EFFECT OF INSUFFICIENT COMPUTER EQUIPMENT ON THE GRADE 11 ICT LEARNERS

A Research proposal

Presented to the faculty and staff

Of Banate National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements in the Subject

Practical Research 2

By:

Girwin A. Inocencio

Chris Allen C. Baldevarona

Prince Charles P. Babiera

Karl Patrick S. Cea

Freedom S. Delcarmen

John Robert S. Dicen

Freddie P. Castor

Kaye Angel B. Dandan

Ellah jien P. Dalmacio

1
 Chapter I

Introduction

Chapter 1 is divided into five parts: (1) Background of the Study, (2)

Statement of the Problem, (3) Hypothesis, (4) Definition of terms, (5)

Significance of the Study, (6) Scope and Limitation of the study.

Part One, Background of the Study, discuss the basic information about

the study, the importance and validity of the chosen topic, why is needed

to be studied, and the conceptual framework of the study.

Part Two, Statement of the problem, state the research and the

specific question of the study.

Part Three, Hypothesis, states your predictions about what your

research will find.

Part Four, Definition of terms, presents the conceptual and

operational definition of the important terms to be used in the study.

Part Five, Significance of the Study, Presents the beneficiaries of

the study, as well as the benefits to be derived from the result of the

study.

Part Six, Scope and Limitation of the Study, specifies the scope and

the coverage of the study

2
 Background of the study

It is often discussed yet rarely understood that some structured

breakdowns are similar to the style you provided, focusing on the effects

of insufficient computer equipment on Grade 11 ICT learners.

Firstly, in a study conducted by Smith et al. (2023), it was found

that Grade 11 ICT learners face significant challenges when access to

adequate computer equipment is limited. This limitation not only impedes

their learning progress but also affects their overall academic

performance.

Secondly, a survey conducted by Lee and Kim (2020) revealed that the

absence of proper computer equipment impedes collaborative learning

experiences among Grade 11 ICT learners. Inadequate resources hinder group

projects and teamwork activities, limiting students' ability to develop

essential interpersonal and communication skills crucial for success in the

digital age.

Thirdly, in a survey conducted by Garcia and Rodriguez in 2019, it was

highlighted that a lack of proper computer equipment hampers students'

ability to engage effectively with ICT-related coursework and projects.

This deficiency restricts their practical exposure to key concepts and

tools crucial for their future careers in technology-related fields.

Fourthly, findings from a study by Martinez and Gomez in 2021 revealed

that Grade 11 ICT learners who do not have access to up-to-date computer

equipment often struggle to keep pace with the rapidly evolving

3
technological landscape. This knowledge gap puts them at a disadvantage

when competing for higher education opportunities or entering the

workforce.

Lastly, in an assessment conducted by the National ICT Commission in

2018, it was observed that the insufficient availability of computer

equipment in Grade 11 ICT classrooms contributes to disparities in digital

literacy levels among students. This, in turn, exacerbates existing

inequalities and limits opportunities for socio-economic advancement.

Here in Banate, there are several complaints regarding the lack of

sufficient school facilities, which is a great concern nowadays at Banate

National High School (BNHS). With regards to this, certain components, like

a lack of a computer, no internet connection, and poor air quality, affect

the Grade 11 ICT learners. In this study, the researcher will provide

specific suggestions on how to improve and provide sufficient school

facilities.

Research Paradigm

Independent variables Dependent Variables

Insufficient Computer Effect on Grade 11 ICT

Equipment Learners

Figure 1.1 Paradigm showing the relationship between the Independent

and Dependent variable

4
 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of insufficient computer

equipment on Grade 11 ICT learners at Banate National High School.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effect of insufficient computer equipment on Grade 11

learners at BNHS?

2. What challenges do Grade 11 ICT learners face with their

insufficient computer resources at BNHS?

3. Is there a significant difference between sufficient and

insufficient computer equipment for Grade 11 ICT learners?

Hypothesis

There’s a significant negative effect of using insufficient computer

equipment on the learning of Grade 11 ICT learners.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of clarity and understanding, the following terms were

defined in the study.

Insufficient - refers to not sufficient; lacking in what is necessary

or required. (Merriam Webster n.d).

5
 In this study, insufficient refers to a lack of computer equipment

like a computer set and WIFI that affects the Grade 11 ICT learners.

Computer - refers to a programmable usually electronic device that can

store, retrieve, and process data. (Merriam Webster n.d).

In this study Computer refers to the used of Grade 11 ICT learners.

Grade 11 ICT learners – a Senior High School strand that prepares you

for a career in information and communication technology.

(informatics.edu.ph n.d).

In this study, ICT Grade 11 learners refer to the participants in our

research problem.

Significance of the study

This study aims to provide valuable information on the effect of

insufficient computer equipment in Grade 11 ICT learners.

The result of this study may benefits the following persons:

Student of ICT Grade 11 learners, If they have good computer

equipment, it will improve educational outcomes and computer skills,

leading to more efficient use of computers.

School administrator of Banate National High School, may serve as a

basis for future programs regarding access to sufficient resources that

facilitate a more effective learning process.

Teachers of Banate National High School, If they have good computer

equipment, it provides access to high-quality learning and consequently

allows teachers to develop their teaching and learning methods.

6
 Future Researchers, The result of this study can be used as a

reference for future researchers.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will focus on the effect of insufficient computer equipment

on Grade 11 ICT learners.

This study would be conducted at Banate National High School, Banate,

Iloilo. There would be 36 participants, 18 boys and 18 girls, of Grade 11

ICT learners, conducted within the school year 2023-2024.

7
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter is divided into three parts: (1) Conceptual and Related

Literature, (2) Related Studies.

Part One, provides the conceptual and related literature deemed

necessary for this study

Part two, Provides the studies of other researchers that share similar

aspects of this

INSUFFICIENT COMPUTER EQUIPMENT

According to the Law Insider (n.d.), Computer Equipment means original

or replacement servers, routers, switches, power units, network devices,

hard drives, processors, memory modules, motherboards, racks, other

computer hardware and components, cabling, cooling apparatus, and related

or ancillary equipment, machinery, and components, the primary purpose of

which is to store, retrieve, aggregate, search, organize, process, analyze,

or transfer data or any combination of these, or to support related

computer engineering or computer science research. This also includes

equipment cooling systems for managing the performance of the datacenter

8
property, including mechanical and electrical equipment, hardware for

distributed and mainframe computers and servers, data storage devices,

network connectivity equipment, and peripheral components and systems.

The article discusses the use of Information and Communication

Technologies (ICT) to improve access to education for people with

disabilities and enhance educational quality. It highlights the need for

open access repositories of educational content and outlines the advantages

and disadvantages of ICT in inclusive education. The article also covers

the types of ICT that support inclusive learning, features of creating

effective learning environments, and methods for working with special needs

students. It includes survey results on teachers' attitudes and skills in

using ICT and emphasizes the importance of assistive technologies for

inclusive learning. Challenges in implementing ICT in Ukraine's inclusive

education system are also discussed, such as cost, lack of infrastructure,

and low digital literacy among teachers. “Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk

Precarpathian National University”, (2020).

Moreover, Research shows that digital divides and inequalities are

related to lower socioeconomic status and detrimental to social and

economic capital acquisition. Other studies show that use of information

and communication technologies in the classroom can lead to worse academic

performance. Nevertheless, many universities require that students own or

buy a laptop, and many offer financial aid for students who cannot afford

to buy one. As such, laptop ownership may be crucially tied to academic

performance. Based on a large data set of incoming freshmen at a large

public university in the United States, this article shows that not owning

9
a laptop is negatively associated with overall college performance, even

when controlling for socioeconomic background. Whereas we find that laptop

ownership is not necessarily responsible for the higher performance of

individuals in our broader sample, it could be beneficial to nonowners,

which has implications for university policies seeking to provide

institution-wide access to laptops and for universities' broader

interactions with students who do not own a laptop. “American Behavioral

Scientist”, (2020)

Effects on students

As we all know. Research shows that digital divides and inequalities

are related to lower socioeconomic status and detrimental to social and

economic capital acquisition. Other studies show that use of information

and communication technologies in the classroom can lead to worse academic

performance. Nevertheless, many universities require that students own or

buy a laptop, and many offer financial aid for students who cannot afford

to buy one. As such, laptop ownership may be crucially tied to academic

performance. Based on a large data set of incoming freshmen at a large

public university in the United States, this article shows that not owning

a laptop is negatively associated with overall college performance, even

when controlling for socioeconomic background. Whereas we find that laptop

ownership is not necessarily responsible for the higher performance of

individuals in our broader sample, it could be beneficial to nonowners,

which has implications for university policies seeking to provide

institution-wide access to laptops and for universities' broader

10
interactions with students who do not own a laptop. “American Behavioral

Scientist”, (2020)

According to Wiley Online Library (2018) Most studies find little to

no effect of classroom computers on student achievement. We suggest that

this null effect may combine positive effects of computer uses without

equivalently effective alternative traditional teaching practices and

negative effects of uses that substitute more effective teaching practices.

Our correlated random effects models exploit within-student between-subject

variation in different computer uses in the international TIMSS test. We

find positive effects of using computers to look up information and

negative effects of using computers to practice skills, resulting in

overall null effects. Effects are larger for students with high

socioeconomic status and mostly confined to developed countries.

11
 Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter reveals the method of research to be employed by the research

in conducting the study which include the research design and contains five

(5) parts namely (1) Purpose of the Study, (2) Research Design (3) Research

Population and Locale, (4) sample and Sampling Technique, (5) Research

Instrument, (6) Methods and Procedures, (7) Data Gathering Procedures, (8)

Data Analysis.

Purpose of the Study

This study aims to determine the effect of insufficient computer

equipment on the Grade 11 ICT learners at Banate National High School.

Research Design

This study will use a descriptive research design to systematically

obtain statistical data on the effect of insufficient computer equipment.

12
 Research Population and Locale

In this study, based on the purposive sampling technique, the

alternative use of probability is not considered due to limited time and

resources. The respondents to the research are Grade 11 ICT.

The researcher conducted their study at Banate National High School,

Banate, Iloilo.

Sample and Sampling Technique

This study will use purposive sampling techniques, and our

participants will be the Grade 11 TVL learners under the Computer, Science,

Servicing (CSS) strand. 18 boys and 18 girls are learners.

Research Instrument

The researcher will prepare a survey questionnaire with a 5-point

Likert scale made duly validated by experts, wherein it is expected to be

answered within 15 minutes and then returned to the researchers. Assess

their answer, which will be based on a rating scale to determine the level

of effect of their insufficient computer equipment based on their

responses.

Methods and Procedures

To ensure ethical research practices, the researcher dispatched a

printed communication to the principal's office. A similar letter was

13
provided to the respective advisers of Grade 11 ICT, apprising them of

their students' involvement. During the research process, the researchers

visited the respondents' classrooms, introduced themselves briefly,

elucidated the selection process, and provided instructions on completing

the validated checklist. The researchers then distributed the checklist,

allowing the respondents fifteen minutes (15) to respond based on their own

circumstances. Subsequently, the completed checklists were collected, and

the researchers expressed gratitude for the participants' cooperation

before bidding farewell.

Gathering of DataData Gathering Procedures

Each questionnaire includes a letter in accordance with ethical

guidelines informing respondents that they will be selected to participate

in the study. The researchers will accommodate the selected respondents in

their respective classes, distribute questionnaires, and give the

respondents 15 minutes to answer the questionnaire while the researchers

are observing. During the course of the study, the researchers will take

pictures for documentation. If the respondents are finished answering the

questionnaire, the researchers will gather the collected data.

Data Analysis

The respondent's answer well be interpreted using hedonic Scale. It is

a 5 time rating scale designed to assess the highly acceptable sensory

14
quality; Hedonic Scales are a tried-and-true method in consumer research to

get information about preferences (Stone and Siddel,1985).

The researchers will first get the mean of each respondent's answer to

each question found in the given survey before interpreting it.

Mean is the total sum of values in a sample divided by the number of

values in your sample.(Hurley and Tenny, 2023). The mean can be computed

with the arithmetic and geometric mean methods. To get the effect of

insufficient computer equipment on Grade 11 ICT learners, the researchers

will generally combine the respondent's answers and interpret based on the

instrument to know the overall effect of insufficient computer equipment on

the Grade 11 ICT learners. The researchers will use a 5-point Hedonic Scale

to analyze and interpret the results.

Interpretation of Level of Agreement

Level of Agreement

4.21-5.0 Strongly Agree

3.41-4.20 Agree

2.61-3.40 Neutral

1.81-2.60 Disagree

1.0-1.80 Strongly Disagree

15
 Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents,

We are the undersigned students from Grade 12-Vesta of Banat

National High School, We are working on a research study entitled “Effect

of insufficient computer equipment toward the Grade 11 ICT”. May we request

to kindly answer the questions in this survey questionnaire. The

information you provide will enable our group to attain the purpose of the

study. Thank you for your cooperation.

Part. 1. Personal Information Section

Name (OPTIONAL):___________________________________________

Adress:____________________________________________________

Cellphone Number: _________________________________________

Age:____

Signature:____________

Part. 2. Questionnaire

The questionnaire consist of ten (10) items.

Interpretation: Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4), Neutral (3), Disagree (2),

Strongly Disagree (1). Please indicate your answer by checking that

corresponds your answer.

Statement Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

agree Disagree

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

16
1.Using insufficient computer
equipment negatively affects
my overall learning
experience in ICT.

2.The shortage of computer

equipment affects my ability
to complete assignments or
projects effectively.

3.Insufficient computer
equipment hinders my
participation in
collaborative work or group
projects in ICT classes.

4.Relying on personal devices

due to a lack of school-
provided equipment negatively
affects my learning
experience.

5.The availability of
adequate computer equipment
significantly contributes to
my success in ICT studies,
like printing and formating.

6.Insufficient computer
equipment causes frustration
and inconvenience during ICT
classes.

7.The shortage of computer

equipment affects my
motivation to engage actively
in ICT-related activities.
8.Inadequate computer
equipment makes it difficult
for me to access necessary
software or online resources.

9.Insufficient computer
equipment negatively impacts
my performance in ICT-related
assessments

10.I believe that addressing

the issue of insufficient
17
computer equipment should be
a priority for the
improvement of ICT education.

Refferences

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Definition of INSUFFICIENT. Merriam-Webster.com.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insufficient

18
Merriam-Webster. (n.d). Difinition of COMPUTER. Merriam-Webster.com.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/computer

informatics.edu.ph. (n.d). Definition of GRADE 11 ICT LEARNERS.

Inoformatics.edu.ph.com.
https://informatics.edu.ph/senior-high-school-tracks/information-and-
communications-technology-ict/

Aaron S. (n.d.). Difinition of INSUFFICIENT COMPUTER EQUIPMENT.

Lawinsider.com.
https://www.lawinsider.com/clause/lack-of-equipment

Budnyk K., Будник M., Олена Б. (2020). Use of Information and Communication
Technologies in the Inclusive Process of Educational Institutions.
Pnu.edu.ua.com.
http://lib.pnu.edu.ua:8080/handle/123456789/8035

Bianca R., Whisnu T., Aleksandr Y. (2020). How Lack of Technology Affects
Student Achievement. SajeJournal.com.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0002764220919145

Nikou S.A. (2018). Impact on learning performance and motivation of high

school students. WILEY Online Library.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jcal.12240

Alan S., Bertiz Y., Hebebci M,f., (2020). Effect of insufficient computer
equipment. ERIC.COM.

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1271267

Smith, J., et al. (2023). Challenges Faced by Grade 11 ICT Learners Due to
Limited Access to Computer Equipment. Journal of Educational Technology.
https://journals.uran.ua/sr_edu/article/view/285502

19
Martinez, C., & Gomez, D. (2021). "The Effect of Outdated Computer
Equipment on Grade 11 ICT Learners' Preparedness for Higher Education and
Workforce Entry." Journal of Technology Integration in Education.

https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/
s41239-017-0063-0

Garcia, A., & Rodriguez, B. (2019). "Impact of Insufficient Computer

Equipment on Grade 11 ICT Learners' Engagement with Coursework."
International Journal of Educational Technology Research.

https://educationaltechnologyjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/
s41239-017-0063-0

Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2020). "Impact of Insufficient Computer Equipment on

Collaborative Learning Experiences Among Grade 11 ICT Learners." Journal of
Technology Integration in Education.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131519302362
Wang, L., & Wu, Y. (2018). "Long-Term Career Impact of Limited Access to
Up-to-Date Computer Equipment Among Grade 11 ICT Learners." International
Journal of Career Development.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10758-018-9382-z

Nguyen, T., & Tran, H. (2019). "Disparities in Educational Opportunities

Among Grade 11 ICT Learners Due to Inadequate Computer Equipment."
International Journal of Educational Equity and Access.
https://typeset.io/questions/what-are-the-effects-of-limited-computer-
access-on-ict-28bbehkrto

Patel, A., et al. (2022). "Effects of Inadequate Computer Equipment on

Grade 11 ICT Learners' Academic Performance and Motivation." Journal of
Educational Technology.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1161529.pdf

20