological units. Hence the combination rigs (Rotary cum DTH) are suitable for
constructing successful deep tubewells.

6.2 RISK TO NATURAL DISASTER:

As we know that the district Lalitpur lies in the belt of drought prone regions
of Uttar Pradesh. The life of the habitants become miserable when the water supply
sources like dugwells, ponds & tanks etc. get dry due to failure of monsoon.

7.0 AWARENESS & TRAINING ACTIVITY

WATER MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME:

The ground water management training programme was organised by CGWB,
in Lalitpur district on 31.01.2006 at District Magistrate Auditorium, Lalitpur. The
chief guest was C.D.O. Lalitpur. The theme of training was awareness about the
ground water problems of the hard rock areas and its solution by way of "Artificial
Recharge and Conservation of Water". The training was well attended by about 200
persons, involved officials, Gram Pradhan, Gram Sewak, active persons, teachers &
students. In this training lectures were delivered by the scientist of CGWB, NR,
Lucknow on various techniques of artificial recharge and various methods of water
conservation

8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

(i) Construction of large dia wells with infiltration galleries across the strike.
(ii) Construction of shallow to moderate deep tubewell with the help of imageries
and hydrogeological / Geophysical investigations.
(iii) Construction of sub-surface dams in selected areas to arrest the discharge into
major & minor rivers.

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(iv) Construction of small tanks, bandhs, check dams and reservoirs at suitable
sites perticularly in the run-off area with the aim to check the surface water,
run-off store water and to reduce the soil erosion.
(v) Proper utilisation of natural barrier e.g. quartz reefs, hillocks etc. for the
development of surface water reservoirs.
(vi) Promotion of surface water irrigation system e.g. canals network and
conjunctive use of surface water and ground water resources for agricultural
purposes.
(vii) Desiltation of existing reservoirs and lakes at proper time. The reservoir
siltation problem needs immediate attention.
(viii) Afforestration Programmes should be promoted in the area to reduce surface
run-off and ultimately enhance ground water recharge.
(ix) Promotion of modern techniques of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation
system for cash / high input crops in the undulating agriculturable areas with
the basic aim of judicious scientific utilisation of irrigation water.

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