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Strengthening your concept Question Bank:Function
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CLASS XII BOARD PATTERN TOPIC: Function

Date:04-03-2023

Relation and Functions

TYPE-I Problems based on types of functions

Let f : A→ Bbe the given function.
I. How to test whether f is one-one or many one:
1. Let x1, x2 be arbitrary elements of A.
Let f(x1) = f(x2)
If f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2 only, then f is one-one, otherwise f is many-one.
2. Check whether there are two distinct elements a and b belonging to domain A such that f(a) = f(b). If so
then f is a many-one function and if not then no conclusion can be drawn.
3. Take a suitable point in the domain say a.
Let f(x) = f(a)
If f(x) = f(a)  x = a and also x = some element b of A other than a.
then f(a) = f(b), where a  b and hence f is many-one.
II. How to test whether f is onto:
1. (i)Let y be an arbitrary element of B.
(ii)Let y = f(x) and from this find x in terms of y.
(iii)If for any y  B, the corresponding value of x does not belong to A, then f is not onto and if for all
y  B, x  A, then f is onto.
2. Alternative method: Find the range of function f. If range f = codomain f then function f is onto
function, otherwise it is into function.

YAAD RAKH LE
If n(A)=n and n(B)=m then number of function from A to B is mn and number of one one function is mPn

If n(A)=n and n(B)=2 then number of onto function is 2n-2

If n(A)=n(B)=n then every one one function is onto and vice versa. Number of 1-1 function =Number of onto
function = n!

Q1 Check whether the function h: R → R defined by h(x) = |2x – 5|is an injective function.
Solution: The given function i.e., h: R → R isdefined by
h(x) = |2x – 5|
It can be observed that 5, 0 ∈R (considering domain). Hence, we have
h(5) = |2 × 5 – 5| = |10 – 5| = 5
h(0) = |2 × 0 – 5| = |0 – 5| = 5
h(5) = h(0).
Hence, the given function i.e., h(x) is not an injective function.
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 2

Q2 Check whether the function f: R → R defined by f(x) = x5 + 4 is a bijective function.

Solution: We know that a function is bijective if it is both one-one and onto.
Now, let x1, x2∈R such that f (x1) = f (x2). Accordingly,
f (x1) = f (x2)
 x15 + 4 = x25 + 4
 x15 = x25
 x1 = x2
Therefore, the function f is a one-one function.
1
It is clear that for every y ∈R, there exists ( y − 4 ) 5 ∈R such that
5
 1
  1

f ( y − 4 ) 5  = ( y − 4 ) 5  + 4 = ( y − 4 ) + 4 = y
   
Therefore, the function f is an onto function.
Hence, the given function f is a bijective function.
n + 1
 2 , ifn is odd
Q3. Let f: N → N be defined by f(n) =  for all n N.
 n , if n is even
 2
State whether the function f is bijective. Justify your answer.

n + 1
 2 , ifn is odd
Sol. f: N → N is defined as f(n) =  for all n N.
 n , if n is even
 2
It can be observed that:
1+1 2
f(1) = = 1 and f(2) = = 1 [By definition of f]
2 2
 f(1) = f(2), where 1  2.
 f is not one-one.
Consider a natural number (n) in co-domain N.
Case I: n is odd
n = 2r + 1 for some r ∈ N. Then, there exists 4r + 1∈N such that
4r + 1 + 1
f(4r + 1) = = 2r + 1
2
Case II: n is even
4r
n = 2r for some r ∈ N. Then,there exists 4r ∈N such that f(4r) = = 2r .
2
 f is onto.
Hence, f is not a bijective function.

Q4 Consider f: R+ → [−5, ) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x − 5. Show that f is invertible

Sol One One Let f(x1)=f(x2)

Which means 9x12 +6x1-5=9x22+6x2-5 => 9(x12-x22)+6(x1-x2)=0 => (x1-x2)(9(x1-x2)+6)=0 => x1=x2 or 9(x1-x2)=-6 which
is not possible and x1 and x2 are positive numbers . So x1=x2
f: R+ → [−5, ) is given as f(x) = 9x2 + 6x − 5.
Let y be an arbitrary element of [−5, ).
Let y = 9x2 + 6x − 5.
 y = (3x + 1)2 − 1 − 5 = (3x + 1)2 − 6
 (3x + 1)2 = y + 6
 3x + 1 = y + 6 ----(1)
 Now use x  0 means y + 6 − 1  0 (from (1) so y  −5

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 3

 f is onto, thereby range f = [−5,  ).

Try IT
x + 1, if x is odd
Q1 Show that f : N → N given by f(x)  is both one-one and onto
x − 1, if x is even

x
Q2 Show that function f: R → {x∈R: −1 <x< 1} defined by f(x) = , x ∈R is one-one and onto function. [2016]
1+ x [2024 SQP CBSE]
x
Q3. Show that the function f : R → R defined by f (x) = 2
,  x ∈ R , is neither one-one nor onto. [2018 ]
x +1

Q4. The domain of the function f : R → R defined by f (x) = x 2 − 3x + 2 is __________. [EXEMPLAR]

(– ∞, 1] ∪ [2, ∞)

Q5. Let the function f : R → R be defined by f (x) = cos x, ∀ x ∈ R. Show that f is neither one-one nor onto

Q6. Let f : [2, ∞) → R be the function defined by f (x) = x2 – 4x + 5, then the range of f is
(A) R (B) [1, ∞) (C) [4, ∞) (D) [5, ∞) {EXEMPLAR]

Q7 Domain of the function f (x) = 4 − x 2 .

(A) [–2, 2] (B) [–2, 0] (C) [0, 2] (D) [–2, 2]

Q8 The graph of function y = x2 is.

y y y y

o
(A) x' x (B) x' x(C) x' o x (D) x' o x
o

y' y' y' y'

x −1
Q9 What is the range of the function f ( x ) = ?
( x − 1)
2023
Q10. Assertion (A) : The number of onto functions from a set P containing 5 elements to a set Q containing 2
elements is 30.
Reason (R) : Number of onto functions from a set containing m elements to a set containing n elements is
nm .
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Q11. A function f :[−4, 4] → [0, 4] is given by f (x) = 16 − x 2 . Show that f is an onto function but not a
one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘a’ for which f (a) = 7 . 2023

5x − 3 2023
12.Show that a function: f : R → R defined as f (x) = is both one-one and onto.
4
13.Prove that a function f : [0, ) → [−5, ) defined as f (x) = 4 x + 4x − 5 is both one-one and onto.
2

2023
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 4

 1 1 x
14.Check whether a function f : R →  − ,  defined as f (x) = is one-one and onto or not. 2023
 2 2 1 + x2

15 Find the maximum and minimum values of the function given by f (x) = 5 + sin 2x. 2023
 4 4x
16 Let f : − −  → be a function defined as f (x) = . Show that f is a one-one function. Also, check
 3 3x + 4
2023
whether f is an onto function or not.

Additional and SQP Problems

17 A function f : R - {-1, 1} -> R is defined by:
[2024 ADD QB]

i) Check if f is one-one.
ii) Check if f is onto.

Show your work.

18

Based on the above function, two statements are given below - one labelled Assertion (A)
and the other labelled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that
correctly describes statements (A) and (R).

Assertion (A): The function f is not onto.

Reason (R): 3 ∈ R (co-domain of f) has no pre-image in the domain of f.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 5

4) (– ∞, 1] ∪ [2, ∞) 6)B 7)A 8)B 10C 11)3, -3 14) Onto Many one 15)6, 4 16)Into

17)not one one , 18c

onto

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