ARJUNA

for

JEE
PHYSICS
Full Course Study Material XI

MODULE–3
 CHAPTER

11 Rotational Motion

From the discussion in the preceding paragraph it is clear that

RIGID BODY location of entire body is known if we know the location of single
particle such as P. Thus for kinematical purposes we need only
A system of particles is said to be a rigid body if distance between
consider the circular motion of a single particle.
any two particles of the body remains constant no matter what
The angular displacement point of particle is q and the angular
force is applied on it. Remember, rigid body is an idealized
concept. No body is perfectly rigid but many body come close to dθ
velocity ω is given by ω = .
it. An iron rod, steel ball, stone etc, are almost rigid bodies. dt
Up until now, we dealt with translation motion of particles or of If the angular velocity is not constant then the particle will have
rigid bodies. A rigid body, however, can also rotate. dω
angular acceleration denoted by a and is equal to α = .
Kinematics of rotation about a fixed axis dt
We shall now consider rotational motion of a rigid body about an The dimension of angular velocity w and angular acceleration a
axis fixed in an inertial frame. (see Fig.) are rad/sec and rad/sec2 respectively.
The rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis has a direct
Z
correspondence to the translation motion of a particle along a
fixed direction. The kinematics variable in the translation case
are x, v and a while in case of rotation they are q, w and a. The
correspondence is
P
x→q
v→w
a→a
Y If the rigid body has constant angular acceleration, we can derive
the following formulae in direct analogy to translation motion.
X ω f = ωi + αt ...(i)
θ − θ = ω t + 1/ 2αt 2 ...(ii)
Let P represent an arbitrary particle in the rigid body described f i i

by the position vector r . A rigid body moves in pure rotation, if ω f − ωi = 2α ( θ f − θi ) ...(iii)
2 2

every particle of the body moves in a circle, the centers of which where the subscript i & f correspond to initial and final values.
are on a straight line called the axis of rotation (the z-axis in this
The linear velocity of the particle P is wr and its tangential and
figure). If we draw a perpendicular from any point in the body to
centripetal acceleration are ar and w2r respectively.
the axis, each such line will sweep through the same angle in any
The angular velocity and angular acceleration are actually vector
given time interval as another such line. Therefore, we can describe
the pure rotation of rigid body by considering the motion of any quantities. We are able to treat them as scalar quantities because
one of the particles. we consider rotation about a fixed axis of rotation. But if the axis
Let us pass a plane through P at right angles to the axis of rotation. of rotation is changing direction then we will have to take their
The circle in which particle P moves lies on the X-Y plane (see Fig.) vector nature into consideration.

Y The magnitude of angular velocity ω is dq/dt’ but its direction is
along the axis of rotation. By convention, if the fingers of right
hand curl around the axis of rotation in the direction of rotation

of the body , the extended thumb points out in the direction ω . In
P 
r Fig. (1) the direction of ω is in the +ve Z-direction. If the body

O
X was rotating in the clock wise direction then its direction will be
along the+ve Z axis.

Note : Nothing moves in the direction of ω as opposed to the linear

velocity v in translatory motion which points in the direction of
motion.
 Exercise-1 (Topicwise)

ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND 8. A body is in pure rotation. The linear speed v of a particle,
the distance r of the particle from the axis and the angular
ACCELERATION v
velocity ω of the body are related as ω = . Thus-
1. The shaft of a motor rotates at a constant angular velocity r
of 3000 rpm. The radians it has turned in 1 sec are 1
(a) ω ∝
(a) 1000 π (b) 100 π r
(b) ω ∝ r
(c π (d) 10 π
(c) ω = 0
2. The angular speed of secondhand of a clock is
(d) ω is independent of r.
(a) (1/60) rad/s (b) (π/60) rad/s
(c) (2π/60) rad/s (d) (360/60) rad/s
MOMENT OF INERTIA
3. Two bodies of mass 10 kg and 5 kg moving in concentric
9. Four masses are fixed on a massless rod as shown in fig.
orbits of radius r1 and r2such that their periods are same.
The moment of inertia about the axis P is nearly
The ratio of centripetal accelerations is
P
(a) r1/r2 (b) r2/r1
(c) (r1/r2)3 (d) (r2/r1)2 2 kg 5 kg 5 kg 2 kg

4. A wheel starts rotating from rest and attains an angular 0.2m 0.2m 0.2m 0.2m
velocity of 60 rad/sec in 5 seconds. The total angular
displacement in radians will be- (a) 2 kg m2
(a) 60 (b) 80 (b) 1 kg m2
(c) 100 (d) 150 (c) 0.5 kg m2
5. Figure shows a small wheel fixed coaxially on a bigger one (d) 0.3 kg m2
of double the radius. The system rotates uniformly about the 10. By the theorem of perpendicular axes, if a body be in X–Z-
common axis. The strings supporting A and B do not slip on plane then :-
the wheels. If x and y be the distances travelled by A and B
(a) Ix – Iy = Iz
in the same time interval, then-
(b) Ix + Iz = Iy
(c) Ix + Iy = Iz
(d) Iy + Iz = Ix
11. The axis X and Z in the plane of a disc are mutually
A perpendicular and Y-axis is perpendicular to the plane of
B the disc. If the moment of inertia of the body about X and Y
(a) x = 2y (b) x = y axes is respectively 30 kg m2 and 40 kg m2 then M .I. about
(c) y = 2x (d) None of these Z-axis in kg m2 will be :
(a) 70
6. The linear and angular acceleration of a particle are
10 m /sec2 and 5 rad/sec2 respectively It will be at a distance (b) 50
from the axis of rotation. (c) 10
1 (d) Zero
(a) 50 m (b) m
2 12. Two rods each of mass m and length  are joined at the centre
(c) 1 m (d) 2 m to form a cross. The moment of inertia of this cross about
7. A particle is moving with a constant angular velocity about an axis passing through the common centre of the rods and
an exterior axis. Its linear velocity will depend upon - perpendicular to the plane formed by them, is :
(a) perpendicular distance of the particle form the axis m 2 m 2
(a) (b)
(b) the mass of particle 12 6
(c) angular acceleration of the particle m 2 m 2
(c) (d)
(d) the linear acceleration of particle 3 2

36 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

13. For the same total mass which of the following will have the X
largest moment of inertia about an axis passing through the
centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane of the body
(a) A disc of radius a
(b) A ring of radius a
(c) A square lamina of side 2a X'
(d) Four rods forming a square of side 2a
7 14
14. The moment of inertia of a thin uniform circular disc about (a) MR2 (b) MR2
2 5
one of the diameters is I. Its moment of inertia about an axis
perpendicular to the plane of disc and passing through its 16 21
(c) MR2 (d) MR2
centre is 5 5
21. The moment of inertia of a square lamina about the
(a) ( )
2 I (b) 2I perpendicular axis through its centre of mass is 20 kg-m2.
(c) I/2 (d) I / 2 Then the moment of inertia about an axis touching its side
15. The moment of inertia of a uniform semicircular wire of and in the plane of the lamina will be :-
mass M and radius r about a line perpendicular to the plane (a) 10 kg-m2 (b) 30 kg-m2
of the wire through the centre is (c) 40 kg-m 2 (d) 25 kg-m2
(a) Mr2 22. Three rings, each of mass P and radius Q are arranged
1 2 as shown in the figure. The moment of inertia of the
(b) Mr
2 arrangement about YY’ axis will be-
1 2 Y
(c) Mr 1 2
4
Q Q
2 2
(d) Mr P P
5
16. The density of a rod AB increases linearly from A to B. Its Q
midpoint is O and its centre of mass is at C. Four axes pass
through A, B, O and C, all perpendicular to the length of the P
3
rod. The moments of inertia of the rod about these axes are Y'
IA, IB, IO and IC respectively.
7
(a) IA > IB (b) IA< IB (a) PQ2
2
(c) IO= IC (d) IO < IC 2
(b) PQ2
17. A stone of mass 4 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 7
1m and makes 2 rev/sec. The moment of inertia of the stone 2
about the axis of rotation is- (c) PQ2
5
(a) 64 kg × m2 5
(b) 4 kg × m2 (d) PQ2
2
(c) 16 kg × m2 23. The moment of inertia of a rod of mass M and length L about
(d) 1 kg × m2 an axis passing through one edge and perpendicular to its
length will be:
18. In an arrangement four particles, each of mass 2 gram are
situated at the coordinate points (3, 2, 0), (1, –1, 0), (0, 0, 0) ML2 ML2
(a) (b)
and (–1, 1, 0). The moment of inertia of this arrangement 12 6
about the Z- axis will be-
ML2
(a) 8 units (b) 16 units (c) (d) ML2
3
(c) 43 units (d) 34 units
24. Three thin uniform rods each of mass M and length L and
19. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of the same mass have
the same M.I. about their respective diameters. The ratio of placed along the three axis of a Cartesian coordinate system
their radii will be : with one end of each rod at the origin. The M.I. of the system
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3: 5 about z-axis is-
(c) 5: 3 (d) 5 : 4 ML2 2 ML2
(a) (b)
20. Three solid spheres of mass M and radius R are shown in 3 3
the figure. The moment of inertia of the system about XX’ ML2
(c) (d) ML2
axis wil be: 6
P Rotational Motion 37
W
25. Four particles each of mass m are placed at the corners of a FIXED AXIS ROTATION + TOPPLING
square of side length .The radius of gyration of he system
30. For a system to be in equilibrium, the torques acting on it
about an axis perpendicular to the square and passing
must balance. This is true only if the torques are taken about
through centre is:
(a) the centre of the system
 
(a) (b) (b) the centre of mass of the system
2 2 (c) any point on the system
(c)  (d)  2
(d) any point on the system or outside it
26. The M.I. of a thin rod of length  about the perpendicular 31. A rectangular block has a square base measuring a × a, and
axis through its centre is I. The M.I. of the square structure its height is h. It moves on a horizontal surface in a direction
made by four such rods about a perpendicular axis to the perpendicular to one of the edges h being vertical. The
plane and through the centre will be: coefficient of friction is µ. It will topple if
(a) 4 I (b) 8 I h a
(a) µ > (b) µ >
(c) 12 I (d) 16 I a h
27. The moment of inertia of a ring of mass M and radius R 2a a
(c) µ > (d) µ >
about PQ axis will be : h 2h
D P ( ) (
32. Aforce of 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ Newton acts at a point 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4kˆ )
M metre from the origin. The magnitude of torque is -
(a) zero (b) 24.4 N-m
R (c) 0.244 N-m (d) 2.444 N-m
O O'
33. Rate of change of angular momentum with respect to time
is proportional to :
(a) angular velocity (b) angular acceleration
D' Q (c) moment of inertia (d) torque
34. When constant torque is acting on a body then :
MR 2
(a) MR2 (b) (a) body maintain its state or moves in straight line with
2 same velocity
(c) 3/2MR2 (d) 2MR2 (b) acquire linear acceleration
28. Four point masses (each of mass m) are arranged in the (c) acquire angular acceleration
X – Y plane the moment of inertia of this array of masses (d) rotates with a constant angular velocity
about Y-axis is 35. If I = 50 kg-m2, then how much torque will be applied to
Y stop it in 10 sec. Its initial angular speed is 20 rad/sec.:
a (a,a)
(a) 100 N-m (b) 150 N-m
a (2a,0)
O a X (c) 200 N-m (d) 250 N-m
(0,0)
a 36. A particle is at a distance r from the axis of rotation. A given
(a,–a) torque τ produces some angular acceleration in it. If the mass
(a) ma2 (b) 2ma2 of the particle is doubled and its distance from the axis is
(c) 4ma2 (d) 6ma2 halved, the value of torque to produce the same angular
acceleration is -
29. An equilateral triangular wire frame is made from 3 rods
(a) τ/2 (b) τ
of equal mass and length  each. The frame is rotated about
(c) 2τ (d) 4τ
an axis perpendicular to the plane of the frame and passing
through its end. What is the radius of gyration of the frame?

ENERGY ANALYSIS
(a) 37. A ring of radius r and mass m rotates about an axis passing
2
trough its centre and perpendicular to its plane with angular
(b)  velocity ω. Its kinetic energy is
 1
(c) (a) mrω (b) mrω2
2 2
 1 2 2
(d) (c) mr2ω2 (d) mr ω
2 3 2

38 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

38. A rod of length L is hinged at one end. It is brought to a 44. A girl sits near the edge of a rotating circular platform. If
horizontal position and released. The angular velocity of the girl moves from circumference towards the centre of the
the rod when it is in vertical position is platform then the angular velocity of the platform will-
(a) 2g / L (b) 3g / L (a) decrease
g / 2L g/L (b) increase
(c) (d)
(c) remain same
39. Two bodies A and B having same angular momentum and
IA > IB, then the relation between (K.E.)A and (K.E.)B will be: (d) becomes zero
(a) (K.E.)A > (K.E.)B (b) (K.E.)A = (K.E.)B 45. Two wheels P and Q are mounted on the same axle. The
(c) (K.E.)A < (K.E.)B (d) (K.E.)A ≠ (K.E.)B moment of inertia of P is 6 kg-m2 and it is rotating at 600
rotations per minute and Q is at rest. If the two are joined
ANGULAR MOMENTUM by means of a clutch then they combined and rotate at 400
rotations per minute. The moment of inertia of Q will be -
40. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is rotating about
(a) 3 kg-m2 (b) 4 kg-m2
its axis with a constant angular velocity ω. Two objects, 2
each of mass m are attached gently to the opposite ends of a (c) 5 kg-m (d) 8 kg-m2
diameter of the ring. The wheel now rotates with an angular
velocity COMBINED ROTATION AND TRANSLATION
ωM ω ( M − 2m ) 46. If a spherical ball rolls on a table without slipping, the fraction
(a) ( + m)
M (b) ( M + 2m ) of its total kinetic energy associated with rotation is
ωM (a) 3/5 (b) 2/7
ω ( M + 2m )
(c) ( M + 2m ) (d) (c) 2/5 (d) 3/7
M
41. A rotating table completes one rotation is 10 sec. and its 47. The speed of a homogeneous solid sphere after rolling down
moment of inertia is 100 kg-m2. A person of 50 kg mass an inclined plane of vertical height h, from rest without
stands at the centre of the rotating table. If the person moves sliding is
2m. from the centre, the angular velocity of the rotating table
in rad/sec. will be:
(a) gh (b) ( g / 5) gh
(a)
2π
(b)
20π (c) ( 4 / 3) gh (d) (10 / 7)gh
30 30 48. The rotational kinetic energy of a body is E. In the absence
2π of external torque, if mass of the body is halved and radius
(c) (d) 2 π
3 of gyration doubled, then its rotational kinetic energy will
42. A circular hoop of mass m, and radius R rests flat on a be:
horizontal frictionless surface. A bullet, also of mass m, and
(a) 0.5 E (b) 0.25E
moving with a velocity v, strikes the hoop and gets embedded
in it. The thickness of the hoop is much smaller than R. The (c) E (d) 2E
angular velocity with which the system rotates after the bullet 49. A ring is rolling without slipping. Its energy of translation
strikes the hoop is is E. Its total kinetic energy will be :
m (a) E (b) 2E
R (c) 3E (d) 4E
50. One hollow and one solid cylinder of the same outer radius
rolls down on a rough inclined plane. The foot of the inclined
m v plane is reached by
v v (a) solid cylinder earlier
(a) (b)
4R 3R (b) hollow cylinder earlier
2v 3v (c) simultaneously
(c) (d)
3R 4R (d) the heavier earlier irrespective of being solid or hollow
43. A uniform heavy disc is rotating at constant angular velocity
(ω) about a vertical axis through its centre O. Some wax is 51. If a solid sphere, disc and cylinder are allowed to roll down
dropped gently on the disc. The angular velocity of the disc- an inclined plane from the same height
(a) does not change (a) cylinder will reach the bottom first
(b) increases (b) disc will reach the bottom first
(c) decreases (c) sphere will reach the bottom first
(d) becomes zero (d) all will reach the bottom at the same time

P Rotational Motion 39
W
52. A solid sphere rolls down without slipping two different (a) friction will act in the forward direction
inclined planes of the same height but of different inclinations (b) friction will act in the backward direction
(a) in both cases the speeds and time of descend will be (c) frictional force will not act
same (d) frictional force will be µ Mg.
(b) the speeds will be same but time of descend will be 55. A disc is rolling on an inclined plane without slipping then
different what fraction of its total energy will be in form of rotational
(c) the speeds will be different but time of descend will be kinetic energy:
same (a) 1 : 3
(d) speeds and time of descend both will be different (b) 1 : 2
53. A solid homogeneous sphere is moving on a rough horizontal (c) 2 : 7
surface, partly rolling and partly sliding. During this kind of (d) 2 : 5
motion of the sphere 56. A ring takes time t1 and t2 for sliding down and rolling down
(a) total kinetic energy is conserved an inclined plane of length L respectively for reaching the
(b) angular momentum of the sphere about the point of bottom. The ratio of t1 and t2 is :-
contact with the plane is conserved (a) 2:1
(c) only the rotational kinetic energy about the centre of (b) 1 : 2
mass is conserved (c) 1 : 2
(d) angular momentum about centre of mass is conversed (d) 2 : 1
54. A ring of mass M is kept on a horizontal rough surface. 57. A ladder rests against a frictionless vertical wall, with its
A force F is applied tangentially at its rim as shown. The upper end 6 m above the ground and the lower end 4 m away
coefficient of friction between the ring and the surface is µ. from the wall. The weight of the ladder is 500 N ad its C.G.
Then at 1/3rd distance from the lower end. Wall’s reaction will
F be, (in Newton)
(a) 111
(b) 333
(c) 222
f (d) 129

Exercise-2 (Learning Plus)

1. A fan is running at 3000 rpm. It is switched off. It comes to (c) IA >IB

rest by uniformly decreasing its angular speed in 10 seconds.
(d) relation between IA and IB depends on the actual
The total number of revolutions in this period.
shapes of the bodies.
(a) 150 (b) 250
4. A uniform thin rod of length L and mass M is bent at the
(c) 350 (d) 300
middle point O as shown in figure. Consider an axis passing
2. The moment of inertia of a non-uniform semicircular wire through its middle point O and perpendicular to the plane of
having mass m and radius r about a line perpendicular to the the bent rod. Then moment of inertia about this axis is :
plane of the wire through the centre is O
1 2
(a) mr2 (b) mr 
2
1 2 2 2
(c) mr (d) mr
4 5 2
(a) mL2
3. Let ΙA and ΙB be the moments of inertia of two solid cylinders 3
1
of identical geometrical shape and size about their axes, the (b) mL2
3
first made of aluminium and the second of iron.
1
(c) mL2
(a) IA < IB 12
(b) IA = IB (d) dependent on θ

40 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 5. Two spheres of same mass and radius are in contact with each on the rim of A and another point on the rim of B are ωA and
other. If the moment of inertia of a sphere about its diameter ωB respectively. We have
is I, then the moment of inertia of both the spheres about the (a) ωA > ωB
tangent at their common point would be - (b) ωA = ωB
(a) 3I (b) 7I (c) ωA < ωB
(c) 4I (d) 5I (d) the relation depends on the actual magnitude of the
6. The M.I. of a disc about its diameter is 2 units. Its M.I. about torques.
axis through a point on its rim and in the plane of the disc is 
13. A force F= 4iˆ − 10 ˆj = acts on a body at a point having
(a) 4 units. (b) 6 units position vector − 5iˆ − 3 ˆj relative to origin of co-ordinates
(c) 8 units (d) 10 units on the axis of rotation . The torque acting on the body about
7. Moment of inertia of a thin semicircular disc (mass = M & the origin is :
radius = R) about an axis through point O and perpendicular (a) 38 kˆ (b) − 25 kˆ
to plane of disc, is given by: (c) 62 kˆ (d) none of these
O
14. Four equal and parallel forces are acting on a rod (as shown
R in figure) at distances of 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm
respectively from one end of the rod. Under the influence
of these forces the rod :
1 1 F F
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2
4 2 0 20 40 60 80
1
(c) MR 2 (d) MR2
8
F F
8. A rigid body can be hinged about any point on the x-axis.
When it is hinged such that the hinge is at x, the moment of (a) is at rest
inertia is given by I = 2x2 – 12x + 27 The x-coordinate of (b) experiences a torque
centre of mass is (c) experiences a linear motion
(a) x = 2 (d) experiences a torque and also a linear motion
(b) x = 0 15. The uniform rod of mass 20 kg and length 1.6 m is pivoted
(c) x = 1 at its end and swings freely in the vertical plane. Angular
(d) x = 3 acceleration of rod just after the rod is released from rest in
the horizontal position as shown in figure is
9. On applying a constant torque on a body-
(a) linear velocity may be increases +

(b) angular velocity may be increases 1.6m

(c) it will rotate with constant angular velocity 15 g 17 g
(a) (b)
(d) it will move with constant velocity 16 16
16 g g
10. A wheel starting with angular velocity of 10 radian/sec (c) (d)
acquires angular velocity of 100 radian/sec in 15 seconds. If 15 15
moment of inertia is 10kg-m2, then applied torque (in N-m) 16. Two men support a uniform horizontal rod at its two ends.
is If one of them suddenly lets go, the force exerted by the rod
(a) 900 (b) 100 on the other man will:
(c) 90 (d) 60 (a) remain unaffected
(b) increase
11. A torque of 2 N-m produces an angular acceleration of 2 rad/
(c) decrease
sec2 a body. If its radius of gyration is 2m, its mass will be:
(d) become unequal to the force exerted by him on the beam.
(a) 2kg
(b) 4 kg 17. A cubical block of mass M and edge a slides down a rough
inclined plane of inclination θ with a uniform velocity. The
(c) 1/2 kg
torque of the normal force on the block about its centre has
(d) 1/4 kg a magnitude.
12. A uniform circular disc A of radius r is made from a metal (a) zero
plate of thickness t and another uniform circular disc B of (b) Mga
radius 4r is made from the same metal plate of thickness
(c) Mga sin θ
t/4. If equal torques act on the discs A and B, initially both
being at rest. At a later instant, the angular speeds of a point 1
(d) Mga sin θ
2
P Rotational Motion 41
W
18. A uniform cube of side a and mass m rests on a rough 26. The angular velocity of a body changes from one revolution
horizontal table. A horizontal force ‘F’ is applied normal to per 9 second to 1 revolution per second without applying any
one of the faces at a point that is directly above the centre torque. The ratio of its radius of gyration in the two cases is
3a (a) 1 : 9 (b) 3 : 1
of the face, at a height above the base. The minimum
4 (c) 9 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
value of ‘F’ for which the cube begins to tilt about the edge
27. A disc rolls on a table. The ratio of its K.E. of rotation to
is (assume that the cube does not slide).
the total K.E. is -
2 4
(a) mg (b) mg (a) 2/5 (b) 1/3
3 3
5 1 (c) 5/6 (d) 2/3
(c) mg (d) mg
4 2 28. A thin string is wrapped several times around a cylinder kept
19. The moment of inertia and rotational kinetic energy of a fly on a rough horizontal surface. A boy standing at a distance 
wheel are 20kg-m2 and 1000 joule respectively. Its angular from the cylinder draws the string towards him as shown in
frequency per minute would be - figure. The cylinder rolls without slipping. The length of the
600 25 string passed through the hand of the boy while the cylinder
(a) (b) 2 reaches his hand is
π π
5 300
(c) (d)
π π
20. A circular ring of wire of mass M and radius R is making
n revolutions/sec about an axis passing through a point on
(a)  (b) 2
its rim and perpendicular to its plane. The kinetic energy of
rotation of the ring is given by- (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 4π2MR2n2 (b) 2π2MR2n2 29. A solid sphere, a hollow sphere and a ring, all having equal
mass and radius, are placed at the top of an incline and
(c) π2MR2n2 (d) 8π2MR2n2 released. The friction coefficients between the objects and the
21. Rotational kinetic energy of a disc of constant moment of incline are equal and but not sufficient to allow pure rolling.
inertia is - The greatest kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline will
(a) directly proportional to angular velocity be achieved by
(b) inversely proportional to angular velocity (a) the solid sphere
(c) inversely proportional to square of angular velocity (b) the hollow sphere
(d) directly proportional to square of angular velocity (c) the ring
22. A constant torque acting on a uniform circular wheel changes (d) all will achieve same kinetic energy.
its angular momentum from A0 to 4A0 in 4 sec. the magnitude 30. A body is given translational velocity and kept on a surface
of this torque is : that has sufficient friction. Then:
(a) 4A0 (b) A0 (a) body will move forward before pure rolling
(c) 3A0 /4 (d) 12A0 (b) body will move backward before pure rolling
23. A particle moves with a constant velocity parallel to the (c) body will start pure rolling immediately
Y-axis. Its angular momentum about the origin. (d) none of these
(a) is zero 31. A disc and a ring of the same mass are rolling to have the
(b) remains constant same kinetic energy. What is ratio of their velocities of centre
(c) goes on increasing of mass
(d) goes on decreasing (a) (4 : 3)1/2
(b) (3 : 4)1/2
24. A boy sitting firmly over a rotating stool has his arms folded.
If he stretches his arms, his angular momentum about the (c) (2 : 3)1/2
axis of rotation (d) (3 : 2)1/2
(a) increases (b) decreases 32. A body kept on a smooth horizontal surface is pulled by a
(c) remains unchanged (d) doubles constant horizontal force applied at the top point of the body.
If the body rolls purely on the surface, its shape can be :
25. The rotational kinetic energy of a rigid body of moment of
inertia 5 kg-m2 is 10 joules. The angular momentum about (a) thin pipe
the axis of rotation would be - (b) uniform cylinder
(a) 100 joule-sec (b) 50 joule-sec (c) uniform sphere
(c) 10 joule-sec (d) 2 joule -sec (d) thin spherical shell

42 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

33. A solid sphere with a velocity (of centre of mass) v and y
angular velocity ω is gently placed on a rough horizontal
surface. The frictional force on the sphere:
(a) must be forward (in direction of v)

(b) must be backward (opposite to v)
(c) cannot be zero x
(d) none of the above 3g 2g
(a) cos θ (b) cos θ
34. A cylinder is pure rolling up an incline plane. It stops 2 3
momentarily and then rolls back. The force of friction. 3g 2g
(c) sin θ (d) sin θ
(a) on the cylinder is zero throughout the journey 2 3
(b) is directed opposite to the velocity of the centre of 39. Seven identical circular planar disks, each of mass M and
mass throughout the journey radius R are welded symmetrically as shown. The moment
(c) is directed up the plane throughout the journey of inertia of the arrangement about the axis normal to the
(d) is directed down the plane throughout the journey plane and passing through the point P is:

35. A sphere is released on a smooth inclined plane from the P

top. When it moves down its angular momentum is:
(a) Conserved about every point O
(b) Conserved about the point of contact only
(c) Conserved about the centre of the sphere only
(d) Conserved about any point on a fixed line parallel to the
inclined plane and passing through the centre of the ball.
55 73
36. A roller is made by joining together two cones at their (a) MR 2 (b) MR 2
2 2
vertices O. It is kept on two ails AB and CD which are placed 181 19
asymmetrically (see figure), with its axis perpendicular to (c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
2 2
CD and its centre O at the centre of line joining AB and CD
40. A circular disc D1 of mass O'
(see figure). It is given a light push so that it starts rolling
M and radius R has two
with its centre O moving parallel to CD in the direction
identical discs D2 and D3 of
shown. As it moves, the roller will tend to :
the same mass M and radius D O
B D D3
R attached rigidly as its 2
opposite ends (see figure). D1
The moment of inertia of
O the system about the axis OO’, passing through the centre
of D1 as shown in the figure, will:
A C (a) MR2 (b) 3MR2
(a) turn left and right alternately 4 2
(c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
(b) turn left. 5 3
41. The magnitude of torque on a particle of mass 1 kg is 2.5 Nm
(c) turn right.
about the origin. If the force acting on it is 1N, and the
(d) go straight. distance of the particle from the origin is 5m, the angle
37. The moment of inertia of a uniform cylinder of length  and between the force and the position vector is (in radians):
radius R about its perpendicular bisector is I. What is the π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ratio /R such that the moment of inertia is minimum? 6 3 8 4
3 42. A simple pendulum, made of a string of length  and a bob of
(a) 1 (b) mass m, is released from a small angle θ0. It strikes a block
2
of mass M, kept on a horizontal surface at its lowest point
3 3
(c) (d) of oscillations, elastically. It bounces back and goes up to
2 2 an angle θ1. Then M is given by:
38. A slender uniform rod of mass M and length  is pivoted at
one end so that it can rotate in a vertical plane (see figure). m  θ0 + θ1  θ −θ 
(a)   (b) m  0 1 
There is negligible friction at the pivot. The free end is held 2  θ0 − θ1   θ0 + θ1 
vertically above the pivot and then released. The angular
acceleration of the rod when it makes an angle θ with the θ +θ  m  θ0 − θ1 
(c) m  0 1  (d)  
vertical is:  θ0 – θ1  2  θ0 + θ1 

P Rotational Motion 43
W
43. The moment of inertia of a solid sphere, about an axis parallel 46. A uniform cylinder of mass M and radius R is to be pulled
to its diameter and at a distance of x from it, is ‘I(x)’. Which over a step of height a (a < R) by applying a force F at its
one of the graphs represents the variation of I(x) with x centre ‘O’ perpendicular to the plane through the axes of the
correctly? cylinder on the edge of the step (see figure). The minimum
value of F required is
I(x) F
(a)
O
O x R
a
I(x)
(b) 2
 R−a
(a) Mg 1 −  R 
x  
O
2
I(x) (b) Mg  R  − 1
 R−a
(c)
a2
(c) Mg 1 −
O x R2
a
I(x) (d) Mg
R
(d) 47. A uniform rod of length ‘l’ is pivoted at one of its ends on a
vertical shaft of negligible radius. When the shaft rotates at
O x angular speed ω the rod makes an angle θ with it (see figure).
To find θ equate the rate of change of angular momentum
44. A stationary horizontal disc is free to rotate about its axis.
(direction going into the paper) about the centre of mass
When a torque is applied on it, its kinetic energy as a function
(CM) to the torque provided by the horizontal and vertical
of θ, where θ is the angle by which it has rotated, is given as forces FH and FV about the CM. The value of θ is then such
kθ2. If its moment of inertia is I then the angular acceleration that
of the disc is: 
Fv
k
(a) θ
2I FH l
k 
(b) θ
I
k g 2g
(c) θ
4I (a) cos θ = (b) cos θ =
l ω2 3l ω2
2k
(d) θ g 3g
I (c) cos θ = (d) cos θ =
2l ω2 2l ω2
45. The radius of gyration of a uniform rod of length , about
48. A person of 80 kg mass is standing on the rim of a
an axis passing through a point l/4 away from the centre of
circular platform of mass 200 kg rotating about its axis
the rod, and perpendicular to it, is at 5 revolutions per minute (rpm). The person now starts
7 moving towards the centre of the platform. What will be the
(a)  rotational speed (in rpm) of the platform when the person
48
reaches its centre _________.
1
(b)  49. A circular disc of mass M and radius R is rotating about its
8
axis with angular speed ω1. If another stationary disc having
3 R
(c)  radius and same mass M is dropped co-axially on to the
8 2
rotating disc. Gradually both discs attain constant angular
1 speed ω2 . The energy lost in the process is p% of the initial
(d) 
4 energy. Value of p is _____.

44 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 Exercise-3 (JEE Advanced Level)

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS (a) 2, if their lines of action pass through the centre of
mass of the body
1. The moment of inertia of a thin uniform square plate ABCD
(b) 3, if their lines of action are not parallel
of uniform thickness about an axis passing through the centre
O and perpendicular to the plate is (c) 3, if their lines of action are parallel
A 1 B (d) 4, if their lines of action are parallel and all the forces
have the same magnitude
O
3 5. Four point masses are fastened to the corners of a frame of
negligible mass lying in the xy plane. Let w be the angular
D 2C speed of rotation. Then
4
y-axis
where I1, I2, I3 , and I4 are respectively the moments of inertia
m
about axes 1, 2, 3, and 4 which are in the plane of the plate. b
(a) I1 + I2
(b) I3 + I4 M M x-axis
(c) I1 + I3 m
z-axis a
(d) I1 + I2+ I3 + I4
2. A block with a square base measuring a × a and height h, (a) Rotational kinetic energy associated with a given
is placed on an inclined plane. The coefficient of friction angular speed depends on the axis of rotation.
is µ. The angle of inclination (θ) of the plane is gradually (b) Rotational kinetic energy about y-axis is independent
increased. The block will: of m and its value is Ma2ω2
(c) Rotational kinetic energy about z-axis depends on m
and its value is (Ma2 + mb2)ω2

(d) Rotational kinetic energy about z-axis is independent
h a of m and its value is Mb2ω2
 6. In the given figure a ball strikes a rod A
elastically and rod is hinged at point A. Then
(a) Topple before sliding if µ > a/h
which of the statement(s) is/are correct for the
(b) Topple before sliding if µ < a/h collision?
(c) Slide before toppling if µ > a/h (a) Linear momentum of system (ball + rod) u
(d) Slide before toppling if µ < a/h is conserved
3. A rod of weight w is supported by two parallel knife edges (b) Angular momentum of system about
A and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal position. The hinged point A is conserved
knives are at a distance d from each other. The centre of mass (c) Initial KE of the system is equal to final KE of the
of the rod is at a distance x from A. system
wx (d) Linear momentum of ball is conserved.
(a) The normal reaction at A is
d 7. A particle falls freely near the surface of the earth. Consider
w(d − x) a fixed point O (not vertically below the particle) on the
(b) The normal reaction at A is
d ground.
wx (a) Angular momentum of the particle about O is increasing
(c) The normal reaction at B is
d (b) Torque of the gravitational force on the particle about
w(d − x) O is decreasing
(d) The normal reaction at B is
d (c) The moment of inertia of the particle about O is
4. A body is in equilibrium under the influence of a number decreasing
of forces. Each force has a different line of action. The (d) The angular velocity of the particle about O is
minimum number of forces required is increasing
P Rotational Motion 45
W
 8. A man spinning in free space changes the shape of his body,
eg. by spreading his arms or curling up. By doing this, he 
can change his m
2
(a) Moment of inertia
(b) Angular momentum
(c) Angular velocity m
(d) Rotational kinetic energy
9. When a bicycle is in motion (accelerating) on a rough 12. The angular speed of the disc when the balls reach the end
horizontal plane, the force of friction exerted by the plane of the disc is :
on the two wheels is such that it acts : ω0 ω0
(a) In the backward direction on the front wheel and in (a) (b)
2 3
the forward direction on the rear wheel
2ω0 ω0
(b) In the forward direction on the front wheel and in the (c) (d)
3 4
backward direction on the rear wheel
13. The speed of each ball relative to ground just after they leave
(c) In the backward direction on both front and the rear
wheels the disc is :
(d) In the forward direction on both the front and the rear Rω0 Rω0
(a) (b)
wheels 3 2
10. A ring rolls without slipping on the ground. Its centre C 2 Rω0 Rω0
(c) (d)
moves with a constant speed u. P is any point on the ring. 3 3
The speed of P with respect to the ground is v. 14. The net work done by forces exerted by disc on one of the
(a) 0 ≤ v ≤ 2u ball for the duration ball remains on the disc is
(b) v = u, if CP is horizontal
2mR 2ω02 mR 2ω02
(c) v = u, if CP makes an angle of 30º with the horizontal (a) (b)
9 18
and P is below the horizontal level of C
(d) v = 2 u , if CP is horizontal mR 2ω02 mR 2ω02
(c) (d)
6 9
11. Consider a sphere of mass ‘m’ radius ‘R’ doing pure rolling
 Comprehension (Q. 15 to 17): A uniform disc of mass M and
motion on a rough surface having velocity v0 as shown in
the figure. It makes an elastic impact with the smooth wall radius R initially stands vertically on the right end of a horizontal
and moves back and starts pure rolling after some time again. plank of mass M and length L, as shown in the figure.
The plank rests on smooth horizontal floor and friction
between disc and plank is sufficiently high such that disc rolls on
plank without slipping. The plank is pulled to right with a constant
v0
horizontal force of magnitude F.
O R
(a) Change in angular momentum about ‘O’ in the entire M
motion equals 2mv0 R in magnitude.
M F
(b) Moment of impulse provided by wall during impact
about O equals 2mv0R in magnitude smooth horizontal oor
L
3
(c) Final velocity of ball will be v0 15. Th magnitude of acceleration of plank is-
7
3 F F
(d) Final velocity of ball will be − v0 (a) (b)
7 8M 4M

COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS 3F 3F

(c) (d)
2M 4M
Comprehension (Q. 12 to 14): A uniform disc of mass ‘m’ and
radius R is free to rotate in horizontal plane about a vertical smooth 16. The magnitude of angular acceleration of the disc is -
fixed axis passing through its centre. There is a smooth groove F F
m (a) (b)
along the diameter of the disc and two small balls of mass each 4mR 8mR
2
are placed in it on either side of the centre of the disc as shown in F 3F
(c) (d)
figure. The disc is given initial angular velocity ω0 and released. 2mR 2mR

46 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 17. The distance travelled by centre of disc from its initial Column-I Column-II
position till the left end of plank comes vertically below the
A.  p. The angular
centre of disc is v0
(v0 > R0) momentum of disc
L L about point A (as
(a) (b) A
2 4 shown in figure)
L remains conserved.
(c) (d) L
8 B.  q. The kinetic energy
Comprehension (Q. 18 to 21): The figure shows an isosceles v0 of disc after it starts
(v0 > R0)
triangular plate of mass M and base L. The angle at the apex is A rolling without
90°. The apex lies at the origin and the base is parallel to x-axis. slipping is less than
Y L its initial kinetic
energy.
M
C.  r. In the duration disc
v0 rolls with slipping,
(v0 < R0)
x A the friction acts on
disc towards left.
18. The moment of inertia of the plate about the z-axis is 
D. s. In the duration disc
2
ML 2 ML v0
(v0 < R0) rolls with slipping,
(a) (b) the friction acts
12 24 A
ML 2 on disc for some
(c) (d) none of these time towards right
6
19. The moment of inertia of the plate about the x-axis is and for some time
towards left.
ML2 ML2
(a) (b) (a) A → (p,r); B → (p,r); C → (p); D → (q,r)
8 32
(b) A → (p,q,r); B → (p,q,r); C → (p,q); D → (p,q,r)
ML2 ML2 (c) A → (q,r); B → (q,r); C → (q); D → (q,r)
(c) (d)
24 6 (d) A → (p,q); B → (p,q); C → (q); D → (p,q,r)
20. The moment of inertia of the plate about its base parallel to
the x-axis is NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS
2 2
ML ML 23. A merry-go-round is a common piece of playground
(a) (b)
18 36 equipment. A 4 m diameter merry-go-round with a moment
ML2 of inertia of 500 kg-m2 is spinning at 5.6 rad/s. John runs
(c) (d) none of these tangent to the merry-go-round at 5 m/s, in the same direction
24
that it is turning, and jumps onto the outer edge. John’s mass
21. The moment of inertia of the plate about the y-axis is is 30 kg. What is the merry-go-round’s angular velocity
ML2 (in rad/s) after John jumps on ?
(a)
6 24. A solid hemisphere rests in equilibrium on a rough ground
ML2 and against a smooth wall. The curved surface touches the
(b) wall and the ground. The angle of inclination of the circular
8
base to the horizontal is 30°, Find minimum coefficient of
ML2 friction required between ground and hemisphere. Quote
(c)
24 32µ in Answer.
(d) none of these 25. The figure shown is in equilibrium. Find out the extension
in the spring (in cm).
MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS 0.6 m
22. In each situation of column-I, a uniform disc of mass m and
radius R rolls on a rough fixed horizontal surface as shown in m
the figure. At t = 0 (initially) the angular velocity of disc is 3
0.
ωο and velocity of centre of mass of disc is vο (in horizontal
direction). The relation between vο and ωο for each situation 70 kg A
and also initial sense of rotation is given for each situation
B 40 kg
in column-I. Then match the statements in column-I with
the corresponding results in column-II. k = 100N/m

P Rotational Motion 47
W
 26. A wheel of radius 0.20 m is mounted on a frictionless 29. A yo-yo-shaped device mounted on a horizontal frictionless
horizontal axis. The rotational inertia of the wheel about axis is used to lift a 30 kg box as shown in figure. The outer
the axis is 0.07 kg m2. A massless cord wrapped around the radius R of the device is 0.50 m, and the radius r of the hub is
wheel is attached to a 2.0 kg block that slides on a horizontal 0.20 m. When a constant horizontal force of magnitude 152 N
frictionless surface. If a horizontal force of magnitude is applied in the left direction to a rope wrapped around the
P = 3.0 N is applied to the block as shown in figure, what is outside of the device, the box, which is suspended from a
the magnitude of the angular acceleration (in rad/s2) of the rope wrapped around the hub, has an upward acceleration
wheel? Assume the string does not slip on the wheel. of magnitude 0.80 m/s2. What is the rotational inertia
P I (in kg-m2) of the device about its axis of rotation?

r
27. A force of 100 N is applied on a disc along the tangent for 10
R
sec. During this time, the disc attains an angular velocity of
10 rad/s. There is constant frictional torque at the axis which
opposes the rotation of the disc. Now the force is removed.
After what time (in sec) from the removal of force will the
disc come to rest? 30. Seven pennies are arranged in a hexagonal,
planar pattern so as to touch each neighbor,
m = 10 kg as shown in the figure below. Each penny
R = 10 m is a uniform disk of mass m = 2 kg and
radius r = 1 m. What is the moment of
inertia of the system (in kg-m2) of seven
28. The drawing shows the top view of two doors. The doors are pennies about an axis that passes through the center of the
uniform and identical. Door A rotates about an axis through central penny and is normal to the plane of the pennies ?
its left edge, while door B rotates about an axis through the
center. The same force F is applied perpendicular to each 31. A ring of mass m = 1 kg and radius R = 1.25 m is kept
door at its right edge, and the force remains perpendicular on a rough horizontal ground. A small body of mass m is
as the door turns. Starting from rest, door A rotates through struck to the top of the ring. When it was given a slight
a certain angle in 3 s. How long does it take door B to rotate push forward, the ring started rolling purely on the ground.
through the same angle? Round off to nearest integer. What is the maximum speed of the centre of the ring
(in m/s)?
F
Axis
Door A
Axis F

Door B

Exercise-4 (Past Year Questions)

JEE MAIN 2. An L-shaped object, made A

1. A string is wound around a hollow cylinder of mass 5 kg of thin rods of uniform mass
z
and radius 0.5m. If the string is now pulled with a horizontal density, is suspended with a

force of 40 N. and the cylinder is rolling without slipping on a string as shown in figure. If B x
90º
horizontal surface (see figure), then the angular acceleration AB = BC, and the angle made
of the cylinder will be Neglect th mass an thickness of the
by AB with downward vertical
string) (2019)
40N is θ, then: (2019) C
1 1
(a) tan θ = (b) tan θ =
2 3 2
(a) 20 rad/s2 (b) 16 rad/s2 2 1
(c) tan θ = (d) tan θ =
(c) 12 rad/s2 (d) 10 rad/s2 3 3

48 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 3. A rod of length 50 cm is pivoted at one end. It is raised the force F is distributed uniformly over the mop and if the
such that if makes an angle of 30° for the horizontal as coefficient of friction between the map and the floor is µ,
shown and released from rest. Its angular speed when the torque applied by the machine on the mop is: (2019)
it passes through the horizontal (in rad s –1 ) will be (a) µFR/3 (b) µFR/6
(g = 10 ms –2). (2019) 2
(c) µFR/2 (d) µFR
3
8. A thin smooth rod of length L and mass M is rotating freely
30º with angular speed ω0 about an axis perpendicular to the
rod and passing through its center. Two beads of mass m
30 and negligible size are at the center of the rod initially. The
(a) (b) 30 beads are free to slide along the rod. The angular speed of
2
the system, when the beads reach the opposite ends of the
20 30 rod, will be :- (2019)
(c) (d)
2 2 M ω0 M ω0
4. Two identical spherical balls of mass M and radius R each (a) (b)
M + 3m M +m
are stuck on two ends of a rod of length 2R and mass M
(see figure). The moment of inertia of the system about the M ω0 M ω0
(c) (d)
axis passing perpendicularly through the centre of the rod M + 2m M + 6m
is: (2019) 9. A thin circular plate of mass M and radius R has its density
varying as ρ(r) = ρ0r with ρ0 as constant and r is the distance
2R
from its centre. The moment of inertia of the circular plate
R R about an axis perpendicular to the plate and passing through
its edge is I = aMR2. The value of the coefficient a is :
3 1
(a) (b)  (2019)
137 17 2 2
(a) MR2 (b) MR2 3 8
15 15 (c) (d)
5 5
209 152
(c) MR2 (d) MR2 10. A metal coin of mass 5 g and radius 1 cm is fixed to a thin
15 15 stick AB of negligible mass as shown in the figure. The
5. A particle of mass 20 g is released with an initial velocity system is initially at rest. The constant torque, that will make
5 m/s along the curve from the point A, as shown in the figure. the system rotate about AB at 25 rotations per second in 5 s,
The point A is at height h from point B. The particle slides is close to: (2019)
along the frictionless surface. When the particle reaches A
point B, its angular momentum about O will be : [Take
g = 10 m/s2] (2019) 1cm
O

a=10m

A
h=10m
B
B
(a) 4.0 × 10–6Nm
(a) 2 kg-m2/s (b) 8 kg-m2/s (b) 2.0 × 10–5Nm
(c) 6 kg-m2/s (d) 3 kg-m2/s (c) 1.6 × 10–5N
6. A homogeneous solid cylindrical roller of radius R and mass (d) 7.9 × 10–6Nm
M is pulled on a cricket pitch by a horizontal force. Assuming
11. A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is divided into two
rolling without slipping, angular acceleration of the cylinder
is :  (2019) 7M
unequal parts. The first part has a mass of and is
3F F 8
(a) (b) converted into a uniform disc of radius 2R. The second part
2mR 3mR is converted into a uniform solid sphere. Let I1 be the moment
F 2F of inertia of the disc about its axis and I2 be the moment of
(c) (d)
2mR 3mR inertia of the new sphere about its axis. The ratio I1/I2 is
7. To mop–clean a floor, a cleaning machine presses a circular given by : (2019)
mop of radius R vertically down with a total force F and (a) 185 (b) 65
rotates it with a constant angular speed about its axis. If (c) 285 (d) 140

P Rotational Motion 49
W
12. A rectangular solid box of length 0.3 mis held horizontally, 16. As shown in the figure, a bob a mass m is tied by a massless
with one of its sides on the edge of a platform of height 5m. string whose other end portion is wound on a fly wheel (disc)
When released, it slips off the table in a very short time of radius r and mass m. When released from rest, the bob
τ = 0.01s, remaining essentially horizontal. The angle by starts falling vertically. When it has covered a distance of h,
which it would rotate when it hits the ground will be (in the angular speed of the wheel will be : (2020)
radians) close to: (2019) m
r


h 3 1 2 gh
(a) r (b)
4 gh r 3
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.28 3 1 4 gh
(c) r 2 gh (d)
(c) 0.5 (d) 0.3 r 3
13. The following bodies are made to roll up (without slipping) 17. Consider uniform cubical box of side a on a rough floor that
the same inclined plane from a horizontal plane : (i) a ring is to be moved by applying minimum possible force F at a
R point b above its centre of mass (see figure). If the coefficient
of radius R, (ii) a solid cylinder of radius and (iii) a solid
R 2 b
sphere of radius . If in each case, the speed of the centre of friction is µ = 0.4, the maximum possible value of 100 ×
4 a
of mass at the bottom of the incline is same, the ratio of the for box not to topple before moving is (2020)
maximum height they climb is : (2019)
(a) 4 : 3 : 2 (b) 20 : 15 : 14
F
(c) 10 : 15 : 7 (d) 2 : 3 : 4
14. A circular disc of radius b has a hole of radius a at its centre
(see figure). If the mass per unit area of the disc varies as
ρ = ρ0/r then the radius of gyration of the disc about its axis
passing through the centre is : (2019)
18. Mass per unit area of a circular disc of radius a depends on
the distance r from its centre as σ(r) = A + Br. The moment
b of inertia of the disc about the axis, perpendicular to the
a plane passing through its centre is: (2020)
 aA B 
(a) 2πa 4  + 
 4 5
a+b  A aB 
(a) (b) 2πa 4  + 
2 4 5 
a+b
(b)  A aB 
3 (c) πa 4  + 
4 5 
a 2 + b 2 + ab  A B
(c) (d) 2πa 4  + 
2 4 5
a 2 + b 2 + ab 19. Consider a uniform rod of mass M = 4m and length
(d)
3  pivoted about its centre. A mass m moving with velocity
I π
15. Two coaxial discs, having moments of inertia I1 and 1 , v making angle θ = to the rod’s long axis collides with
2 4
ω1
are rotating with respective angular velocities ω1 and , one end of the rod and sticks to it. The angular speed of the
2 rod-mass system just after the collision is: (2020)
about their common axis. They are brought in contact with
4v
each other and thereafter they rotate with a common angular (a)
7
velocity. If Ef and Ei are the final and initial total energies,
then (Ef – Ei) is: (2019) 3 2v
(b)
7 
I1ω12 3 3v
(a) (b) I1ω12 (c)
12 8 7
I1ω12 I1ω12 3 v
(c) (d) (d)
6 24 7 2

50 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

20. A uniformly thick wheel with moment of inertial I and radius lamina. Moment of inertia of the lamina about an axis passing
R is free to rotate about its centre of mass (see figure). A through G and perpendicular to the plane ABC is I0 . If part
massless string is wrapped over its rim and two blocks of ADE is removed, the moment of inertia of the remaining part
masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2) are attached to the ends of the NI 0
about the same axis is where N is an integer. Value of
string. The system is released from rest. The angular speed 16
of the wheel when m1 descents by a distance h is: (2020) N is ______. (2020)
A

D E
G

m2 B C
m1 24. A wheel is rotating freely with an angular speed ω on a shaft.
1 The moment of inertia of the wheel is I and the moment of
 m1 + m2 2 inertia of the shaft is negligible. Another wheel of moment
(a)   gh
2
 (m1 + m2 ) R + I  of inertia 3I initially at rest is suddenly coupled to the same
1 shaft. The resultant fractional loss in the kinetic energy of
 2 ( m1 − m2 ) gh  2 the system is (2020)
(b)  2 
 (m1 + m2 ) R + I 
1 5 1
(a) (b)
 2 ( m1 + m2 ) gh  2 6 4
(c)  2 
 (m1 + m2 ) R + I  3
(c) 0 (d)
1 4
 ( m1 + m2 )  2 25. Four point masses, each of mass m, are fixed at the corners
(d)   gh
2 of a square of side . The square is rotating with angular
 (m1 + m2 ) R + I 
frequency ω, about an axis passing through one of the corners
21. Two uniform circular discs are rotating independently in the
same direction around their common axis passing through of the square and parallel to its diagonal, as shown in the
their centres. The moment of inertia and angular velocity figure. The angular momentum of the square about this axis
of the first disc are 0.1 kg-m2 and 10 rad s–1 respectively is (2020)
while those for the second one are 0.2 kg-m2 and 5 rad s–1
respectively. At some instant they get stuck together and start is
rotating as a single system about their common axis with ax
some angular speed. The kinetic energy of the combined
system is (2020)
20 5
(a) J (b) J
3 3
10 2
(c) J (d) J (a) 3 m2ω (b) 4 m2ω
3 3
(c) m2ω (d) 2 m2ω
22. A block of mass m = 1 kg slides with velocity v = 6 m/s on
a frictionless horizontal surface and collides with a uniform 26. The following bodies (1) Ring, (2) disc, (3) solid sphere,
vertical rod and sticks to it as shown. The rod is pivoted about (4) Solid cylinder of same mass ‘m’ and radius ‘R’ are
O and swings as a result of the collision making angle θ allowed to roll down without slipping simultaneously from
before momentarily coming to rest. If the rod has mass M the top of the inclined plane. The body which will reach first
= 2 kg and length l = 1 m, the value of θ is approximately at the bottom of the inclined plane is [Mark the body as per
(take g = 10 m/s2) (2020)
their respective numbering given in the question] (2021)
O
M,1
v m
m m S h
(a) 49° (b) 55°
(c) 63° (d) 69° 

23. ABC is a plane lamina of the shape of an equilateral triangle. (a) a ring (b) a disc
D, E are mid points of AB, AC and G is the centroid of the (c) a solid cylinder (d) a solid sphere,

P Rotational Motion 51
W
 27. The angular speed of truck wheel is increased from 900 rpm 31. Four equal masses, m each are placed at the comers of a
to 2460 rpm in 26 seconds. The number of revolutions by the square of length (l) as shown in the figure. The moment of
truck engine during this time is (Assuming the acceleration inertia of the system about an axis passing through A and
to be uniform). (2021) parallel to DB would be: (2021)
28. A solid disc of radius ‘a’ and mass ‘m’ rolls down D l C
m m
without slipping on an inclined plane making an angle q
with the horizontal. The acceleration of the disc will be l l
2
g sin θ where b is (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
b
(g = acceleration due to gravity, q = angle as shown in figure) m m
 (2021) A l B
(a) 3ml 2 (b) 2ml2
a
P (c) ml2 (d) 3ml2
32. A metre scale is balanced on a knife edge at its centre. When
two coins, each of mass 10 g are put one on the top of the
other at the 10.0 cm mark the scale is found to be balanced

at 40.0 cm mark. The mass of the metre scale is found to be
 x × 10–2 kg. The value of x is (2022)
29. A triangular plate is shown. A force F= 4iˆ − 3 ˆj is applied
at point P. The torque at point P with respect to point 33. Solid spherical ball is rolling on a frictionless horizontal
‘O’ and ‘Q’ are : plane surface about its axis of symmetry. The ratio of
rotational kinetic energy of the ball to its total kinetic energy
Y
is :
F (a) 2/5 (b) 2/7
P
(c) 1/5 (d) 7/10
34. The moment of inertia of a uniform thin rod about a
cm

10

perpendicular axis passing through one end is I1. The same

10

cm

rod is bent into a ring and its moment of inertia about a

60º 60º I xπ2
O
Q
X diameter is I2. If 1 is , then the value of x will be
10 cm I2 3
_________. (2022)
(a) −15 + 20 3,15 + 20 3
35. A spherical shell of 1 kg mass and radius R is rolling with
(b) 15 − 20 3,15 + 20 3
angular speed w on horizontal plane (as shown in figure).
(c) 15 + 20 3,15 − 20 3 The magnitude of angular momentum of the shell about the
(d) −15 − 20 3,15 − 20 3 a
origin O is R 2 ω . The value of a will be :  (2022)
30. A large block of wood of mass M = 5.99 kg is hanging from 3
two long massless cords. A bullet of mass m = 10 g is fired y
into the block and gets embedded in it. The (block + bullet)

then swing upwards, their centre of mass rising a vertical
distance h = 9.8 cm before the (block + bullet) pendulum R
comes momentarily to rest at the end of its arc. The speed O
x
of the bullet just before collision is: (a) 2 (b) 3
(take g = 9.8 ms–2) (2021) (c) 5 (d) 4

JEE ADVANCED
36. A small mass m is attached to a massless string whose
other end is fixed at P as shown in the figure. The mass is
m h undergoing circular motion in the x-y plane with centre at
v M
O and constant angular speed ω. If the angular momentum

(a) 831.5 m/s (b) 811.5 m/s of the system, calculated about O and P are denoted by L0

(c) 841.5 m/s (d) 821.5 m/s and LP respectively, then (2012)

52 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 Z fixed) horizontally at its rim to a massless stick, as shown in the
figure. Where disc-stick system is rotated about the origin on a
P
horizontal frictionless plane with angular speed ω, the motion at
any instant can be taken as a combination of (i) a rotation of the
m centre of mass the disc about the z-axis, and (ii) a rotation of the
O
 disc through an instantaneous vertical axis passing through its
centre of mass (as is seen from the changed orientation of points
  P and Q). Both the motions have the same angular speed ω in the
(a) L0 and LP do not vary with time case.
 
(b) L0 varies with time while LP remains constant Z
  
(c) L0 remains constant while LP varies with time
 
(d) L0 and LP both vary with time. Q P P Q
Y
37. A lamina is made by removing a small disc of diameter 2R
from a bigger disc of uniform mass density and radius 2R,
as shown in the figure. The moment of inertia of this lamina X
about axes passing through O and P is Io and IP, respectively. Now consider two similar systems as shown in the figure:
Both these axes are perpendicular to the plane of the lamina. case (a) the disc with its face vertical and parallel to x-z
I plane; Case (b) the disc with its face making an angle of
The ratio P to the nearest integer is (2012) 45° with x-y plane its horizontal diameter parallel to x-axis.
Io
In both the cases, the disc is welded at point P, and systems
2R are rotated with constant angular speed w about the z-axis.
2R Z
O P 
Q

Y
38. Consider a disc rotating in the horizontal plane with a constant P
angular speed ω about its centre O. The disc has a shaded
region on one side of the diameter and an unshaded region X
Z
on the other side as shown in the figure. When the disc 
is in the orientation as shown, two pebbles P and Q are
Q
simultaneously projected at an angle towards R. The velocity
of projection is in the y-z plane and is same for both pebbles 45º
with respect to the disc. Assume that (i) they land back on P Y
the disc before the disc has completed 1/8 rotation, (ii) their
range is less than half the disc radius, and (iii) ω remains X
constant throughout. Then (2012) 39. Which of the following statements about the instantaneous
 axis (passing through the centre of mass) is correct ?
R
y  (2012)
Q
(a) It is vertical for both the cases (a) and (b).
O
x (b) It is vertical for case (a); and is at 45° to the x-z plane
and lies in the plane of the disc for case (b).
P
(c) It is horizontal for case (a); and is at 45° to the x-z plane
(a) P lands in the shaded region and Q in the unshaded and is normal to the plane of the disc for case (b).
region (d) It is vertical for case (a); and is at 45° to the x-z plane
(b) P lands in the unshaded region and Q in the shaded and is normal to the plane of the disc for case (b).
region
40. Which of the following statements regarding the angular
(c) Both P and Q land in the unshaded region speed about the instantaneous axis (passing through the
(d) Both P and Q land in the shaded region centre of mass) is correct (2012)
Comprehension (Q. 39 to 40): The general motion of a rigid body (a) It is 2ω for both the cases.
can be considered to be a combination of (i) a motion of its centre
of mass about an axis, and (ii) its motion about an instantaneous (b) It is ω for case (a); and ω / 2 for case (b).
axis passing through center of mass. These axes need not be (c) It is ω for case (a); and 2ω for case (b).
stationary. Consider, for example, a thin uniform welded (rigidly (d) It is w for both the cases.
P Rotational Motion 53
W
 41. The figure shows a system consisting of (i) a ring of outer simultaneously fires the balls horizontally and perpendicular
radius 3R rolling clockwise without slipping on a horizontal to the diameter in opposite directions. After leaving the
surface with angular speed ω and (ii) an inner disc of radius platform the balls have horizontal speed of 9ms -1 with
2R rotating anti-clockwise with angular speed ω/ 2. The ring respect to the ground. The rotational speed of the platform
and disc are separated by frictionless ball bearings. The in rad s –1 after the balls leave the platform is  (2014)
system is in the 8 x-z plane. The point P on the inner disc is
at a distance R from the origin, where OP makes an angle of
30o with the horizontal. Then with respect to the horizontal
surface. (2012)
z


45. A uniform circular disc of mass 1.5 kg and radius 0.5 m
is ini8tially at rest on a horizontal friction less surface.
3R  R P
30º
x Three forces of equal magnitude F = 0.5 N are applied
O 2R
simultaneously along the three sides of an equilateral triangle
XYZ with its vertices on the perimeter of the disc (see figure).
One second after applying the forces, the angular speed of
the disc in rad/s is (2014)
(a) the point O has a linear velocity 3Rωiˆ .
F X
11 3
(b) the point P has a linear velocity Rωiˆ + Rωkˆ
4 4
13 3
(c) the point P has a linear velocity Rωiˆ − Rωkˆ
4 4 O
(d) the point P has a linear velocity Y
Z F
F
 3 1
 3 −  Rωiˆ + Rωkˆ 46. Two identical uniform discs roll without slipping on
 4  4
two different surfaces AB and CD (see figure) starting at
42. Two solid cylinders P and Q of same mass and same radius
A and C with linear speeds v1 and v2, respectively, and always
start rolling down a fixed inclined plane from the same
height at the same time. Cylinder P has most of its mass remain in contact with the surfaces. If they reach B and D
concentrated near its surface, while Q has most of its mass with the same linear speed and v1 = 3 m/s, then v2 in m/s is
concentrated near the axis. Which statement (s) is (are) (g = 10 m/s2) (2015)
correct? (2012)
(a) Both cylinders P and Q reachthe ground at the same v1= 3m/s
A
time.
(b) Cylinder P has larger linear acceleration than cylinder 30 m
B
(c) Both cylinders reach the ground with same translational
kinetic energy.
(d) Cylinder Q reaches the ground with larger angular
speed.
v2
43. A uniform circular disc of mass 50 kg and radius 0.4 m C
is rotating with an angular velocity of 10 rad s–1 about its 27 m
own axis, which is vertical. Two uniform circular rings, D
each of mass 6.25 kg and radius 0.2 m, are gently placed
symmetrically on the disc in such a manner that they are
touching each other along the axis of the disc and are 47. A ring of mass M and radius R is rotating with angular speed
horizontal. Assume that the friction is large enough such ω about a fixed vertical axis passing through its centre O with
that the rings are at rest relative to the disc and the system
M
rotates about the original axis. The new angular velocity (in two point masses each of mass at rest at O. These masses
8
rad s–1) of the system is: (2013) can move readily outwards along two massless rods fixed
44. A horizontal circular platform of radius 0.5 m and mass on the ring as shown in the figure. At some instant angular
0.45 kg is free to rotate about its axis. Two massless spring 8 3
velocity is ω and one of the masses is at a distance of
toy-guns, each carrying a steel ball of mass 0.05 kg are 9 5
attached to the platform at a distance 0.25 m from the centre R from O. At this instant the distance of the other mass from
on its either sides along is diameter (see figure). Each gun O is (2015)

54 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

  51. Two thin circular discs of mass m and 4m, having radii of a
and 2a, respectively, are rigidly fixed by a massless, right
rod of length  = 24a through their center. This assembly
O is laid on a firm and flat surface, and set rolling without
slipping on the surface so that the angular speed about the
axis of the rod is ω. The angular momentum of the entire

2R R assembly about the point ‘O’ is L (see the figure). Which
(a) (b) of the following statement(s) is(are) true ? (2016)
3 3
3R 4R z 4m
(c) (d)
5 5
48. The densities of two solid sheres A and B of the same

r 
radii R vary with radial distance r as ρA (r) = k   and m
5 R
 r  2a
ρB (r) = k   , respectively, where k, is a constant. The a
R O
moments of inertia of the individual spheres about axes
passing through their centres are IA and IB, respectively. If
IB n (a) Te magnitude of angular momentum of the assembly
= , the value of n is: (2015)
I A 10 about its center of mass is 17ma2ω/2

49. A uniform wooden stick of mass 1.6 kg and length  rests in (b) The magnitude of the z-component of L is 55 ma2ω
an inclined manner on a smooth, vertical wall of height h (<) (c) The magnitude of angular momentum of center of mass
such that a small portion of the stick extends beyond the wall. of the assembly about the point O is 81 ma2ω
The reaction force of the wall on the stick is perpendicular (d) The center of mass of the assembly rotates about the
to the stick. The stick makes an angle of 30° with the wall z-axis with an angular speed of ω/5
and the bottom of the stick is on a rough floor. The reaction
of the wall on the stick is equal in magnitude to the reaction 52. A wheel of radius R and mass M is placed at the bottom of
of the floor on the stick. The ratio h/ and the frictional force a fixed step of height R as shown in the figure. A constant
f at the bottom of the stick are: (g = 10 ms–2)  (2016) force is continuously applied on the surface of the wheel
so that it just climbs the step without slipping. Consider
h 3 16 3 the torque τ about an axis normal to the plane of the paper
(a)
= = ,f N
 16 3 passing through the point Q. Which of the following options
h 3 16 3 is/are correct? (2017)
(b)= = ,f N
 16 3 S
h 3 3 8 3
(c)
= = ,f N R Q
 16 3 P
h 3 3 16 3
= =
(d) ,f N X
 16 3

50. The position vector r of a particle of mass m is given by the

following equation r ( t ) = αt 3iˆ + βt 2 ˆj ,
(a) If the force is applied normal to the circumference at
10 point P then τ is zero
where α = ms −3 , β = 5 ms–2 and m = 0.1 kg. At t = 1 s,
3
(b) If the force is applied tangentially at point S then
which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about the
particle? (2016) τ ≠ 0 but the wheel never climbs the step
 (c) If the force is applied at point P tangentially then

(a) The velocity v is given by=

( )
v 10iˆ + 10 ˆj ms −1
τ decreases continuously as the wheel climbs
(b) The angular momentum L with respect to the origin is (d) If the force is applied normal t the circumference at
 5 ˆ
given by L = −   kNms point X then τ is constant
 3  53. A rigid uniform bar AB of length L is slipping from it vertical
(c) The force F is given by F= iˆ + 2 ˆj N( ) position on a frictionless floor (as shown in the figure). At

(d) The torque τ with respect to the origin is given by some instant of tie, th angle made by the bar with the vertical
  20  is θ. Which of the following statements about its motion is/
τ = −   kNm
 3  are correct? (2017)

P Rotational Motion 55
W
 k
A (a) v = R
2m
L k
(b) v = R
m
B
(c) L = mk R 2
O mk 2
(a) The trajectory of the point A is a parabola (d) L = R
2
(b) Instantaneous torque about the point in contact with the 57. Consider a body of mass 1.0 kg at rest at the origin at time
floor is proportional to sin θ. 
t = 0. A force F = (αtiˆ + βˆj ) is applied on the body, where
(c) When the bar makes an angle θ with the vertical, the α = 1.0 Ns–1 and β =1.0 N. The torque acting on the body
displacement of its midpoint from the initial position is 
about the origin at time t = 1.0 s is τ . Which of the following
proportional to (1 – cos q) statements is(are) true? (2018)
(d) The midpoint of the bar will fall vertically downward.  1
(a) | τ |= Nm
Comprehension (Q. 54 to 55): One twirls a circular ring (mass 3 
M and radius R) near the tip of one’s finger as shown in Figure-1. (b) The torque τ is in the direction of the unit vector + k̂
In the process the finger never loses contact with the inner rim of  1  
(c) The velocity of the body at t = 1 s is= v (i + j ms −1 )
the ring . The finger traces out the surface of a cone, shown by the 2
(d) The magnitude of displacement of the body at t = 1 s is
dotted line. The radius of the path traced out by the point where 1
the ring and the finger is in contact is r. The finger rotates with m.
6
an angular velocity ω0. The rotating ring rolls without slipping 58. A ring and a disc are initially at rest, side by side, at the
on the outside of a smaller circle described by the point where top of an inclined plane which makes an angle 60° with the
the ring and the finger is in contact (Figure-2). The coefficient of horizontal. They start to roll without slipping at the same
friction between the ring and the finger is µ and the acceleration instant of time along the shortest path. If the time difference
due to gravity is g. (2017) between their reaching the ground is (2 − 3) / 10 s, then
the height of the top of the inclined plane, in meters, is ____.
Take g = 10 ms2(2018)
59. In the List-I below, four different paths of a particle are
r given a functions of time. In these functions α and β are
R positive constants of appropriate dimensions and α ≠ β.
R
In each case, the force acting on the particle is either zero
     or conservative. In List-II, five physical quantities of the
 
Figure-1           Figure-2 particle are mentioned; p is the linear momentum L is the
54. The total kinetic energy of the ring is : angular momentum about the origin, K is the kinetic energy,
U is the potential energy and E is the total energy. Match
1 2 3 2 each path in List-I with those quantities in List-II which are
(a) M ω02 ( R − r ) (b) M ω02 ( R − r )
2 2 conserved for that path  (2018)
(c) M ω02 R 2 (d) M ω02 ( R − r )2
List - I List - II
55. The minimum value of ω0 below which the ring will drop
 
down is : P. r ( t ) = αt iˆ + βt ˆj 1. p
g g  
(a)
µ(R − r)
(b)
2µ ( R − r ) Q. r ( t ) = α cos ωt iˆ + β sin ωt ˆj 2. L

(c)
3g
(d)
2g R. r (t ) = (
α cos ωt iˆ + sin ωt ˆj ) 3. K
2µ ( R − r ) µ(R − r)
 β
56. The potential energy of a particle of mass m at a distance r S. r (t ) =αt iˆ + t 2 ˆj 4. U
2
from a fixed point O is given by V(r) = kr2/2, where k is a
positive constant of appropriate dimensions. This particle is 5. E
moving in a circular orbit of radius R about the point O. If v is (a) P → 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Q → 2, 5; R → 2, 3, 4,5; S → 5
the speed of the particle and L is the magnitude of its angular (b) P → 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; Q → 3, 5; R → 2, 3, 4, 5; S → 2, 5
momentum about O, what of the following statements is(are) (c) P → 2, 3, 4 ; Q → 5; R → 1, 2, 4; S → 2, 5
true? (2018) (d) P → 1, 2, 3, 5; Q → 2, 5 ; R → 2, 3, 4, 5; S → 2, 5

56 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 60. A thin and uniform rod of mass M and length L is held vertical x = 25 cm
on a floor with large friction. The rod is released from rest so x=0
that it falls by rotating about its contact-point with the floor (c)
without slipping. Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct, when the rod makes an angle 60º with vertical ?
[g is the acceleration due to gravity] (2018)
(a) The radial acceleration of the rod’s center of mass will x=0 x = 100 cm
3g
be (d)
4
2g
(b) The angular acceleration of the rod will be
L
3g 63. Put a uniform meter scale horizontally on your extended
(c) The angular speed of the rod will be index fingers with the left one at 0.00 cm and the right one
2L
(d) The normal reaction force from the floor on the will be at 90.00 cm. When you attempt to move both the fingers
Mg slowly towards the center, initially only the left finger slips
16 with respect to the scale and the right finger does not. After
some distance the left finger stops and the right one starts
61. A football of radius R is kept on a hole of radius r (r < R) slipping. Then the right finger stops at a distance xR from the
made on a plank kept horizontally. One end of the plank is center (50.00 cm) of the scale and the let one starts slipping
now lifted so that it gets tilted making an angle θ from the again. This happens because of the difference in the frictional
horizontal as shown in the figure below. The maximum value forces on he two fingers. If the coefficients of static and
of θ so that the football does not start rolling down the plank dynamic friction between the fingers and the scale are 0.40
satisfies (figure is schematic and not drawn to scale) and 0.32, respectively, the value of xR (in cm) is _______
 (2020)  (2020)
Plank R 64. A rod of mass m and length L, pivoted at one of its ends, is
hanging vertically. A bullet of the same mass moving at speed
2r v strikes the rod horizontally at a distance x from its pivoted
 end and gets embedded in it. The combined system now
rotates with angular speed ω about the pivot. The maximum
r r
(a) sin θ = (b) tan θ = angular speed ωm is achieved for x = xM. Then (2020)
R R
r r
(c) sin θ = (d) cos θ =
2R 2R
62. A small roller of diameter 20 cm has an axle of diameter x
10 cm (see figure below on the left). It is on a horizontal
L
floor and a meter scale is positioned horizontally on its axle
with one edge of the scale on top of the axle (see figure on

the right). The scale is now pushed slowly on the axle so that v
it moves without slipping on the axle, and the roller starts
rolling without slipping. After the roller has moved 50 cm, 3vx 12vx
the position of the scale will look like (figures are schematic (a) ω = (b) ω =
L + 3x 2
2
L + 12 x 2
2
and not drawn to scale)- (2020) L v
(c) xM = (d) ωM = 3
3 2L
65. A horizontal force F is applied at the centre of mass of a
cylindrical object of mass m and radius, perpendicular to
its axis as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction
between the object and the ground is μ. The centre of mass
x = 0 x = 50 cm
of the object has an acceleration a. The acceleration due to
(a) gravity is g. Given that the object rolls without slipping,
which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?(2021)

x=0 x = 75 cm R

(b) F

P Rotational Motion 57
W
 (a) For the same F, the value of a does not depend on distance r = 0.5 m from the center of the sphere, as shown
whether the cylinder is solid or hollow in the figure. The acceleration of the sphere down the plane
(b) For a solid cylinder, the maximum possible value of a is____ ms–2. (Take g = 10 ms–2.) (2022)
is 2mg r
(c) The magnitude of the frictional force on the object
r
due to the ground is always mmg
F
(d) For a thin-walled hollow cylinder, a =
2m
66. A thin rod of mass M and length a is free to rotate in 
horizontal plane about a fixed vertical axis passing through 69. A particle of mass 1 kg is subjected to a force which depends
point O. A thin circular disc of mass M and of radius a / 4 is 
pivoted on this rod with its center at a distance a / 4 from the on the position as with F = ( )
−k xiˆ + yjˆ kg ms −2 . At time
free end so that it can rotate freely about its vertical axis, as   1 ˆ 
shown in the figure. Assume that both the rod and the disc t = 0, the particle’s position = r  i + 2 ˆj  m and
 2 
have uniform density and they remain horizontal during the
  2 ˆ 
 − 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + k  ms . Let vx and vy
−1
motion. An outside stationary observer finds the rod rotating its velocity v =
with an angular velocity Ω and the disc rotating about its  π 
vertical axis with angular velocity 4 Ω. The total angular denote the x and the y components of the particle’s velocity,
momentum of the system about the point O is. The value of respectively. Ignore gravity. When z = 0.5 m, the value of
 Ma 2Ω  (xvy – yvx) is ________ m2 s–1. (2022)
  n is (2021) 70. A flat surface of a thin uniform disk A of radius R is glued
 48 
to a horizontal table. Another thin uniform disk B of mass
 M and with the same radius R rolls without slipping on the
M 
M circumference of A, as shown in the figure. A flat surface of B
O also lies on the plane of the table. The center of mass of B has
a a/4 fixed angular speed w about the vertical axis passing through
67. At time t = 0, a disk of radius 1 m starts to roll without the center of A. The angular momentum of B is nMwR2 with
slipping on a horizontal plane with an angular acceleration respect to the center of A. Which of the following is the value
2 of n? (2022)
of α = rad s −2 . A small stone is stuck to the disk. At
3
t = 0, it is at the contact point of the disk and the plane.
Later, at time t= πs , the stone detaches itself and flies
off tangentially from the disk. The maximum height
(in m) reached by the stone measured from the plane is B
1 x A
+ . The value of x is [Take g = 10 ms–2]. (2022)
2 10

68. A solid sphere of mass 1 kg and radius 1 m rolls without

slipping on a fixed inclined plane with an angle of inclination
q = 30° from the horizontal. Two forces of magnitude (a) 2 (b) 5
1 N each, parallel to the incline, act on the sphere, both at (c) 7/2 (d) 9/2

58 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (a) [2], (b) [1] 2. [16,4] 3. [800] 4. (a) [8], (b) [4] 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b)
19. (b) 20. [6,10] 21. [2] 22. (a) 
23. [ k , 2 2 ] 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (b)
28. (b) 29. (b) 30. [2] 31. (c) 32. [1,3] 33. [3,2] 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (c)

EXERCISE-1 (TOPICWISE)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (c) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (a) 56. (b) 57. (a)

EXERCISE-2 (LEARNING PLUS)

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. [9] 49. [20]

EXERCISE-3 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (a,b,c) 2. (a,d) 3. (b,c) 4. (b,c,d) 5. (a,b,c) 6. (b,c) 7. (a,c,d) 8. (a,c,d) 9. (a,c) 10. (a,c,d)
11. (a,b,d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. [5 rad/s] 24. [0006] 25. [0100] 26. [0004] 27. [0010] 28. [0002] 29. [28] 30. [0055]
31. [0005]

EXERCISE-4 (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

JEE Main
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. [50.00] 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. [11] 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. [728] 28. [3] 29. (d) 30. (a)
31. (d) 32. [6] 33. (b) 34. [8] 35. (c)

JEE Advanced
36. (c) 37. [3] 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (d) 41. (a,b) 42. (d) 43. [8] 44. [4] 45. [2]
46. [7] 47. (d) 48. [6] 49. (d) 50. (a,b,d) 51. (a,d) 52. (a) 53. (b,c,d) 54. (Bonus) 55. (a)
56. (b,c) 57. (a,c) 58. [0.75] 59. (a) 60. (a,c,d) 61. (a) 62. (b) 63. [25.60] 64. (a,c,d) 65. (b, d)
66. [49] 67. [0.52] 68. [2.86] 69. [3] 70. (b)

P Rotational Motion 59
W
 CHAPTER

12 Gravitation

Net force will be given by integration of this vector.

NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION   Gdmm1
F ∫=
= dF ∫ rˆ
Newton’s law of gravitation states that every point mass in the r2
universe attracts every other point mass with a force directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them. The
direction of the force is along the line joining the particles. Train Your Brain
Therefore from Newton’s law of gravitation
Example 1: A mass M is split into two parts m and (M − m),
 Gm1m2 which are then separated by a certain distance. What ratio
F= rˆ  … (i)
r2 (M/m) maximizes the gravitational force between the parts?
where G is called the gravitational constant and r̂ is the unit Sol. If ‘r’ is the distance between m and (M − m), the
vector along the line joining the two point mass particles. gravitational force will be
( M – m) m G
F= G = 2 [ Mm – m 2 ]
r2 r
21
dF
The gravitational force between two particles form an action For F to be maximum, =0,
dm
reaction pair.
d G 
i.e., ( Mm – m 2 )  = 0
Superposition Principle dm  r 2 
If there are more than two point objects then the net force on any or, M − 2m = 0 [ G/r2 ≠ 0]
particular body is equal to the vector sum of forces due to all other or, M/m = 2, i.e., the force will be maximum when two
objects. parts are equal.
Example 2: Two particles of equal mass m = 10 kg are
moving in a circle of radius r = 1.65 m under the action
of their mutual gravitational attraction. Find the speed
(in µm/s) of each particle. (G = 6.6 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2)
Sol. The particles will always remain diametrically opposite
so that the force on each particle will be directed along
  
Net force on 1 is =
F1 F13 + F12 the radius.
m
Force Because of a Continuous Object r
Suppose we have a continuous object as shown. We need to find
force of gravitation on a point mass m1 as shown.
r
m
r̂ Considering the circular motion of one particle, we
r  m1 mv 2 Gm.m
dF have, =
r (2r ) 2

 Gdmm Gm
1  v = = 10 µm/s
Force due to dm will be dF = rˆ 4r
r2
 Exercise-1 (Topicwise)

FORCE/FIELD 8. A solid metallic sphere is placed in vacuum. It is given a

small charge. Due to the sphere, the gravitational acceleration
1. If the distance between two masses is doubled, the
at a distance x from the centre (inside the sphere) is
gravitational attraction between them
(a) Zero
(a) Is doubled
(b) Proportional to x
(b) Becomes four times
(c) Inversely proportional to x2
(c) Is reduced to half
(d) Inversely proportional to x
(d) Is reduced to a quarter
9. When a body is taken from the equator to the poles, its weight
2. Two particles of equal mass go round a circle of radius R
(a) Remains constant
under the action of their mutual gravitational attraction. The
speed of each particle is (b) Increases
(c) Decreases
1 1 Gm
(a) v = (b) v = (d) Increases at N-pole and decreases at S-pole
2 R Gm 2R
10. A body weighs 700 gm wt on the surface of the earth. How
1 Gm 4Gm
(c) v = (d) v = much will it weigh on the surface of a planet whose mass is
2 R R
1
and radius is half that of the earth
3. Gravitational mass is proportional to gravitational 7
(a) Field (b) Force (a) 200 gm wt (b) 400 gm wt
(c) Intensity (d) All of these (c) 50 gm wt (d) 300 gm wt
4. Earth binds the atmosphere because of 11. The radius of the earth is 6400 km and g = 10 m/sec2. In order
(a) Gravity that a body of 5 kg weighs zero at the equator, the angular
(b) Oxygen between earth and atmosphere speed of the earth is
(c) Both (a) and (b) (a) 1/80 radian/sec
(d) None of these (b) 1/400 radian/sec
(c) 1/800 radian/sec
5. Which of the following statements about the gravitational
constant is true (d) 1/1600 radian/sec
(a) It is a force 12. Select the wrong statement
(b) It has no unit The acceleration due to gravity ‘g’ decreases if
(c) It depends on the value of the masses (a) We go down from the surface of the earth towards its
(d) It does not depend on the nature of the medium in which centre.
the bodies are kept. (b) We go up from the surface of the earth.
6. Two identical solid copper spheres of radius R placed in (c) We go from the equator towards the poles on the surface
contact with each other. The gravitational attraction between of the earth.
them is proportional to (d) The rotational velocity of the earth is increased.
(a) R2 (b) R–2 13. If the earth suddenly shrinks (without changing mass) to half
(c) R4 (d) R–4 of its present radius, the acceleration due to gravity will be
(a) g/2 (b) 4g
VARIATION OF g (c) g/4 (d) 2g
7. The time period of a simple pendulum on a freely moving 14. If the angular speed of the earth is doubled, the value of
artificial satellite is acceleration due to gravity (g) at the north pole
(a) Zero (b) 2 sec (a) Doubles (b) Becomes half
(c) 3 sec (d) Infinite (c) Remains same (d) Becomes zero

88 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 15. Assume that the acceleration due to gravity on the surface 21. There are two bodies of masses 100 kg and 10000 kg
of the moon is 0.2 times the acceleration due to gravity on separated by a distance 1 m. At what distance from the
the surface of the earth. If Re is the maximum range of a smaller body, the intensity of gravitational field will be
projectile on the earth’s surface, what is the maximum range zero
on the surface of the moon for the same velocity of projection 1 1
(a) 0.2 Re (b) 2 Re (a) m (b) m
9 10
(c) 0.5 Re (d) 5 Re 1 10
(c) m (d) m
16. What will be the acceleration due to gravity at height h if 11 11
h >> R. Where R is radius of earth and g is acceleration due
22. The gravitational potential energy of a body of mass ‘m’ at
to gravity on the surface of earth
the earth’s surface –mgRe. Its gravitational potential energy
g  2h  at a height Re from the earth’s surface will be (Here Re is the
(a) (b) g 1 − 
 h
2  R radius of the earth)
1 +  (a) –2mgRe (b) 2mgRe
 R
g  h 1 1
(c) (d) g 1 −  (c) mgRe (d) − mgRe
 h
2  R 2 2
1 −  23. A body is projected vertically upwards from the surface of
 R
a planet of radius R with a velocity equal to half the escape
17. Acceleration due to gravity on moon is 1/6 of the acceleration velocity for that planet. The maximum height attained by
due to gravity on earth. If the ratio of densities of earth (ρe) the body is
ρ  5 (a) R/3 (b) R/2
and moon (ρm) is  e  = then radius of moon Rm in terms
 ρm  3 (c) R/4 (d) R/5
of Re will be
24. Energy required to move a body of mass m from an orbit of
5 1 radius 2R to 3R is
(a) Re (b) Re
18 6 (a) GMm/12R2 (b) GMm/3R2
3 1 (c) GMm/8R (d) GMm/6R
(c) Re (d) Re
18 2 3 25. The escape velocity from the earth is about 11 km/second.
The escape velocity from a planet having twice the radius
and the same mean density as the earth, is
GRAVITATION POTENTIAL, POTENTIAL
(a) 22 km/sec (b) 11 km/sec
ENERGY AND ESCAPE VELOCITY
(c) 5.5 km/sec (d) 15.5 km/sec
18. A body of mass m rises to height h = R/5 from the earth’s
26. A missile is launched with a velocity less than the escape
surface, where R is earth’s radius. If g is acceleration due to
velocity. The sum of its kinetic and potential energy is
gravity at earth’s surface, the increase in potential energy is
(a) Positive
4
(a) mgh (b) mgh (b) Negative
5
(c) Zero
5 6
(c) mgh (d) mgh (d) May be positive or negative depending upon its initial
6 7
velocity
19. In a gravitational field, at a point where the gravitational
potential is zero 27. Four particles each of mass M, are located at the vertices of
a square with side L. The gravitational potential due to this
(a) The gravitational field is necessarily zero
at the centre of the square is
(b) The gravitational field is not necessarily zero
GM GM
(c) Nothing can be said definitely about the gravitational (a) − 32 (b) − 64 2
field L L
(d) None of these GM
(c) Zero (d) 32
20. The mass of the earth is 6.00 × 1024 kg and that of the L
moon is 7.40 × 10 22 kg. The constant of gravitation
G = 6.67 × 10–11 N–m2/kg2. The potential energy of the
SATELLITE MOTION
system is –7.79 × 1028 joules. The mean distance between 28. The escape velocity of a projectile from the earth is
the earth and moon is approximately
(a) 3.80 × 108 metres (b) 3.37 × 106 metres (a) 11.2 m/sec (b) 112 km/sec
4
(c) 7.60 × 10 metres (d) 1.90 × 102 metres (c) 11.2 km/sec (d) 11200 km/sec

P
W Gravitation 89
29. If the radius of a planet is R and its density is ρ, the escape KEPLER'S LAWS
velocity from its surface will be
37. A satellite which is geostationary in a particular orbit is taken
(a) ve ∝ ρR (b) ve ∝ R ρ to another orbit. Its distance from the centre of earth in new
ρ 1 orbit is 2 times that of the earlier orbit. The time period in
(c) ve ∝ (d) ve ∝ the second orbit is
R ρR
(a) 4.8 hours (b) 48 2 hours
30. Which is constant for a satellite in orbit
(c) 24 hours (d) 24 2 hours
(a) Velocity (b) Angular momentum
38. Kepler discovered
(c) Potential energy (d) Acceleration
(a) Laws of motion
31. Select the correct statement from the following (b) Laws of rotational motion
(a) The orbital velocity of a satellite increases with the (c) Laws of planetary motion
radius of the orbit
(d) Laws of curvilinear motion
(b) Escape velocity of a particle from the surface of the
39. The period of a satellite in a circular orbit of radius R is T,
earth depends on the speed with which it is fired
the period of another satellite in a circular orbit of radius 4R
(c) The time period of a satellite does not depend on the is:
radius of the orbit (a) 4 T (b) T/4
(d) The orbital velocity is inversely proportional to the (c) 8 T (d) T/8
square root of the radius of the orbit
40. Orbit of a planet around a star is
32. The ratio of the K.E. required to be given to the satellite (a) A circle (b) An ellipse
to escape earth’s gravitational field to the K.E. required to
(c) A parabola (d) A straight line
be given so that the satellite moves in a circular orbit just
above earth atmosphere is 41. Two planets move around the sun. The periodic times and
the mean radii of the orbits are T1, T2 and r1, r2 respectively.
(a) One (b) Two
The ratio T1/T2 is equal to
(c) Half (d) Infinity (a) (r1/r2)1/2 (b) r1/r2
33. For a satellite escape velocity is 11 km/s. If the satellite is (c) (r1/r2)2 (d) (r1/r2)3/2
launched at an angle of 60° with the vertical, then escape
42. A satellite of mass m is circulating around the earth with
velocity will be constant angular velocity. If radius of the orbit is R0 and mass
(a) 11 km/s (b) 11 3 km/s of the earth M, the angular momentum about the centre of
11 the earth is
(c) km/s (d) 33 km/s
3 (a) m GMR 0 (b) M GMR 0

34. Which of the following statements is correct in respect of a GM GM

(c) m (d) M
geostationary satellite R0 R0
(a) It moves in a plane containing the Greenwich meridian
43. The figure shows the motion of a planet around the sun in
(b) It moves in a plane perpendicular to the celestial an elliptical orbit with sun at the focus. The shaded areas A
equatorial plane and B are also shown in the figure which can be assumed
(c) Its height above the earth’s surface is about the same as to be equal. If t1 and t2 represent the time for the planet to
the radius of the earth move from a to b and d to c respectively, then
(d) Its height above the earth’s surface is about six times b
a
the radius of the earth A
35. An earth satellite S has an orbit radius which is 4 times that S
of a communication satellite C. The period of revolution of
B
S is d c
(a) 4 days (b) 8 days
(a) t1 < t2 (b) t1 > t2
(c) 16 days (d) 32 days
(c) t1 = t2 (d) t1 ≤ t2
36. If ve and v0 represent the escape velocity and orbital velocity
of a satellite corresponding to a circular orbit of radius R, 44. The distance of a planet from the sun is 5 times the distance
between the earth and the sun. The time period of the planet
then
is
(a) ve = v0 (b) 2v0 = ve (a) 53/2 years (b) 52/3 years
(c) ve = v0 2 (d) ve and v0 are not related (c) 51/3 years (d) 51/2 years

90 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 Exercise-2 (Learning Plus)

1. If the distance between sun and earth is made 3 times of the 4. Two concentric shells of uniform density of mass M 1
present value then gravitational force between them will and M2 are situated as shown in the figure. The forces
become experienced by a particle of mass m when placed at
1 positions A, B and C respectively are (given OA = p,
(a) 9 times (b) times OB = q and OC = r).
9
1
(c) times (d) 3 times M2
3 M1
2. Three particles P, Q and R are placed as per given figure. p
O
Masses of P, Q and R are 3 m, 3 m and m respectively. r
A
c
The gravitational force on a fourth particle ‘S’ of mass m is q
equal to B
S (m)
T U
M 1m ( M1 + m2 )m
(a) 0, G 2
and G
q p2
3d ( M1 + M 2 )m ( M1 + M 2 )m M 1m
(b) G 2
,G 2
and G
p q r2

P R M 1m G ( M1 + M 2 )m M 1m
3d
Q
d
(m) (c) G , ,G and 0
q2 p2 q2
3m
3m

3 GM 2 G ( M1 + M 2 )m M 1m
(a) in ST direction only (d) 2
,G and 0
2d 2 p q2

3 Gm 2 3 Gm 2 5. If R is the radius of the earth and g the acceleration due to

(b) in SQ direction and in SU direction gravity on the earth’s surface, the mean density of the earth
2d 2 2d 2
is
3 Gm 2 (a) 4πG/3gR (b) 3πR/4gG
(c) in SQ direction only
2d 2 (c) 3g/4πRG (d) πRg/12G
3 Gm 2 3 Gm 2 6. The height above surface of earth where the value of
(d) 2
in SQ direction and 2
in ST direction gravitational acceleration is one fourth of that at surface,
2d 2d
will be
3. Gravitational field at the centre of a semicircle formed by a thin
(a) Re/4 (b) Re /2 (c) 3Re/4 (d) Re
wire AB of mass m and length  as shown in the figure is:
y 7. The decrease in the value of g on going to a height R/2 above
the earth’s surface will be

5g 4g g
(a) g/2 (b) (c) (d)
4 9 3
8. If the rotational motion of earth increases, then the weight
A O B
of the body
Gm
(a) along + x axis (a) will remain same (b) will increase
2
(c) will decrease (d) none of these
Gm
(b) along + y axis 9. If the acceleration due to gravity inside the earth is to be
π 2 kept constant, then the relation between the density d and
2 π Gm the distance r from the centre of earth will be
(c) along + x axis
2 (a) d ∝ r (b) d ∝ r1/2
2 π Gm 1
(d) along + y axis (c) d ∝ 1/r (d) d ∝ 2
2 r

P
W Gravitation 91
10. If the radius of the earth be increased by a factor of 5, by 18. In the above given three particle system, if two particles
what factor its density be changed to keep the value of g the are kept fixed and third particle is released. Then speed
same? of the particle when it reaches to the mid-point of the side
(a) 1/25 (b) 1/5 connecting other two masses
(c) 1/ 5 (d) 5 2Gm Gm
(a) (b) 2
11. The mass and diameter of a planet are twice those of earth. a a
What will be the period of oscillation of a pendulum on this Gm Gm
planet if it is two seconds pendulum on earth? (c) (d)
a 2a
(a) 2 second (b) 2 2 seconds
19. A particle of mass M is at a distance a from surface of a thin
1 1
(c) second (d) second spherical shell of equal mass and having radius a.
2 2 2 M a
12. If a body is carried from surface of earth to moon, then
(a) the weight of a body will continuously increase M
(b) the mass of a body will continuously increase
(c) the weight of a body will decrease first, become zero
and then increase, (a) Gravitational field and potential both are zero at centre
(d) the mass of a body will decrease first, become zero and of the shell
then increase. (b) Gravitational field is zero not only inside the shell but
13. Let gravitation field in a space be given as E = – (k/r). If the at a point outside the shell also
reference point is at distance di where potential is Vi then (c) Inside the shell, gravitational field alone is zero
relation for potential is (d) Neither gravitational field nor gravitational potential is
1 r zero inside the shell
(a) V = k n +0 (b) V = k n + Vi
Vi di 20. If the kinetic energy of a satellite orbiting around the earth
r r V is doubled then
(c) V = n + kVi (d) V = n + i
di di k (a) the satellite will escape into the space.
(b) the satellite will fall down on the earth
14. A very large number of particles of same mass m are kept
at horizontal distances of 1m, 2m, 4m, 8m and so on from (c) radius of its orbit will be doubled
(0, 0) point. The total gravitational potential at this point is (d) radius of its orbit will become half.
(a) – 8G m (b) – 3G m 21. Two planets A and B have the same material density. If the
(c) – 4G m (d) – 2G m radius of A is twice that of B, then the ratio of the escape
15. A body starts from rest at a point, distance R0 from the centre v
velocity A is
of the earth of mass M, radius R. The velocity acquired by vB
the body when it reaches the surface of the earth will be (a) 2 (b) 2
1 1  1 1  (c) 1/ 2 (d) 1/2
(a) GM  −  (b) 2 GM  − 
 R R0   R R0  22. A projectile is fired from the surface of earth of radius R
with a speed kνe in radially outward direction (where νe is
1 1  1 1  the escape velocity and k < 1). Neglecting air resistance, the
(c) 2GM  −  (d) 2GM  − 
 R R0   R R0  maximum distance of rise from centre of earth is
16. Three equal masses each of mass ‘m’ are placed at the R R
(a) 2 (b) k2R (c) (d) kR
three-corners of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’. If a fourth k +1 1− k2
particle of equal mass is placed at the centre of triangle, then 23. Two different masses are dropped from same heights, then
net force acting on it, is equal to just before these strike the ground, the following is same
G m2 4G m 2 3G m 2 (a) kinetic energy (b) potential energy
(a) (b) (c) (d) zero
a2 3a 2 a2 (c) linear momentum (d) Acceleration
17. If three particles system of equilateral triangle m 24. Work done in taking a body of mass m to a height nR above
side a is to be changed to side of 2a, then work a a surface of earth will be: (R = radius of earth)
done on the system is equal to m a m (a) mgnR (b) mgR (n/n + 1)
3G m 2 3G m 2 4 G m2 G m2 (n + 1) mgR
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) mgR (d)
a 2a 3a a n n(n + 1)

92 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

25. The potential energy of a body of mass 3kg on the surface 32. A planet of mass m revolves around the sun of mass M in an
of a planet is 54 joule. The escape velocity will be elliptical orbit. The minimum and maximum distance of the
(a) 18m/s (b) 162 m/s planet from the sun are r1 & r2 respectively. If the minimum
(c) 36 m/s (d) 6 m/s 2GMr1
velocity of the planet is then it’s maximum
26. A body of mass m is situated at a distance 4Re above the velocity will be (r1 + r2 )r2
earth’s surface, where Re is the radius of earth. How much
2GMr2 2GMr1
minimum energy be given to the body so that it may escape (a) (b) g
(r1 + r2 )r1 (r1 + r2 )r2
(a) mgRe (b) 2mgRe
mgRe mgRe 2Gmr2 2GM
(c) (d) (c) (d)
5 16 (r1 + r2 )r1 r1 + r2
27. Periodic-time of satellite revolving around the earth is
33. A planet has mass 1/10 of that of earth, while radius is 1/3
(ρ is density of earth)
that of earth. If a person can throw a stone on earth surface
1 1 to a height of 90m, then he will be able to throw the stone
(a) Proportional to (b) Proportional to
ρ ρ on that planet to a height
(c) Proportional ρ (d) does not depend on ρ. (a) 90m (b) 40 m
28. A satellite of the earth is revolving in circular orbit with (c) 100 m (d) 45 m
a uniform velocity V. If the gravitational force suddenly 34. The ratio of distances of satellites A and B from the centre
disappears, the statellite will of the earth is 1.4 : 1, then the ratio of energies of satellites
(a) continue to move with the same velocity in the same B and A will be
orbit (a) 1.4 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
(b) move tangentially to the original orbit with velocity V (c) 1 : 3 (d) 4 : 1
(c) fall down with increasing velocity 35. A satellite can be in a geostationary orbit around earth
(d) come to a stop somewhere in its original orbit at a distance r from the centre. If the angular velocity of
29. A satellite revolves in the geostationary orbit but in a direction earth about its axis doubles, a satellite can now be in a
east to west. The time interval between its successive passing geostationary orbit around earth if its distance from the center
about a point on the equator is is
(a) 48 hrs (b) 24 hrs (c) 12 hrs (d) never r r
(a) (b)
30. Two point masses of mass 4m and m respectively separated 2 2 2
by d distance are revolving under mutual force of attraction. r r
Ratio of their kinetic energies will be (c) (d)
(4)1/3 (2)1/3
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 5 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
36. A body is dropped by a satellite in its geo-stationary orbit
31. The figure shows the variation of energy with the orbit radius
(a) it will burn on entering into the atmosphere.
of a body in circular planetary motion. Find the correct
statement about the curves A, B and C (b) it will remain in the same place with respect to the earth.
(c) it will reach the earth in 24 hours
(d) it will perform uncertain motion
A
37. The orbital velocity of an artificial satellite in a circular orbit
just above the earth’s surface is v. For a satellite orbiting at
Energy

r an altitude of half of the earth’s radius, the orbital velocity

C is
B 3 3
(a) v (b) v
2 2
2 2
(a) A shows the kinetic energy, B the total energy and C (c) v (d) v
3 3
the potential energy of the system
38. When a satellite moves around the earth in a certain orbit,
(b) C shows the total energy, B the kinetic energy and A
the quantity which remains constant is
the potential energy of the system
(a) Angular velocity
(c) C and A are kinetic and potential energies respectively
and B is the total energy of the system (b) Kinetic energy
(d) A and B are kinetic and potential energies and C is the (c) Areal velocity
total energy of the system (d) Potential energy

P
W Gravitation 93
 39. A planet of mass m is in an elliptical orbit about the sun m
(m << Msun) with an orbital period T. If A be the area of orbit,
then its angular momentum would be r
m m
2mA
(a) (b) mAT
T
m
mA
(c) (d) 2mAT 1
2T  Gm  1 + 2 2  2 Gm
(a)     (b) 3
40. Four similar particles of mass m are orbiting in a circle of
 r  4   r
radius r in the same direction and same speed because of
Gm
their mutual gravitational attractive force as shown in the
figure. Velocity of a particle is given by
(c)
r
(
1+ 2 2 ) (d) zero

Exercise-3 (JEE Advanced Level)

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS 4. A geostationary satellite is at a height h above the surface
of earth. If earth radius is R
1. Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform density the A
acceleration due to gravity
(a) At a point outside the earth is inversely proportional to O B
the square of its distance from the center
(b) At a point outside the earth is inversely proportional to
its distance from the centre (a) The minimum colatitude on earth upto which the satellite
can be used for communication is sin–1{R/(R + h)}
(c) At a point inside is zero
(b) The maximum colatitudes on earth upto which the
(d) At a point inside is proportional to its distance from the satellite can be used for communication is
centre sin–1{R/(R + h)}
2. A tunnel is dug along a chord of the earth at a perpendicular (c) The area on earth escaped from this satellite is given as
distance R/2 from the earth’s centre. The wall of the tunnel 2πR2(1 + sinθ)
may be assumed to be frictionless. A particle is released from (d) The area on earth escaped from this satellite is given as
2πR2(1 + cosθ)
one end of the tunnel. The pressing force by the particle on
the wall and the acceleration of the particle varies with x 5. Inside an isolated uniform spherical shell:
(distance of the particle from the centre) according to: (a) The gravitation potential is not zero
(b) The gravitational field is not zero
(a) Pressing (b) Pressing
Force Force (c) The gravitational potential is same everywhere
(d) The gravitational field is same everywhere.
6. A satellite close to the earth is in orbit above the equator with
x x
x=R/2 x=R x=R/2 x=R a period of revolution of 1.5 hours. If it is above a point P
on the equator at some time, it will be above P again after
(c) acceleration (d) acceleration
time
(a) 1.5 hours
(b) 1.6 hours if it is rotating from west to east
x x
x=R/2 x=R x=R/2 x=R (c) 24/17 hours if it is rotating from east to west
3. In side a hollow spherical shell (d) 24/17 hours if it is rotating from west to east
(a) Everywhere gravitational potential is zero 7. In case of earth
(b) Everywhere gravitational field is zero (a) Field is zero, both at centre and infinity
(b) Potential is zero, both at centre and infinity
(c) Everywhere gravitational potential is same
(c) Potential is same, both at centre and infinity but not zero
(d) Everywhere gravitational field is same (d) Potential is minimum at the centre

94 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 8. A communications Earth satellite Comprehension (Q. 13 to 14): Figure shows the orbit of a planet
(a) Goes round the earth from east to west P round the sun S. AB and CD are the minor and major axes of
(b) Can be in the equatorial plane only the ellipse.
(c) Can be vertically above any place on the earth A P
(d) Goes round the earth from west to east
9. For a satellite to orbit around the earth, which of the following D C
must be true? S
(a) It must be above the equator at some time
(b) It cannot pass over the poles at any time B
(c) Its height above the surface cannot exceed 36,000 km
(d) Its period of rotation must be > 2π R / g where R is 13. If t1 is the time taken by the planet to travel along ACB and
radius of earth t2 the time along BDA, then
(a) t1 = t2
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS (b) t1 > t2
Comprehension (Q. 10 to 12): Many planets are revolving (c) t1 < t2
around the fixed sun, in circular orbits of different radius (R) and
different time period (T). To estimate the mass of the sun, the (d) nothing can be concluded
orbital radius (R) and time period (T) of planets were noted. Then 14. If U is the potential energy and K kinetic energy then |U| >
log10 T v/s log10 R curve was plotted. |K| at
The curve was found to be approximately straight line (as (a) Only D (b) Only C
shown in figure) having y intercept = 6.0. (Neglect the gravitational
interaction among the planets.) (c) Both D & C (d) neither D nor C

20
[Take G = × 10−11 Nm2/kg2, π2 = 10] MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS
3
log(R metre) 15. A particle is taken to a distance r (> R) from centre of the
earth. R is radius of the earth. It is given velocity V which is

Sun perpendicular to r . With the given values of V in column
I you have to match the values of total energy of particle in
6.0
log (Tsec.) column II and the resultant path of particle in column III.
Here ‘G’ is the universal gravitational constant and ‘M’ is
10. The slope of the line should be the mass of the earth.
3 2 19
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) Column I (Velocity) Column II Column III
2 3 4 (Total energy) (Path)
11. Estimate the mass of the sun
A. p. Negative t. Elliptical
(a) 6 × 1029 kg (b) 5 × 1020 kg V= GM /r
(c) 8 × 1025 kg (d) 3 × 1035 kg B. q. Positive u. Parabolic
V= 2GM /r
12. Two planets A and B, having orbital radius R and 4R are C. r. Zero v. Hyperbolic
initially at the closest position and rotating in the same V> 2GM /r
direction. If angular velocity of planet B is ω0, then after D. s. Infinite w. Circular
how much time will both the planets be again in the closest GM /r < V< 2GM /r
position? (Neglect the interaction between planets) (a) A-(p,w); B-(r,u); C-(q,v); D-(p,t)
(b) A-(p,t); B-(p,w); C-(p,r); D-(q,u)
ω0
R (c) A-(p,u); B-(q,w); C-(t,r); D-(q,v)
A B
S (d) A-(r,w); B-(q,t); C-(q,r); D-(p,t)
4R
16. Let V and E denote the gravitational potential and
gravitational field respectively at a point due to certain
uniform mass distribution described in four different
2π 2π situations of column-I. Assume the gravitational potential
(a) (b)
7 ω0 9 ω0 at infinity to be zero. The value of E and V are given in
2π 2π column-II. Match the statement in column-I with results in
(c) (d)
ω0 5 ω0 column-II.

P
W Gravitation 95
 Column-Ι Column-ΙΙ 19. You are at a distance of R = 1.5 × 106 m from the centre
of an unknown planet. You notice that if you throw a ball
A. At centre of thin spherical p. E=0 horizontally it goes completely around the planet hitting you
shell in the back 90,000 seconds later with exactly the same speed
that you originally threw it. If the length of semi major axis
B. At centre of solid sphere q. E≠0
of ball is 2R, what is the mass of the planet. Express in form
C. A solid sphere has a non- r. V≠0 a × 10b kg and fill a + b in OMR sheet.
concentric spherical cavity 20
[Take: G = × 10–11 Nm2/kg2, π2 = 10]
At the centre of the spherical 3
cavity 20. Imagine a frictionless tunnel along a chord of earth having
length equal to radius of earth R. Particle is thrown from
D. At centre of line joining s. V=0
3 gR
two point masses of equal surface of earth inside it along its length at a velocity
magnitude 4
where g is acceleration due to gravity on surface of earth.
(a) A-(r); B-(p); C-(q); D-(s) Find the time (in sec) taken by particle to cross the tunnel.
(b) A-(q); B-(p); C-(r); D-(s) Take g = 10 m/s2, π = 3.14 and R = 6400 km.
(c) A-(p); B-(q); C-(q); D-(r) 21. A spherical planet has no atmosphere and consists of pure
gold. Find the minimum orbital period T (in sec.) for a
(d) A-(r); B-(q); C-(r); D-(q)
satellite circling the planet.
Take density of gold as 5π × 103 kg/m3 and
NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS 20
G= × 10−11 Nm 2 / kg 2
17. A satellite of earth is in near earth circular orbit. What is its 3
speed (in km/s). Round off to nearest integer. 22. Two particles of mass ‘m’ and 3m are initially at rest an
18. Gravitational potential difference between a point on surface infinite distance apart. Both the particles start moving due to
of planet and another point 10 m above is 4J /kg. Considering gravitational attraction. At any instant their relative velocity
gravitational field to be uniform , how much work is done ηGm
of approach is , where ‘d’ is their separation at that
by an external agent in moving a mass of 2.0 kg from the d
surface to a point 5.0 m above the surface slowly. instant. Find η.

Exercise-4 (Past Year Questions)

JEE MAIN (Neglect the effect of atmosphere.) (2019)

1. The variation of acceleration due to gravity g with distance (a) 2gr (b) gr
d from centre of the earth is best represented by (R = Earth’s (c) gr /2 (d) gr ( 2 − 1)
radius):(2017)
3. A satellite is moving with a constant speed υ in circular orbit
(a) g (b) g around the earth. An object of mass ‘m’ is ejected from the
satellite such that it just escapes from the gravitational pull
of the earth. At the time of ejection, the kinetic energy of
the object is(2019)
O d O R d (a) 2mυ2 (b) mυ2
R
(c) g (d) g 1 3
(c) mυ2 (d) mυ2
2 2
4. If the angular momentum of a planet of mass m, moving a
round the Sun in a circular orbit is L, about the center of the
d d Sun, its areal velocity is (2019)
O O R
L 4L
2. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height ‘h’ from (a) (b)
the earth’s surface (radius of earth R ; h << R). The minimum m m
increase in its orbital velocity required, so that the satellite L 2L
(c) (d)
could escape from the earth’s gravitational field, is close to: 2m m

96 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 5. Two satellites, A and B, have masses m and 2m respectively. 10. Four identical particles of mass M are located at the corners
A is in a circular orbit of radius R, and B is in a circular of a square of side ‘a’. What should be their speed if each
orbit of radius 2R around the earth. The ratio of their kinetic of them revolves under the influence of other’s gravitational
energies, TA / TB is (2019) field in a circular orbit circumscribing the square? (2019)
1
(a) (b) 1
2
1 a
(c) 2 (d)
2
6. A satellite of mass M is in a circular orbit of radius R about
the centre of the earth. A meteorite of the same mass, falling
towards the earth collides with the satellite completely
inelastically. The speeds of the satellite and the meteorite are
the same, just before the collision. The subsequent motion GM GM
(a) 1.21 (b) 1.41
of the combined body will be (2019) a a
(a) such that it escapes to infinity
GM GM
(b) in an elliptical orbit (c) 1.16 (d) 1.35
a a
(c) in the same circular orbit of radius R
(d) in a circular orbit of a different radius 11. A spaceship orbits around a planet at a height of 20 km
from its surface. Assuming that only gravitational field of
7. A straight rod of length L extends from x = a to x = L + a.
the planet acts on the spaceship, what will be the number
The gravitational force it exerts on a point mass ‘m’ at x =
of complete revolutions made by the spaceship in 24 hours
0, if the mass per unit length of the rod is A + Bx2, is given
by (2019) around the planet?
[Given: Mass of planet = 8 × 1022 kg;
 1 1 
(a) Gm  A  −  − BL  Radius of planet = 2 × 106 m,
  a + L a  
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/ kg2] (2019)
 1 1  
(b) Gm  A  −  − BL 
(a) 9 (b) 11
 a a+L  (c) 13 (d) 17
 1 1  12. A rocket has to be launched from earth in such a way that it
(c) Gm  A  −  + BL 
 a + L a  never returns. If E is the minimum energy delivered by the
 
rocket launcher, what should be the minimum energy that
 1 1  
(d) Gm  A  −  + BL 
the launcher should be the minimum energy that the launcher
 a a+L  should have if the same rocket is to be launched from the
surface of the moon? Assume that the density of the earth
8. Two stars of masses 3 × 1031 kg each, and at distance 2 × and the moon are equal and that the earth’s volume is 64
1011 m rotate in a plane about their common centre of mass times the volume of the moon (2019)
O.A meteorite passes through O moving perpendicular to the
E E
star’s rotation plane. In order ot escape from the gravitational (a) (b)
field of this double star, the minimum speed that meteorite 4 16
should have at O is (Take Gravitational constant G = 6.67 E E
(c) (d)
×10–11 Nm2 kg–2) (2019) 32 64
(a) 2.4 × 104 m/s 13. A solid sphere of mass ‘M’ and radius ‘a’ is surrounded by a
(b) 1.4 × 105 m/s uniform concentric spherical shell of thickness 2a and mass
(c) 3.8 × 104 m/s 2M. The gravitational field at distance ‘3a’ from the centre
(d) 2.8 × 105 m/s will be: (2019)
9. A test particle is moving in a circular orbit in the 2GM GM GM 2GM
(a) 2
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d)
K 9a 3a 9a 3a 2
gravitational field produced by a mass density ρ ( r ) =.
r2 14. The ratio of the weights of a body on the Earth’s surface to
Identify the correct relation between the radius R of the that on the surface of a planet is 9 : 4. The mass of the planet
particle’s orbit and its period T (2019) is 1/9 th of that of the Earth. If ‘R’ is the radius of the Earth,
2
(a) T/R is a constant what is the radius of the planet? (Take the planets to have
(b) TR is a constant the same mass density) (2019)
(c) T 2/R3 is a constant R R R R
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(d) T \R is a constant 3 2 4 9

P
W Gravitation 97
15. The value of acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface 21. The height ‘h’ at which the weight of a body will be the
is 9.8 ms–2. The altitude above its surface at which the same as that at the same depth ‘h’ from the surface of the
acceleration due to gravity decreases to 4.9 ms–2, is close earth is (Radius of the earth is R and effect of the rotation
to: (Radius of earth = 6.4 × 106 m) (2019) of the earth is neglected) (2020)
6
(a) 1.6 × 10 m 6
(b) 6.4 × 10 m 5R − R 3R − R
(c) 9.0 × 106 m (d) 2.6 × 106 m (a) (b)
2 2
16. A satellite of mass m is launched vertically upwards with an R 5
initial speed u from the surface of the earth. After it reaches (c) (d) R−R
2 2
m
height R(R = radius of the earth), it ejects a rocket of mass K
10 22. The mass density of a spherical galaxy varies as over a
so that subsequently the satellite moves in a circular orbit. r
The kinetic energy of the rocket is (G is the gravitational large distance ‘r’ from it s centre. In that region, a small star is
constant; M is the mass of the earth) (2020) in a circular orbit of radius R. Then the period of revolution,
T depends on R as(2020)
m  2 113 GM   2 119 GM 
(a) u +  (b) 5m  u −  1
20  200 R   200 R  (a) T 2 ∝ 3 (b) T 2 ∝ R
R
2 2
3m  5GM  m 2GM  (c) T ∝ R (d) T 2 ∝ R3
(c) u +  (d) u − 
8  6R  2  3R  23. The mass density of a planet of radius R varies with the
17. A box weights 196 N on a spring balance at the north pole.
 r2 
distance r from its centre as ρ(r) = ρ0 1 − 2  . Then the
Its weight recorded on the same balance if it is shifted to the gravitational field is maximum at  R  (2020)
equator is close to (Take g = 10 ms–2 at the north pole and
1 3
the radius of the earth = 6400 km) (2020) (a) r = R (b) r = R
3 4
(a) 194.66 N (b) 195.66 N
(c) 195.32 N (d) 194.32 N 5
(c) r = R (c) r = R
18. Consider two solid spheres of radii R1 = 1m, R2 = 2m and 9
masses M1 and M2, respectively. The gravitational field due 24. A satellite is moving in a low nearly circular orbit around
M the earth. Its radius is roughly equal to that of the earth’s
to sphere (a) and (b) are shown. The value of 1 is(2020)
M2 radius Re. By firing rockets attached to it, its speed is
instantaneously increased in the direction of its motion so
Gravitational field E

3
4 that it become times larger. Due to this the farthest
3 2
(2) distance from the centre of the earth that the satellite reaches
2
(1) is R. Value of R is (2020)
1
(a) 3Re (b) 4Re
0 1 2 3 4 5radius R (c) 2.5Re (d) 2Re
2 1 25. A body is moving in a low circular orbit about a planet of
(a) (b) mass M and radius R. The radius of the orbit can be taken
3 3
to be R itself. Then the ratio of the speed of this body in the
1 1 orbit to the escape velocity from the planet is (2020)
(c) (d)
2 6
(a) 1 (b) 2
19. An asteroid is moving directly towards the centre of the 1
earth. When at a distance of 10R (R is the radius of the earth) (c) 2 (d)
2
from the earths centre, it has a speed of 12 km/s. Neglecting
the effect of earths atmosphere, what will be the speed of 26. On the x-axis and at a distance x from the origin, the
the asteroid when it hits the surface of the earth (escape gravitational field due to a mass distribution is given
velocity from the earth is 11.2 km/s–1)? Give your answer Ax
by in the x-direction. The magnitude of
to the nearest integer in kilometer/s____________. (2020) ( x + a 2 )3/2
2

20. Planet A has mass M and radius R. Planet B has half the mass gravitational potential on the x-axis at a distance x, taking
and half the radius of Planet A. If the escape velocities from its value to be zero at infinity, is (2020)
the Planets A and B are VA and VB, respectively, then VA/VB A
= n/4. The value of n is (2020) (a) A(x2 + a2)3/2 (b)
( x 2 + a 2 )3/2
(a) 3 (b) 2 A
(c) (d) A(x2 + a2)1/2
(c) 1 (d) 4 ( x + a 2 )1/2
2

98 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 27. The acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface at the 33. The approximate height from the surface of earth at which the
poles is g and angular velocity of the earth about the axis weight of the body becomes 1/3 of its weight on the surface
passing through the pole is ω. An object is weighed at the of earth is [Radius of earth R = 6400 km and 3 = 1.732]
equator and at a height h above the poles by using a spring
(2022)
balance. If the weights are found to be same, then h is
(h << R, where R is the radius of the earth) (2020) (a) 3840 km
(b) 4685 km
R 2 ω2 R 2 ω2
(a) (b) (c) 2133 km
2g g
(d) 4267 km
R 2 ω2 R 2 ω2
(c) (d) 34. The distance between Sun and Earth is R. The duration of
8g 4g year if the distance between Sun and Earth becomes 3R will
28. The value of the acceleration due to gravity is g1 at a height be (2022)
R (a) 3 years
h= (R = radius of the earth) from the surface of the earth.
2 (b) 3 years
It is again equal to g1 at a depth d below the surface of the
(c) 9 years
d
earth. The ratio   equals (2020) (d) 3 3 years
R
5 1 35. The height of any point P above the surface of earth is equal
(a) (b) to diameter of earth. Hie value of acceleration due to gravity
9 3
at point P will be (Given g = acceleration due to gravity at
7 4 the surface of earth) (2022)
(c) (d)
9 9 (a) g/2 (b) g/4
29. Two planets have masses M and 16M and their radii are a (c) g/3 (d) g/9
and 2a, respectively. The separation between the centres of
36. Two satellites S1 and S2 are revolving in circular orbits
the planets is 10a. A body of mass m is fired from the surface
around a planet with radius R1 = 3200 km and R2 = 800 km
of the larger planet towards the smaller planet along the line
respectively. The ratio of speed of satellite S1 to the speed
joining their centres. For the body to be able to reach at the
of satellite S2 in their respective orbits would be 1/x where
surface of smaller planet, the minimum firing speed needed
x = (2022)
is (2020)
37. Two planets A and B of equal mass are having their period of
3 5GM GM 2 revolutions TA and TB such that TA = 2TB. These planets are
(a) (b)
2 a ma revolving in the circular orbits of radii rA and rB respectively.
GM GM Which out of the following would be the correct relationship
(c) 2 (d) 4 of their orbits? (2022)
ma a
(a) 2rA2 = rB2
30. A satellite is in an elliptical orbit around a planet P. It is 3 3
observed that the velocity of the satellite when it is farthest (b) rA = 2rB
1 3 3
(c) rA = 4rB
from the planet is times of that when it is closest to the
6
planet. The ratio of distances between the satellite and the 2 π2 3
TB2
(d) T A −= (rB − 4rA3 )
planet at closest and farthest points is (2020) GM
(a) 1 : 6 (b) 1 : 2
JEE ADVANCED
(c) 3 : 4 (d) 1 : 3
38. Two spherical planets P and Q have the same unfirom
31. The radius in kilometre to which the present radius of earth density ρ, masses MP and MQ, with surface areas A and 4A,
(R = 6400 km) to be compressed so that the escape velocity respectively. A spherical planet R also has unfirom density
is increased 10 times is (2021)
ρ and its mass is (MP + MQ). The escape velocities from
32. If one wants to remove all the mass of the earth to infinity the planets P, Q and R, are VP, VQ and V respectively. Then
in order to break it up completely. (2021)  (2012)
The amount of energy that needs to be supplied will be (a) VQ > VR > VP
x GM 2 (b) VR > VQ > VP
where x is (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
5 R (c) VR/VP = 3
(M is the mass of earth, R is the radius of earth, G is the 1
gravitational constant) (d) VP /VQ =
2
P
W Gravitation 99
39. Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with a separation
Column-Ι Column-ΙΙ
2L. A particle of mass m is projected from the midpoint of
the line joining their centres, perpendicular to the line. The
ν1 1
gravitational constant is G. The correct statement(s) is (are) A. p.
 (2013) ν2 8
(a) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape
L1
GM B. q. 1
the gravitational field of the two bodies is 4 . L2
L
(b) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape K1
GM C. r. 2
the gravitational field of the two bodies is 2 . K2
L
(c) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape T1
D. s. 8
2GM T2
the gravitational field of the two bodies is .
L
(a) A-(s); B-(q); C-(p); D-(r)
(d) The energy of the mass m remains constant.
(b) A-(r); B-(q); C-(s); D-(p)
1
40. A planet of radius R = × (radius of Earth) has the same (c) A-(p); B-(r); C-(p); D-(s)
10 R
mass density as Earth. Scientists dig a well of depth (d) A-(p); B-(r); C-(s); D-(p)
5
on it and lower a wire of the same length and of linear 43. Consider a spherical gaseous cloud of mass density ρ(r) in
free space where r is the radial distance from its center. The
mass density 10–3 kgm–1 into it. If the wire is not touching
gaseous cloud is made of particles of equal mass m moving
anywhere, the force applied at the top of the wire by a person
in circular orbits about the common center with the same
holding it in place is (take the radius of Earth = 6 × 106 m and
kinetic energy K. The force acting on the particles is their
the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 ms–2)(2014)
mutual gravitational force.
(a) 96 N (b) 108 N
If ρ(r) is constant in time, the particle number density
(c) 120 N (d) 150 N
n(r) = ρ(r)/m is
41. A rocket is launched normal to the surface of the Earth, [G is universal gravitational constant] (2019)
away from the Sun, along the line joining the Sun and the
K K
Earth. The Sun is 3 ×105 times heavier than the Earth and (a) (b)
is at a distance 2.5 ×104 times larger than the radius of the πr 2 m 2 G 6πr 2 m 2 G
Earth. The escape velocity from Earth’s gravitational field is 3K K
ve = 11.2 km s–1. The minimum initial velocity (vs) required (c) 2 2
(d)
πr m G 2πr m 2 G
2
for the rocket to be able to leave the Sun-Earth system is
closest to: 44. The distance between two stars of masses 3Ms and 6Ms is 9 R.
(Ignore the rotation and revolution of the Earth and the Here R is the mean distance between the centers of the Earth
presence of any other planet) (2017) and the Sun, and Ms is the mass of the Sun. The two stars
–1 –1 orbit around their common center of mass in circular orbits
(a) vs = 72 km s (b) vs = 22 km s
with period n T, where T is the period of Earth’s revolution
(c) vs = 42 km s–1 (d) vs = 62 km s–1 around the Sun. The value of n is (2021)
42. A planet of mass M, has two natural satellites with masses 45. Two spherical stars A and B have densities r A and r B,
m1 and m2. The radii of their circular orbits are R1 and respectively. A and B have the same radius, and their masses
R2 respectively. Ignore the gravitational force between MA and MB are related by MB = 2MA. Due to an interaction
the satellites. Define v1, L1, K1 and T1 to be, respectively, process, star A loses some of its mass, so that its radius is
the orbital speed, angular momentum, kinetic energy and halved, while its spherical shape is retained, and its density
time period of revolution of satellite 1; and v2, L2, K2 remains rA. If vA and vB are the escape velocities from A and
and T2 to be the corresponding quantities of satellite 2.
v 10n
Given m 1/m 2 = 2 and R 1/R 2 = 1/4, match the ratios in B after interaction process, the ratio B = .  (2022)
column-I to the numbers in column-II.(2018) vA 151/3

100 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. [3] 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
2
 12 4  Gm
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16.  −12 − −  17. (b) 18. (c)
 2 3 a
19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (a)
29. (a) 30. (b)

EXERCISE-1 (TOPICWISE)
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (a)

EXERCISE-2 (LEARNING PLUS)

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (a)

EXERCISE-3 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (a,d) 2. (b,c) 3. (b,c,d) 4. (a,c) 5. (a,c,d) 6. (b,c) 7. (a,d) 8. (b,d) 9. (a,d) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. [0008] 18. [0004] 19. [0023] 20. [837.33]
21. [3000] 22. [8]

EXERCISE-4 (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

JEE Main
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. [16] 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. [64] 32. [3] 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. [2] 37. (c)
JEE Advanced
38. (b,d) 39. (b,d) 40. (b) 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. [9] 45. [2.30]

P
W Gravitation 101
 CHAPTER

13 Mechanical Properties of Solids

Effect of temperature on Elasticity

RIGID BODY
A rise of temperature generally decreases the elastic properties of
When the external forces do not produce any deformation in the the material.
body, the body is called a rigid body eg. Diamond.

LONGITUDINAL STRESS
ELASTICITY
Restoring force per unit area set up inside the body against
The solid is said to possess elasticity, if the Deformed shape is deformation is called stress and is measured by the magnitude of
retained by the solid as long as the forces act, and the original force acting on unit area of the body in equilibrium.
shape is regained when the force cease to act.
If F is the force applied and A is the area of cross section of the
If the body regains its shape completely it is known as perfectly body,
elastic body example quartz tiber.
stress (s) = F/A.
The SI unit of stress is Nm–2 or pascal (Pa) and its dimensional
PLASTICITY formula is [ML–1T –2].
If the modified shape is retained after the deforming forces cease Tensile F F F F
to act, the body is said to be perfectly plastic.
If the body partially recovers its original shape and size, it is F
Tensile stress =
known as plastic body. A
Compressive F F
Cause of Elasticity
We know that in a solid, each atom or molecule is surrounded F
by neighboring atoms or molecules. These are bonded together Compressive stress =
A
by inter-atomic or intermolecular forces and stay in a stable
equilibrium position. When a solid is deformed, the atoms or Strain (Longitudinal)
molecules are displaced from their equilibrium positions causing The fractional change in length is called the strain. It is a
a change in the inter-atomic (or intermolecular) distances. When
dimensionless measure of the degree of deformation.
the deforming force is removed, the inter-atomic forces tend to
drive them back to their original positions. Thus, the body regains ∆L
Strain (∈) =
its original shape and size. L

L
F F
L + L

HOOKE’S LAW
As per Hooke’s Law
Longitudinal stress ∝ Longitudinal strain
F ∆L
∝
A L
Figure: Spring-ball model for the illustration F ∆L
=Y
of elastic behavior of solids. A L
 Exercise-1 (Topicwise)

ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR, LONGITUDINAL 8. A graph is shown between stress and strain for a metal. The
part in which Hook’s law holds good is
STRESS, YOUNG MODULUS
1. An elastic rod will not change its length when it is:
(a) Pulled along the rough surface

Stress
C
(b) Pulled along the smooth surface A
D
(c) Is hanging under gravity
B
(d) Freely falls vertically under gravity
2. The length of an iron wire is L and area of cross-section is O Strain
A. The increase in length is l on applying the force F on its (a) OA (b) AB
two ends. Which of the statement is correct
(c) BC (d) CD
(a) Increase in length is inversely proportional to its length L
9. A force of 400 kg. weight can break a wire. The force
(b) Increase in length is proportional to area of cross-section A
required to break a wire of double the area of cross-section
(c) Increase in length is inversely proportional to A will be
(d) Increase in length is proportional to Young’s modulus (a) 800 kg . wt (b) 200 kg . wt
3. Two wires have the same diameter and length. One is made (c) 1600 kg . wt (d) 100 kg . wt
of copper and the other brass. They are connected together
10. The strain-stress curves of three wires of different materials
at one end. When free ends are pulled in opposite direction
are shown in the figure. P, Q and R are the elastic limits of
by same force.
the wires. The figure shows that
(a) the wires will have same strain P Q
(b) the wires will have same stress
Strain
(c) Both the wires will break at the same force
(d) Both wires will have same elongation R
4. The ratio of the lengths of two wires A and B of same
material is 1 : 2 and the ratio of their diameter is 2 : 1. They
are stretched by the same force, then the ratio of increase in O
Stress
length will be
(a) Elasticity of wire P is maximum
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 4
(b) Elasticity of wire Q is maximum
(c) 1 : 8 (d) 8 : 1
(c) Tensile strength of R is maximum
5. The area of cross-section of a wire of length 1.1 metre (d) None of the above is true
is 1 mm2. It is loaded with 1 kg. If Young’s modulus of 11. A metal wire of length L area of cross-section A and Young
copper is 1.1 × 1011 N/m2, then the increase in length will modulus Y behaves as a spring of spring constant k, where
be (If g = 10 m/s2) k is equal to
(a) 0.01 mm (b) 0.075 mm YL YA 2YA YA
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 0.1 mm (d) 0. 15 mm A L L 2L
6. If the temperature increases, the modulus of elasticity 12. The figure shows a horizontal block that is suspended by
two wires A and B are identical except their original length.
(a) Decreases (b) Increases
Which wire was originally shorter?
(c) Remains constant (d) Becomes zero
7. A force F is needed to break a copper wire having radius R. A B
The force needed to break a copper wire of radius 2R will
be
(a) F/2 (b) 2F
(c) 4F (d) F/4 Uniform block

P Mechanical Properties of Solids 115

W
 (a) A 20. The mean distance between the atoms of iron is
(b) B 3 × 10–10 m and interatomic force constant for iron is
(c) Both had equal length 7 N /m. The Young’s modulus of elasticity for iron is
(d) Any one of them could be shorter (a) 2.33 × 105 N/ m2 (b) 23.3 × 1010 N/ m2
(c) 233 × 1010 N/ m2 (d) 2.33 × 1010 N/ m2
13. An iron wire of negligible mass, length L and cross-section
are A has one end fixed. A ball of mass m is attached to the 21. The dimensions of two wires A and B are the same. But
other end of wire. The wire and ball are rotating with an their materials are different. Their load-extension graphs
angular velocity w in a horizontal plane. If DL is extension are shown. If YA and YB are the values of Young’s modulus
produced in wire, then the Young's modulus of wire is of elasticity of A and B respectively then
mL2  m2 L2 A
(a) (b)
AL AL

load
B
m2 L mL
(c) (d)
AL AL extension
14. The Young’s modulus of wire of length L and radius r is Y.
(a) YA > YB (b) YA < YB
L r
If the length and radius are reduced to and , then its (c) YA = YB (d) YB = 2YA
3 2
Young’s modulus will be 22. A rubber cord of length L is suspended vertically. Density
of rubber is D and Young’s modulus is Y. If the cord extends
(a) Y (b) 3 Y
4 by a length l under its own weight then
(c) 3Y (d) 4Y L2 Dg L2 Dg
(a) l = (b) l =
15. On increasing the length by 0.5 mm of a steel wire of length Y 2Y
4m and area of cross section 5 mm2, the force required is L2 Dg L2 Dg
(Y = 11.90 × 1012 N/m2) (c) l = (d) l =
4Y 8Y
(a) 4 × 103 N (b) 2 × 103 N
23. The metal ring of initial radius r and cross-sectional area
(c) 7.4 × 103 N (d) 103 N
A is fitted onto a wooden disc of radius R > r. If young’s
16. A block of mass 500 kg is suspended by wire of length modulus of the metal is Y, then the tension in the ring is
70 cm. The area of cross-section of wire is 10 mm2. When the
load is removed, the wire contracts by 0.5 cm. The Young’s (a) AYR (b) AY ( R − r )
modulus of the material of wire will be r r
(a) 10 × 1014 N/m2 (b) 4 × 1014 N/m2 Y  R−r  Yr
(c)   (d)
(c) 8 × 1011 N/m2 (d) 7 × 1010 N/m2 A r  AR
17. Two wires A and B are of same materials. Their length are 24. The force required to stretch a steel wire 100 m2 in cross
in the ratio 3 : 4 and diameters are in the ratio 5 : 1 when section to triple its length is (Y = 2 × 1011 Nm–2)
stretched by force FA and FB respectively they get equal (a) 4 × 1010 N (b) 4 × 1012 N
increase in their lengths. The ratio of FB/FA is. (c) 4 × 1011 N (d) 4 × 1013 N
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.03
(c) 0.04 (d) 0.05 TANGENTIAL STRESS AND STRAIN, SHEAR
18. Four wires made of same material are stretched by the same MODULUS
load. Their dimensions are given below. The one which 25. Modulus of rigidity of diamond is
elongates more is (a) Too less (b) Greater than all matters
(a) Wire of length 1 m and diameter 1 mm (c) Less than all matters (d) Zero
(b) Length 2 m, diameter 2 mm
26. Modulus of rigidity of a liquid
(c) Length 3 m, diameter 3 mm
(a) Non zero constant (b) Infinite
(d) Length 0.5 m, diameter 0.5 mm
(c) Zero (d) Can not be predicted
19. A uniform bar of length ‘L’ and cross sectional area ‘A’ is
27. For a given material, the Young’s modulus is 2.4 times that
subjected to a tensile load ‘F’. ‘Y’ be the Young’s modulus
of rigidity modulus. Its Poisson’s ratio is
and ‘s’ be the Poisson’s ratio then volumetric strain is
F (a) 2.4 (b) 1.2 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.2
(a) (1 − σ ) (b) F ( 2 − σ )
AY AY 28. Shearing stress causes change in
F F (a) Length (b) Breadth
(c) (1 − 2σ ) (d) .σ (c) Shape (d) Volume
AY AY

116 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 29. A 3 cm long copper wire is stretched to increase its length 40. The fractional change in volume per unit increase in pressure
by 0.3 cm. Find the lateral strain in the wire, if the Poisson’s is called
ratio for it is 0.26. (a) Pressure coefficient (b) Volume coefficient
(a) 0.013 (b) 0.018
(c) Bulk modulus (d) Compressibility
(c) 0.026 (d) 0.016
41. An increase in pressure required to decrease the 200 litres
30. Y, k, n represent respectively the young’s modulus,bulk
volume of a liquid by 0.004% in container is : (Bulk modulus
modulus and rigidity modulus of a body. If rigidity modulus
is twice the bulk modulus, then of the liquid = 2100 MPa)
(a) Y = 5k/18 (b) Y = 5n/9 (a) 188 kPa (b) 8.4 kPa
(c) Y = 9k/5 (d) Y = 18k/5 (c) 18.8 kPa (d) 84 kPa
31. For a material Y = 6.6 × 1010 N/m2 and bulk modulus 42. A metal wire elongates by hanging load on it, then fractional
K = 11 × 1010 N/m2, then its Poissons’s ratio is ∆V
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.35 change in volume is proportional to
V
(c) 0.7 (d) 0.4 ∆l
(a) lDl (b)
32. If the poisson’s ratio of a solid is 2/5, then the ratio of its l
young’s modulus to the rigidity modulus is 2∆l ∆l
(c) (d)
(a) 5/4 (b) 7/15 l l
(c) 14/9 (d) 14/5
33. A material has Poisson’s ratio 0.30. If a uniform rod suffers ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
a longitudinal strain of 3 × 10–4, then the percentage change 43. An iron bar of length ‘L’ cross section ‘A’ and Young’s
in volume. modulus ‘Y’ is pulled by a force ‘F’, from both the ends so
(a) 0.05% (b) 0.02% as to produce an elongation ‘e’. The elastic energy stored in
(c) 0.01% (d) 0.08% the deformed rod will be:
F 2L F 2L
PRESSURE AND VOLUMETRIC STRAIN, BULK (a) (b)
AY 2 AY
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
34. The isothermal elasticity of a gas is equal to F2
(c) (d) None of these
(a) Density (b) Volume 2 A 2Y
(c) Pressure (d) Specific heat
44. The diagram shows a force-extension graph for a rubber
35. The adiabatic elasticity of a gas is equal to band. Consider the following statements
(a) γ × density (b) γ × volume
(c) γ × pressure (d) γ × specific heat
36. The only elastic modulus that applies to fluids is
Extension

(a) Young’s modulus (b) Shear modulus

(c) Modulus of rigidity (d) Bulk modulus
37. A ball falling in a lake of depth 200 m shows 0.1% decrease
in its volume at the bottom. What is the bulk modulus of the force
material of the ball I. It will be easier to compress this rubber than expand it
(a) 19.6 × 108 N/m2 (b) 19.6 × 10–10 N/m2 II. Rubber does not return to its original length after it is
10
(c) 19.6 × 10 N/m 2 (d) 19.6 × 10–8 N/m2 stretched
38. What is the density of water at a depth where the III. The rubber band will get heated if it is stretched and
pressure is 501 atm, given its density at the surface released
is 1.0 × 10 3 kg/m 3 ? Given : Bulk modulus of water Which of these can be deduced from the graph
K = 2.0 × 109 Pa. 1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
(a) III only (b) II and III
(a) 1 × 103 kg/m3 (b) 3.51 × 103 kg/m3
3
(c) 2.12 × 10 kg/m 3 (d) 0.52 × 103 kg/m3 (c) I and III (d) I only
39. To what depth below the surface of sea should a rubber ball 45. A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends is stretched
be taken so as to decrease its volume by 0.4% [density of by attaching a weight of 200 N to the lower end. The weight
sea water = 1000 kg m–3, Bulk modulus of rubber = 9 × 108 stretches the wire by 1 mm. Then the elastic energy stored
Nm–2, g = 10 m/s2] in the wire is
(a) 5 × 102 m (b) 30 × 106 m (a) 20 J (b) 0.1 J
(c) 40 × 106 m (d) 36 × 101 m (c) 0.2 J (d) 10 J
P Mechanical Properties of Solids 117
W
46. A 5 metre long wire is fixed to the ceiling. A weight of 48. A wire is suspended by one end. At the other end, a weight
10 kg is hung at the lower end and is 1 metre above the floor. equivalent to 20 N force is applied. If the increase in length
The wire was elongated by 1 mm. The energy stored in the is 1.0 mm, the increase in energy of the wire will be
wire due to stretching is (a) 0.01 J (b) 0.02 J
(a) Zero (b) 0.05 joule (c) 0.04 J (d) 1.00 J
(c) 100 joule (d) 500 joule 49. The elastic potential energy of a wire of length ‘L’ and radius
47. If the tension on a wire is removed at once, then ‘R’ twisted by an angle a, modulus of rigidity of wire is ‘η’:
(a) It will break π ηR 4 α 2 πR 4 α 2
(a) (b)
(b) Its temperature will reduce 4 L L
(c) There will be no change in its temperature π2 R 4 α 2 π2 R 2 α 2
(c) (d)
(d) Its temperature will increases 2L 4L

Exercise-2 (Learning Plus)

1. Three equal masses of 3 kg are connected by two massless 3. The diameter of a brass rod is 4 mm and Young’s modulus
strings of cross sectional area 0.005 cm2 and Young modulus of brass is 9 × 1010 N/m2. The force required to stretch it by
is 2 × 1011 N/m2 each. The longitudinal strain in the wires 0.1% of its length is:
A (a) 360 π N
3kg 3kg
(b) 36 N
B (c) 144 π × 103 N
(d) 36 π × 105 N
3kg
4. Two bars of steel (Y = 2 × 1011 N/m2) are joined together
(a) are equal as shown. The area of cross section of the left bar is
(b) cannot be different 15 cm2 and the area of right bar is unknown. The extension
(c) must be different in both bars is the same.
(d) may or may not be different
2. A ring of mass m, radius R, cross-sectional area a and
F
Young’s modulus Y is kept on a smooth cone of radius 2R
and semi-vertical angle 45°, as shown in the figure. Assume
0.6 m 0.4 m
that the extension in the ring is small. Then choose the wrong
statement: (a) The area of right bar is 10 cm2
(b) The stresses in left and right bar are in ratio 3 : 2
(c) The decrease in thickness of bar is more for the left
(d) The decrease in thickness of bar is less for right bar
45º

5. If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young’s

Ring moduli of steel and brass wires in the Steel
figure are a, b and c respectively, then the M
2R corresponding ratio of increases in their
lengths is: Brass
2
(a) The tension in the ring will be same throughout 2a c
(a) 2M
(b) The tension in the ring will be independent of the radius b
of ring if radius of the ring is less than 2R 3a
(b)
mgR 2b 2 c
(c) The extension in the ring will be
aY 2ac
(c)
(d) Elastic potential energy stored in the ring will be b2
m2 g 2 R 3ac
(d)
8πYa 2ab 2

118 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 6. The dimensions of four wires of the same material are given
below. In which wire the increase in length will be maximum L, 2R
when the same tension is applied
(a) Length 100 cm, Diameter 1 mm
(b) Length 200 cm, Diameter 2 mm L, R
(c) Length 300 cm, Diameter 3 mm
(d) Length 50 cm, Diameter 0.5 mm W

7. Two blocks of masses m and M are connected by means 3W 2 L 3W 2 L

of a metal wire of cross-sectional area A passing over a (a) (b)
4πR 2Y 8πR 2Y
frictionless fixed pulley as shown in the figure. The system
is then released. If M = 2 m, then the stress produced in the 5W 2 L W 2L
(c) (d)
wire is: 8πR 2Y πR 2Y
11. The load versus elongation graph for four wires of the
same materials is shown in the figure. The thinnest wire is
represented by the line:
LOAD
T
T D
m C
B
M
A
2mg 3mg
(a) (b)
3A 4A O ELONGATION
mg 4mg
(c) (d) (a) OC (b) OD
A 3A
(c) OA (d) OB
8. Two bodies of masses 2 kg and 3 kg are connected by a
metal wire of cross-section 0.04 mm2 and are placed on a 12. The extension in a uniform rod of length , mass m, cross-
frictionless horizontal surface. Breaking stress of metal wire section radius r and young’s modulus Y when it is suspended at
is 2.5 GPa. The maximum force F that can be applied to 3 one of its end is: (consider area of cross-section remains same)
kg block so that wire does not break is
(a) 100 N (b) 150 N
(c) 200 N (d) 250 N
9. If the ratio of lengths, radii and young’s modulus of
steel and brass wires in figure are 2 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1
respectively. Then corresponding ratio of increase in their
length would be. (Neglect the mass of the wires and take
g = 10 m/s2) mg  mg 
(a) 2
(b)
πr Y 2πr 2Y
steel 2mg  mg 
(c) (d)
M πr 2Y 4πr 2Y
13. I n d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f
4
Brass young modulus of
elasticity of wire, a force Extension
2M is applied and extension (in mm)
2
is recorded. Initial length
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 8 : 1 of wire is 1 m. The curve
4000 8000
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 2 : 4 between extension and Stress
10. Two light wires of the same material (Young’s modulus Y) stress is depicted then (in KN/m2)
and same length L but different radii R and 2R, as shown in young modulus of wire
the figure, are joined end to end and suspended from a fixed will be:
support. A weight W is suspended from the combination. The (a) 2 × 109 N/m2 (b) 1 × 109 N/m2
elastic potential energy in the system is (c) 2 × 1010 N/m2 (d) 1 × 1010 N/m2

P Mechanical Properties of Solids 119

W
14. Find the ratio of stress ∆V ∆V 1
present in wire-1 to that wire-1 (a) ∝B (b) ∝
V V B
in wire-2 shown in the
diagram while both wires ideal pulley ∆V ∆V
(c) ∝ B2 (d) ∝ B –2
have same material & V V
thickness. wire-2 22. If work done in stretching a wire by 1mm is 2J, the work
(a) 1 (b) 2 necessary for stretching another wire of same material, but
2m with double the radius and half the length by 1mm in joule
(c) 3 (d) 4 m
is -
15. Forces acting on a uniform rod having length 2l, area of (a) 1/4 (b) 4
cross-section A and Young’s modulus Y are shown in the
(c) 8 (d) 16
figure. Elongation of the rod is
F 23. If the potential energy of a spring is V on stretching it
2F by 2 cm, then its potential energy when it is stretched by
F l l 10 cm will be
(a) V/25 (b) 5V
Fl 3Fl
(a) (b) (c) V/5 (d) 25V
AY 2 AY
24. Two wires of same diameter of the same material having the
2Fl 3Fl
(c) (d) length l and 2l. If the force F is applied on each, the ratio of
AY AY the work done in the two wires will be
16. One end of a cylindrical solid rod of length L and radius r (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4
is clamped in a fixed position. The other end is turned by an (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
external torque τ resulting in a twist θ. The shear modulus
is given by η. The twist angle θ is proportional to 25. Two bars A and B are stuck using an adhesive. The contact
(a) τr1η/πL2 surface of the bars make an angle q with the length. Area of
cross section of each bar is S0. It is known that the adhesive
(b) τ r4/π ηL
yields if normal stress at the contact surface exceeds s0. Find
(c) τ η L/π r4 the maximum pulling force F that can be applied without
(d) τ L/π η r4 detaching the bars.
17. The upper end of a wire of radius 4 mm and length A B So
100 cm is clamped and its other end is twisted through an
angle of 30°. Then angle of shear is
(a) 12° (b) 0.12° F F
(c) 1.2° (d) 0.012° 
18. A uniform wire (Young’s modulus 2 × 10 11 Nm –2)
is σo
σo So
subjected to longitudinal tensile stress of 5 × 107 Nm–2. If (a) (b)
the overall volume change in the wire is 0.02%, the fractional
2
sin θ S0 sin 2 θ
decrease in the radius of the wire is close to: σo S0 σ0
(a) 0.25 × 10–4 (b) 1.0 × 10–4 (c) (d)
2sin θ2 2S0 sin 2 θ
(c) 5 × 10–4 (d) 1.5 × 10–4
26. A massless uniform rod is subjected to force F at its free end
19. A metal block is experiencing an atmospheric pressure of as shown in figure. The ratio of tensile stress at plane P1 to
1 × 105 N/m2, when the same block is placed in a vacuum
stress at P2 is
chamber, the fractional change in its volume is (the bulk
modulus of metal is 1.25 × 1011 N/m2)
(a) 4 × 10–7 (b) 2 × 10–7
P1
(c) 8 × 10–7 (d) 1 × 10–7
20. Expansion during heating – 60°
(a) occurs only in a solid
P2
(b) increases the density of the material
(c) decreases the density of the material F
(d) occurs at the same rate for all liquids and solids (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 :1
21. For a constant hydraulic stress on an object, the fractional (c) 1 : 4 (d) 3 : 2
 ∆V  27. A rod of length L kept on a smooth horizontal surface is
change in the object’s volume   and its bulk modulus
 V  pulled along its length by a force F. The area of cross-section
(B) are related as is A and Young's modulus is Y. The extension in the rod is

120 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 F

FL 2FL
(a) (b)
AY AY
FL
(c) (d) Zero
2 AY
28. A rigid rod of mass m and lengths l. Is being rotated in Y1Y2 Y +Y
(a) (b) 1 2
horizontal plane about a vertical axis, passing through one Y1 + Y2 2
end A. If TA, TB and TC are the tensions in rod at point A, mid 2Y1Y2 Y1 + Y2
(c) (d)
point B and point C of rod respectively, then Y1 + Y2 Y1Y2
32. An aluminum wire and a steel wire of the same length and
B C cross-section are joined end to end. The composite wire is
A hung from a rigid support and a load is suspended from the
free end. If the increase in the length of the composite wire
is 2.7 mm, then the increase in the length of each wire is
3 (in mm). (YAl = 2 × 1011Nm–2, Ysteel = 7 × 1010 Nm–2)
(a) TC = 0 (b) TB = TA
4 (a) 1.7,1 (b) 1.3,1.4
TA
(c) TB = (d) TA = mw2l (c) 1.5,1.2 (d) 2,0.7
2
29. A mild steel wire of length 1.0 m and cross-sectional 33. A uniform slender rod of length L, cross- sectional area A
and Young’s modulus Y is acted upon by the forces shown
area 0.50 × 10–2 cm2 is stretched well within its elastic
in the figure. The elongation of the rod is:
limit horizontally between two pillars. A mass of 100 g L/3
is suspended from the midpoint of the wire. Calculate the 3F 2F
depression at the midpoint. (Ysteel = 200 GPa) F
(a) 1.074 m (b) 0.712 m 3FL 2 FL 3FL 8 FL
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 0.85 m (d) 1.516 m 5 AY 5 AY 8 AY 3 AY
30. Wires A and B are made from the same material. A has 34. To what depth below the surface of sea should a rubber ball
twice the diameter and three times the length to that of be taken as to decrease the volume by 0.1%?
B. If the elastic limits are not reached, when each wire is (take, density of sea water = 1000 kgm–3, Bulk modulus of
stretched by the same tension, Ratio of energy stored in wire rubber = 9 × 108 Nm–2, acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms–2)
A and B is: (a) 9 m (b) 18 m (c) 180 m (d) 90 m
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3:4 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 6:1 35. Two wires A and B are of same material. Their lengths are
31. Two wires of same length and radius are joined end to end in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameters are in the ratio 2 : 1. When
and loaded. The Young’s modulii of the materials of the two stretched by forces FA and FB respectively, they get equal
wires are Y1 and Y2. If the combination behaves as a single increase in their lengths. Then, the ratio FA : FB should be
wire then its Young’s modulus is (a) 1:2 (b) 1:1 (c) 2:1 (d) 8:1

Exercise-3 (JEE Advanced Level)

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS (c) Either A or B will break if rA = 2rB

(d) The lengths of A and B must be known to decide which
1. The wires A and B shown in the figure, wire will break
are made of the same material and 2. A body of mass M is attached to the lower end of a metal wire,
A
have radii rA and rB. A block of mass whose upper end is fixed. The elongation of the wire is l.
m kg is tied between them: If the force m (a) Loss in gravitational potential energy of M is Mgl
F is mg/3, one of the wires breaks. (b) The elastic potential energy stored in the wire is Mgl
Then, B (c) The elastic potential energy stored in the wire is
(a) A will break before B if rA < 2rB 1/2 Mgl
(b) A will break before B if rA = rB F (d) Heat produced is 1/2 Mgl
P Mechanical Properties of Solids 121
W
 3. Four rods A, B, C, D of same length and material but of (a) 9.9 cm (b) 10 cm
different radii r, r 2, r 3 and 2r respectively are held (c) 0.99 cm (d) 1 cm
between two rigid walls. The temperature of all rods is 7. In the above problem, the maximum stress developed in the
increased by same amount. If the rods do not bend, then rod is equal to - (N/m2)
(a) the stress in the rods are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 (a) 5 × 107 (b) 5 × 108
(b) the force on the rod exerted by the wall are in the ratio (c) 4 × 10 7 (d) 4 × 108
1:2:3:4
8. If two rods of same length (4m) and cross section
(c) the energy stored in the rods due to elasticity are in the areas 2 cm 2 and 4 cm 2 with same young modulus
ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 2 × 1010 N/m2 are attached one after the other with mass 600
(d) the strains produced in the rods are in the ratio kg then angular frequency is
1:2:3:4 1000 10
(a) (b)
4. Figure shows the graph of elastic potential energy (U) stored 3 3
versus extension, for a steel wire (Y = 2 × 1011 Pa) of volume 100 10π
(c) (d)
200 cc. If area of cross-section A and original length L, then 3 3
9. Four identical rods of geometry as described in problem
(b) are attached with lift. If weight of the lift cage is 1000
Elastic potential

N, and elastic limit of each rod is taken as 9 × 106 N/m2

energy (in J)

then the number of persons it can carry safely is equal to.

0.2
(g = 10 m/sec2 , assume average mass of a person as 50 kg
and lift moves with constant speed)
(a) 7 (b) 26 (c) 24 (d) 25
Comprehension (Q. 10 to 12): On gradual loading, stress-strain
0.2 relationship for a metal wire is as follows.
Extension (in mm)
Stress
Within proportionality limit, stress ∝ strain or, = a constant
(a) A = 10–4 m2 (b) A = 10–3 m2 Strain
for the material of wire.
(c) L = 1.5 m (d) L = 2 m Stress
Elastic Plastic
COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS region region
Comprehension (Q. 5 to 9): When a tensile or compressive load
‘P’ is applied to rod or cable, its length changes. The change in
Fracture
length x for an elastic material is proportional to the force (Hook’s point
law).
P α x or P = kx Limit
of
The above equation is similar to the equation of spring. For a rod proportionality
of length L, area A and young modulus Y, the extension x can be
expressed as-
PL AY AY Strain
x= or P = x, hence K =
AY L L 10. Two wires of same material have length and radius
Thus rods or cables attached to lift can be treated as springs.  r
(L, r) and  2 L,  . The ratio of their Young's modulii is
1  2
The energy stored in rod is called strain energy & equal to Px.
2 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 3
The loads placed or dropped on the floor of lift cause stresses in the (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
cables and can be evaluated by spring analogy. If the cable of lift is
previously stressed and load is placed or dropped, then maximum 11. Just on crossing the yield region, the material will have
extension in cable can be calculated by energy conservation. (a) increased and breaking stress
(b) reduced and breaking stress
5. If rod of length 4 m, area 4 cm 2 and young modules
(c) constant stress
2 × 1010 N/m2 is attached with mass 200 kg, then angular
frequency of SHM (rad/sec.) of mass is equal to (d) None of these
(a) 1000 (b) 10 Stress
12. If is x in elastic region and y in the region of yield,
(c) 100 (d) 10 π Strain
6. In above problem if mass of 10 kg falls on the massless collar then
attached to rod from the height of 99 cm then maximum (a) x > y (b) x = y
extension in the rod is equal (g = 10 m/sec2) (c) x < y (d) x = 2y

122 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS B. F F q. Non-uniform
13. A metal wire of length L is suspended vertically from a rigid stresses are
support. When a bob of mass M is attached to the lower end developed in
of wire, the elongation of the wire is : the rod.
Column-I Column-II C. Smooth r. Compressive
F stresses are
A. The loss in gravitational p. Mg developed in
potential energy of mass M is
the rod.
equal to
B. The elastic potential energy q. 1 D. Smooth s. Tensile
stored in the wire is equal to Mg F stresses are
2
developed in
C. The elastic constant of the wire r. Mg/ the rod.
is equal to
D. Heat produced during extension s. (a) A-(r); B-(p,q); C-(s); D-(p,q,r,s)
1
is equal to Mg (b) A-(r,s); B-(r,q); C-(p,q,r,s); D-(s)
4
(c) A-(p,r); B-(p,s); C-(q,s); D-(q,r)
(a) A-(p); B-(q); C-(r); D-(q)
(b) A-(p); B-(q); C-(r); D-(s) (d) A-(r,s); B-(p,r); C-(p,q,r,s); D-(p,q)
(c) A-(s); B-(r); C-(p); D-(q)
NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS
(d) A-(q); B-(p); C-(r); D-(s)
16. Find the greatest length (in km) of a steel wire of uniform
14. Three wires of lengths L1, L2, L3 and Young's moduii Y1, Y2 cross-section that can hang vertically without breaking.
and Y3 respectively are pulled by a force F shown in fig. The Breaking stress of steel = 8.0 × 108 N/m 2. Density of
extensions produced in wires are DL1, DL2, DL3 steel = 8.0 × 103 kg/m3.
17. The elastic limit of a steel cable is 2.40 × 108 Pa and the
cross-section area is 4.00 cm2. Find the maximum upward
Fixed

3m 2m 1m F acceleration (in m/s2) that can be given to a 800 kg elevator

supported by the cable if the stress should not exceed one
third of the elastic limit.
L1 L2 L3 18. Two steel wires of same length but radii r and 2r are
Match the Column-I with Column-II connected together end to end and tied to a wall as shown.

Column-I Column-II Radius = r A Radius = 2r

F
A. If 9L2 = 4L1 and DL1 = DL2, then p. Y 2 = Y1 L L
The force stretches the combination by 10 mm. How far does
B. If L2 < 4L3 and DL2 = DL3, then q. Y 2 > Y1
the midpoint A move. (in mm)
C. If DL1 = DL2 and L1 = L2, then r. Y 2 < Y3 19. What is the maximum height (in m) of a brick column of
D. If L2 = L3 and DL2 = DL3, then s. 4Y2 = Y3 uniform cross section for which column deformation due to
its own weight is within the elastic limit?
(a) A-(q); B-(p); C-(r); D-(s)
Patmospheric = 100 kPa,
(b) A-(p); B-(r); C-(q); D-(r,s)
(c) A-(s); B-(r); C-(p); D-(q) ρ = 1.8 × 103 kg/m3.

(d) A-(p); B-(q); C-(r); D-(s) Elastic limit, σ = 3.7 M Pa.
15. In Column I, a unsiform bar of uniform cross-sectional area 20. A substance breaks down under a stress of 105 Pa. If the
under the application of forces is shown in the figure and in density of the wire is 2 × 103 kg/m3, find the minimum
Column II, some effects/phenomena are given. Match the length of the wire which will break under its own weight
two columns. (g = 10 m/s 2)
Column-I Column-II 21. A steel wire, 3.2 m long, has a diameter of 1.2 mm. The wire
A. F F p. U n i f o r m stretches by 1.6 mm when it bears a load. Young’s modulus
stresses are for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa. Find the mass (in kg) of the load
developed in closest?
the rod.

P Mechanical Properties of Solids 123

W
 22. A horizontally oriented copper rod of length l is rotated 23. A sphere of radius 10 cm and mass 25 kg is attached to the
about a vertical axis passing through its middle. If the rotated lower end of a steel wire of length 5 m and diameter 4 mm
which is suspended from the ceiling of a room. The point
1 Nσ
frequency at which the rod ruptures is 2π ρl then N is of support is 521 cm above the floor. When the sphere is set
2 swinging as a simple pendulum, its lowest point just grazes
_________. (Given : Breaking or rupture strength of copper the floor. What is the velocity of the ball at its lowest position
of s and density of copper is r.) in m/s. (Ysteel = 2 × 1011 N/m2).

Exercise-4 (Past Year Questions)

JEE MAIN what will be the tensile stress that would be developed in
the wire? (2019)
1. A man grows into a giant such that his linear dimensions
(a) 4.8 × 106 Nm–2 (b) 5.2 × 106 Nm–2
increase by a factor of 9. Assuming that his density remains
same, the stress in the leg will change by a factor of: (c) 6.2 × 106 Nm–2 (d) 3.1 × 106 Nm–2
 (2017) 6. The elastic limit of brass is 379 MPa. What should be the
(a) 81 (b) 1/81 minimum diameter of a brass rod if it is to support a 400 N
load without exceeding its elastic limit? (2019)
(c) 9 (d) 1/9
(a) 1.16 mm (b) 0.90 mm
2. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material of bulk
modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical (c) 1.36 mm (d) 1.00 mm
container. A massless piston of area a floats on the surface 7. In an experiment, brass and steel wires of length 1 m each
of the liquid, covering entire cross section of cylindrical with areas of cross section 1 mm2 are used, the wires are
container. When a mass m is placed on the surface of the connected in series and one end of the combined wire is
piston to compress the liquid, the fractional decrement in connected to a rigid support and other end is subjected to
 dr  elongation. The stress required to produce a net elongation
the radius of the sphere,   , is: (2018) of 0.2 mm is: (2019)
 r 
Ka mg (Given, the Young’s Modulus for steel and brass are
(a) (b) respectively, 120 × 109 N/m2 and 60 × 109 N/m2 )
3mg 3Ka
(a) 0.2 × 106 N/m2 (b) 4.0 × 106 N/m2
mg Ka
(c) (d) (c) 1.8 × 106 N/m2 (d) 1.2 × 106 N/m2
Ka mg
8. Young’s moduli of two wires A and B in the ratio 7 : 4. Wire
3. A load of mass M kg is suspended from a steel wire of length A is 2 m long and has radius R. Wire B is 1.5 m long and has
2 m and radius 1.0 mm in Searle’s apparatus experiment. The radius 2 mm. If the two wires stretch by the same length for
increase in length produced in the wire is 4.0 mm. Now the a given load, then the value of R is close to (2019)
load is fully immersed in a liquid of relative density 2. The
(a) 1.9 mm (b) 1.7 mm
relative density of the material of load is 8. The new value
of increase in length of the steel wire is (2019) (c) 1.5 mm (d) 1.3 mm
(a) 3.0 mm (b) 4.0 mm 9. A non-isotropic solid metal cube has coefficients of
(c) 5.0 mm (d) zero linear expansion as: 5 × 10– 5 /°C along the x-axis and
5 × 10–6 /°C along the y and the z-axis. If the coefficient of
4. A boy’s catapult is made of rubber cord which is volume expansion of the solid is C × 10–6 /°C then the value
42 cm long, with 6 mm diameter of cross-section and of C is (2020)
of negligible mass. The boy keeps a stone weighing
0.02 kg on it and stretches the cord by 20 cm by applying 10. A leak proof cylinder of length 1m, made of a metal
a constant force. When released, the stone flies off with a which has very low coefficient of expansion is floating
vertically in water at 0oC such that its height above the
velocity of 20 ms–1. Neglect the change in the area of cross-
water surface is 20 cm. When the temperature of water
section of the cord while stretched. The Young’s modulus of
is increased to 4oC, the height of the cylinder above the
rubber is closest to: (2019)
water surface becomes 21 cm. The density of water at
(a) 104 Nm–2 (b) 108 Nm–2 T = 4oC, relative to the density at T = 0oC is close to:
(c) 106 Nm–2 (d) 103 Nm–2  (2020)
5. A steel wire having a radius of 2.0 mm, carrying a load of (a) 1.0 (b) 1.04
4 kg, is hanging from a ceiling. Given that g = 3.1 π ms–2, (c) 1.26 (d) 1.01

124 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 11. A body of mass m = 10 kg is attached to one end of a wire of –10
length 0.3 m. The maximum angular speed (in rad s–1) with 4 × 10
–10
which it can be rotated about its other end in space station is 3 × 10
(Breaking stress of wire = 4.8 × 107 Nm–2 and area of cross Strain 2 × 10–10
section of the wire = 10–2 cm2) is: (2020) –10
1 × 10
12. Two steel wires having same length are suspended from a
ceiling under the same load. If the ratio of their energy stored 0 20 40 60 80
per unit volume is 1 : 4, the ratio of their diameters is Stress [N/m2]
 (2020)
17. A wire of length L and radius r is clamped rigidly at one
(a) 1 : 2
end. When the other end of the wire is pulled by a force F,
(b) 1: 2 its length increases by 5 cm. Another wire of the same of
(c) 2 : 1 the same material of length 4L and radius 4r is pulled by a
(d) 2 :1 force 4F under same conditions. The increase in length of
this wire is ___________ cm. (2022)
13. An object of mass m is suspended at the end of a massless
wire of length L and area of cross-section A. Young modulus 18. The area of cross section of the rope used to lift a load by a
of the material of the wire is Y. If the mass is pulled down crane is 2.5 × 10–4 m2. The maximum lifting capacity of the
slightly its frequency of oscillation along the vertical crane is 10 metric tons. To increase the lifting capacity of
direction is (2020) the crane to 25 metric tons, the required area of cross section
of the rope should be : (2022)
1 mL (take g = 10 ms–2)
(a) f =
2π YA (a) 6.25 × 10–4 m2 (b) 10 × 10–4 m2
1 YA (c) 1 × 10–4 m2 (d) 1.67 × 10–4 m2
(b) f =
2π mL 19. A uniform heavy rod of mass 20 kg. Cross sectional area
0.4 m2 and length 20 m is hanging from a fixed support.
1 YL Neglecting the lateral contraction, the elongation in the
(c) f =
2π mA rod due to its own weight is x × 10–9 m. The value of x is
1 mA __________ : (Given. Young's modulus Y = 2 × 1011 Nm–2
(d) f =
2π YL and g = 10 ms–2) (2022)

14. A stone of mass 20 g is projected from a rubber catapult of

JEE ADVANCED
length 0.1 m and area of cross section 10–6 m2 stretched by
an amount 0.04 m. The velocity of the projected stone is m/s. 20. One end of a horizontal thick copper wire of length 2L and
radius 2R is welded to an end of another horizontal thin
(Young’s modulus of rubber = 0.5 × 109 N/m2) copper wire of length L and radius R. When the arrangement
 (2021) is stretched by a applying forces at two ends, the ratio of the
elongation in the thin wire to that in the thick wire is:
15. The area of cross-section of a railway track is 0.01 m2. The
(2013)
temperature variation is 10°C. Coefficient of liner expansion
of material of track is 10–5/°C. The energy stored per meter (a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
in the track is J/m. (Young’s modulus of material of track is (c) 2.00 (d) 4.00
1011 Nm–2) (2021) dP
21. A cubical solid aluminium (bulk modulus = −V
16. The elastic behaviour of material for linear stress and linear dV
= 70 GPa) block has an edge length of 1 m on the surface
strain, is shown in the figure. The energy density for a linear
of the earth. It is kept on the floor of a 5 km deep ocean.
strain of 5 × 10–4 is _________ kJ/m3. Assume that material Taking the average density of water and the acceleration due
is elastic upto the linear strain of 5 × 10–4. to gravity to be 103 kg m–3 and 10 ms–2, respectively, the
 (2022) change in the edge length of the block in mm is(2020)

P Mechanical Properties of Solids 125

W
 ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (a)

EXERCISE-1 (TOPICWISE)
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (d)
41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (a)

EXERCISE-2 (LEARNING PLUS)

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (d) 35. (d)

EXERCISE-3 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (a,b,c) 2. (a,c,d) 3. (b,c) 4. (a,d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. [0010] 17. [0030] 18. [8] 19. [200] 20. [5]
21. [0012] 22. [0008] 23. [0031]

EXERCISE-4 (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

JEE Main
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. [60] 10. (d)
11. [4] 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. [20] 15. [05] 16. [25] 17. [05] 18. (a) 19. [25]

JEE Advanced
20. (c) 21. [0.24]

126 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 CHAPTER

14 Mechanical Properties of Fluids

The element of fluid will be at rest

DEFINITION OF FLUID \ Fnet = 0
The term fluid refers to a substance that can flow and does not ⇒ PdA + ρgdAdh – (P + dP) dA = 0
have a shape of its own. For example, liquid and gases. ⇒ dP = ρgdh
Properties of fluids : P h

∫P0
dP= ∫ ρgdh
(i) Density (ii) Viscosity (iii) Bulk modulus of elasticity 0
(iv) Pressure (v) Specific gravity ™ This differential relation shows that the pressure in a fluid
increases with depth or decreases with increased elevation.
Density ™ Liquids are generally treated as incompressible so their density
The density ρ of a substance is defined as the mass per unit volume ρ is constant. With ρ as constant, equation may be integrated
of a sample of the substance. and the result is
m P = P0 + ρgh
ρ=
V ⇒ DP = P – P0 = rgh (Hydrostatics pressure equality)
The SI unit of density is kg m–3 and dimension is [ML–3]
The pressure P0 is the pressure at the surface of the liquid
Relative Density/Specific Gravity where h = 0.
The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its density to that Variation of Pressure with Height
of water at 4oC, which is 1000 kg/m3. For example, the specific
For gases, the constant density assumed in the compressible
gravity of mercury is 13.6, and the specific gravity of water at model is often not adequate. However, an alternative simplifying
100oC is 0.998. assumption can be made that the density is proportional to the
pressure, i.e., ρ = kp
THRUST AND PRESSURE Let ρo be the density of air at the earth’s surface where the pressure
A perfect fluid resists forces normal to its surface and offers no is atmospheric po, then ρo = kpo
resistance to forces acting tangential to its surface. ρo
After eliminating k, we get ρ = p
Force exerted perpendicular to a surface is called thrust and po
thrust per unit area is called pressure. Substituting the value of ρ in equation,
Variation of Pressure with Depth in Liquid ρ 
dp = –ρgdy or dp = −  o p  gdy
In all fluids at rest, the pressure is a function of height or depth.  po 
To determine this, consider the forces acting on a vertical column p
dp ρ
h
of fluid of cross sectional area dA as shown in figure. The positive On rearranging, we get ∫ p
= − o g ∫ dy
po 0
direction of vertical measurement h is taken downward. The ρo
pressure on the upper side is P, and that on the lower face is where p is the pressure at a height y = h above the earth’s
P + dP. The weight of the element is ρgdhdA. surface.
After integrating, we get
−ρ
0 gh
PdA h p ρ p
ln = − o gh or p = p0 e 0
po po
dh
Note: Instead of a linear decrease in pressure with increasing
height as in the case of an incompressible fluid, in this case
(P + dP)dA pressure decreases exponentially.
 Exercise-1 (Topicwise)

MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION PASCAL'S LAW

OF PRESSURE 6. A vertical U-tube of uniform inner cross section contains
1. A liquid of mass 1 kg is filled in a flask as shown in mercury in both sides of its arms. A glycerin (density =
figure. The force exerted by the flask on the liquid is 1.3 g/cm3) column of length 10 cm is introduced into one of
(g = 10 m/s2) [Neglect atmospheric pressure] its arms. Oil of density 0.8 gm/cm3 is poured into the other
arm until the upper surfaces of the oil and glycerin are in
the same horizontal level. Find the length of the oil column,
Density of mercury = 13.6 g/cm3

Glycerine
Oil h
10 cm

(a) 10 N (b) Greater than 10 N Mercury

(c) Less than 10 N (d) Zero (a) 10.4 cm (b) 8.2 cm (c) 7.2 cm (d) 9.7 cm
2. Density of ice is ρ water is σ. What will be the decrease in 7. Two stretched membranes of areas 2 and 3 m2 are placed in
volume when a mass M of ice melts a liquid at the same depth. The ratio of the pressure on them
M σ−ρ is:
(a) (b)
σ−ρ M (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3
1 1  1 1 1  (c) 2 : 3 (d) 22 : 32
(c) M  −  (d) −
ρ σ  M  ρ σ  8. In a hydraulic lift, used at a service station the radius of the
3. The volume of an air bubble becomes three times as it large and small piston are in the ratio of 20 : 1. What weight
rises from the bottom of a lake to its surface. Assuming placed on the small piston will be sufficient to lift a car of
atmospheric pressure to be 75 cm of Hg and the density of mass 1500 kg?
water to be 1/10 of the density of mercury, the depth of the (a) 3.75 kg (b) 37.5 kg
lake is (c) 7.5 kg (d) 75 kg
(a) 5 m (b) 10 m 9. A tank with length 10 m, breadth 8 m and depth 6m is filled
(c) 15 m (d) 20 m with water to the top. If g = 10 m s–2 and density of water is
4. A closed rectangular tank is completely filled with water and 1000 kg m–3, then the thrust on the bottom is
is accelerated horizontally with an acceleration a towards (a) 6 × 1000 × 10 × 80 N (b) 3 × 1000 × 10 × 48 N
right. Pressure is (i) maximum at, and (ii) minimum at (c) 3 × 1000 × 10 × 60 N (d) 3 × 1000 × 10 × 80 N

ARCHEMEDES PRINCIPLE AND FORCE OF

A D BUOYANCY
a
10. A concrete sphere of radius R has a cavity of radius r which
is packed with sawdust. The specific gravities of concrete
B C and sawdust are respectively 2.4 and 0.3 for this sphere to
float with its entire volume submerged under water. Ratio
(a) (i) B (ii) D (b) (i) C (ii) D of mass of concrete to mass of sawdust will be
(c) (i) B (ii) C (d) (i) B (ii) A (a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) Zero
5. Why the dam of water reservoir is thick at the bottom 11. A metallic block of density 5 gm cm–3 and having dimensions
(a) Quantity of water increases with depth 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm is weighed in water. Its apparent weight
(b) Density of water increases with depth will be
(c) Pressure of water increases with depth (a) 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 gf (b) 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 gf
(d) Temperature of water increases with depth (c) 5 × 4 × 4 × 4 gf (d) 4 × 5 × 5 × 5 gf

P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 177

W
12. A cubical block is floating in a liquid with half of its volume 18. An ice block floats in a liquid whose density is less than
immersed in the liquid. When the whole system accelerates water. A part of block is outside the liquid. When whole of
upwards with acceleration of g/3, the fraction of volume ice has melted, the liquid level will:
immersed in the liquid will be (a) rise (b) go down
g (c) remain same (d) first rise then go down
3 19. A piece of steel has a weight W in air, W1 when completely
immersed in water and W2 when completely immersed in
an unknown liquid. The relative density (specific gravity)
of liquid is:
W − W1 W − W2
1 3 (a) (b)
(a) (b) W − W2 W − W1
2 8
W1 − W2 W1 − W2
2 3 (c) (d)
(c) (d) W − W1 W − W2
3 4
13. A boat carrying steel balls is floating on the surface of water CONTINUITY EQUATION, BERNOULLI
in a tank. If the balls are thrown into the tank one by one,
how will it affect the level of water THEOREM AND THEIR APPLICATION
(a) It will remain unchanged 20. In which one of the following cases will the liquid flow in
(b) It will rise a pipe be most streamlined
(c) It will fall (a) Liquid of high viscosity and high density flowing
(d) First it will first rise and then fall through a pipe of small radius
(b) Liquid of high viscosity and low density flowing through
14. A boy carries a fish in one hand and a bucket (not full) of
a pipe of small radius
water in the other hand. If he places the fish in the bucket,
the weight now carried by him (assume that water does not (c) Liquid of low viscosity and low density flowing through
spill): a pipe of large radius
(a) is less than before (d) Liquid of low viscosity and high density flowing through
(b) is more than before a pipe of large radius
(c) is the same as before 21. Two water pipes of diameters 2 cm and 4 cm are connected
(d) depends upon his speed with the main supply line. The velocity of flow of water in
the pipe of 2 cm diameter is
15. A uniformly tapering vessel shown in Fig. is filled with liquid
of density 900 kg/m3. The force that acts on the base of the (a) 4 times that in the other pipe
vessel due to liquid is (Take g = 10 m/s2): 1
(b) times that in the other pipe
–3 2 4
Area = 10 m
(c) 2 times that in the other pipe
0.4 m
1
Area = 2 × 10 m
–3 2 (d) times that in the other pipe
2
(a) 3.6 N (b) 7.2 N 22. An incompressible liquid flows through a horizontal tube as
(c) 9.0 N (d) 12.6 N shown in the following fig. Then the velocity v of the fluid
is
16. Ram and Shyam are having the same weight when measured
v 2 =1.5 m/s
outside the water. When measured under water, it is found A
that weight of Ram is more than that of Shyam, then we can
say that v 1 =3 m/s A
(a) Ram is having more fat content than Shyam. 1.5A
v
(b) Shyam is having more fat content that Ram.
(c) Ram and Shyam both are having the same fat content. (a) 3.0 m/s
(d) None of these. (b) 1.5 m/s
17. The reading of a spring balance when a block is suspended (c) 1.0 m/s
from it in air is 60 newton. This reading is changed to (d) 2.25 m/s
40 newton when the block is submerged in water. The
23. In the following fig. is shown the flow of liquid through a
specific gravity of the block must be therefore:
horizontal pipe. Three tubes A, B and C are connected to the
(a) 3 (b) 2 pipe. The radii of the tubes A, B and C at the junction are
(c) 6 (d) 3/2 respectively 2 cm, 1 cm and 2 cm. It can be said that the

178 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 (c)

A C
B

(a) Height of the liquid in the tube A is maximum (d)

(b) Height of the liquid in the tubes A and B is the same
(c) Height of the liquid in all the three tubes is the same 28. Water is flowing in a horizontal pipe of non-uniform cross-
(d) Height of the liquid in the tubes A and C is the same section. At the most contracted place of the pipe:
24. A cylinder of height 20 m is completely filled with water. (a) Velocity of water will be maximum and pressure
The velocity of efflux of water (in m/s) through a small hole minimum
on the side wall of the cylinder near its bottom is (b) Pressure of water will be maximum and velocity
(a) 10 (b) 20 minimum
(c) 25.5 (d) 5 (c) Both pressure and velocity of water will be maximum
25. Fig. represents vertical sections of four wings moving (d) Both pressure and velocity of water will be minimum
horizontally in air. In which case the force is upwards 29. A fire hydrant delivers water of density ρ at a volume rate
(a) (b) L. The water travels vertically upward through the hydrant
and then does 90° turn to emerge horizontally at speed V.
(c) (d) The pipe and nozzle have uniform cross-section throughout.
The force exerted by the water on the corner of the hydrant
26. An L-shaped glass tube is just immersed in flowing water is:
such that its opening is pointing against flowing water. If
V
the speed of water current is ν, then

V
h
(a) ρvL (b) zero
(c) 2ρvL (d) 2 ρvL
v 30. A cyclindrical vessel of cross-sectional area 1000 cm2, is
fitted with a frictionless piston of mass 10 kg, and filled
ν2 with water completely. A small hole of cross-sectional area
(a) The water in the tube rises to height
2g 10 mm2 is opened at a point 50 cm deep from the lower
g surface of the piston. The velocity of efflux from the hole
(b) The water in the tube rises to height will be
2ν 2
(a) 10.5 m/s (b) 3.4 m/s
(c) The water in the tube does not rise at all
(c) 0.8 m/s (d) 0.2 m/s
(d) None of these
27. For a fluid which is flowing steadily in the figure shown, SURFACE TENSION, SURFACE ENERGY
the level in the vertical tubes is best represented by
31. The value of surface tension of a liquid at critical temperature
is
(a) Zero (b) Infinite
(a) (c) Between 0 and ∞ (d) Can not be determined
32. Soap helps in cleaning clothes, because
(a) Chemicals of soap change
(b) It increases the surface tension of the solution
(c) It absorbs the dirt
(b) (d) It lowers the surface tension of the solution

P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 179

W
33. A pin or a needle floats on the surface of water, the reason (a) 180 ergs (b) 360 ergs
for this is (c) 720 ergs (d) 960 ergs
(a) Surface tension (b) Less weight 42. A water drop is divided into 8 equal droplets. The pressure
(c) Upthrust of liquid (d) None of the above difference between the inner and outer side of the big drop
34. Coatings used on raincoat are waterproof because will be :
(a) Water is absorbed by the coating (a) same as for smaller droplet
(b) Cohesive force becomes greater (b) 1/2 of that for smaller droplet
(c) Water is not scattered away by the coating (c) 1/4 of that for smaller droplet
(d) Angle of contact decreases (d) twice that for smaller droplet
35. The surface tension of a liquid
(a) Increases with area CAPILLARY RISE
(b) Decreases with area 43. Water does not wet an oily glass because
(c) Increase with temperature (a) Cohesive force of oil >> adhesive force between oil and
(d) Decrease with temperature glass
36. A thin metal disc of radius r floats on water surface and (b) Cohesive force of oil > cohesive force of water
bends the surface downwards along the perimeter making (c) Oil repels water
an angle θ with vertical edge of the disc. If the disc displaces (d) Cohesive force for water > adhesive force between water
a weight of water W and surface tension of water is T, then and oil molecules
the weight of metal disc is
44. A water drop takes the shape of a sphere in a oil while the
(a) 2πrT + W oil drop spreads in water, because
(b) 2πrT cos θ – W (a) C.F. for water > A.F. for water and oil
(c) 2πrT cos θ + W (b) C.F. for oil > A.F. for water and oil
(d) W – 2πrT cos θ (c) C.F. for oil < A.F. for water and oil
37. A 10 cm long wire is placed horizontally on the (d) None of the above
surface of water and is gently pulled up with a force of (A.F. = adhesive force C.F. = cohesive force)
2 ×10–2 N to keep the wire in equilibrium. The surface
tension, in Nm-1, of water is 45. Which of the fact is not due to surface tension
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (a) Dancing of a camphor piece over the surface of water
(c) 0.001 (d) 0.002 (b) Small mercury drop itself becomes spherical
(c) A liquid surface comes at rest after stirring
38. Two droplets merge with each other and forms a large droplet.
In this process (d) Mercury does not wet the glass vessel
(a) Energy is liberated 46. Mercury does not wet glass, wood or iron because
(b) Energy is absorbed (a) Cohesive force is less than adhesive force
(c) Neither liberated nor absorbed (b) Cohesive force is greater than adhesive force
(d) Some mass is converted into energy (c) Angle of contact is less than 90o
39. Radius of a soap bubble is ‘r’, surface tension of soap solution (d) Cohesive force is equal to adhesive force
is T. Then without increasing the temperature, how much 47. A mercury drop does not spread on a glass plate because the
energy will be needed to double its radius angle of contact between glass and mercury is
(a) 4πr2T (b) 2πr2T (a) Acute
(c) 12πr2T (d) 24πr2T (b) Obtuse
40. If T is the surface tension of soap solution, the amount of (c) Zero
work done in blowing a soap bubble from a diameter D to (d) 90°
2D is
48. A glass plate is partly dipped vertically in the mercury and
(a) 2πD2T (b) 4πD2T the angle of contact is measured. If the plate is inclined, then
(c) 6πD T 2 (d) 8πD2T the angle of contact will
1 (a) Increase
41. The radius of a soap bubble is increased from cm
π (b) Remain unchanged
2
to cm. If the surface tension of water is 30 dynes (c) Increase or decrease
π
per cm, then the work done will be (d) Decrease

180 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 49. If a water drop is kept between two glass plates, then its 55. The excess of pressure inside a soap bubble than that of the
shape is outer pressure is
2T 4T T T
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r r 2r r
(a) (b) 56. A soap bubble in vacuum has a radius of 3 cm and another
soap bubble in vacuum has a radius of 4 cm. If the two
bubbles coalesce under isothermal condition, then the radius
of the new bubble is
(a) 2.3 cm (b) 4.5 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 7 cm
(c) (d) None of these 57. Excess pressure of one soap bubble is four times more than
the other. Then the ratio of volume of first bubble to another
one is
50. Water rises in a capillary tube to a height h. it will rise to a (a) 1 : 64 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 64 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
height more than h
58. When charge is given to a soap bubble, it shows:
(a) on the surface of sun
(a) a decrease in size
(b) in a lift moving down with an acceleration
(b) no change in size
(c) at the poles
(c) an increase in size
(d) in a lift moving up with an acceleration
(d) sometimes an increase and sometimes a decreases in
51. A capillary tube of radius R is immersed in water and water
size
rises in it to a height H. Mass of water in capillary tube is
M. if the radius of the tube is doubled, mass of water that 59. A soap bubble of radius r1 is placed on another soap bubble
will rise in capillary tube will be of radius r2(r1 < r2). The radius R of the soapy film separating
(a) 2M (b) M the two bubbles is:
M (a) r1 + r2 (b) r12 + r22
(c) (d) 4M
2 r2 r1
(c) (r13 + r23) (d)
52. In a surface tension experiment with a capillary tube water r2 − r1
rises upto 0.1 m. If the same experiment is repeated in an
60. Two unequal soap bubbles are formed one on each side of a
artificial satellite, which is revolving around the earth; water
tube closed in the middle by a tap. What happens when the
will rise in the capillary tube upto a height of
tap is opened to put the two bubbles in communication?
(a) 0.1 m (b) 0.2 m
(a) No air passes in any direction as the pressure are the
(c) 0.98 m (d) full length of tube
same on two sides of the tap
(b) Larger bubble shrinks and smaller bubble increases in
EXCESS PRESSURE IN DROP AND BUBBLE
size till they become equal in size
53. A soap bubble assumes a spherical surface. Which of the (c) Smaller bubble gradually collapses and the bigger one
following statement is wrong increases in size
(a) The soap film consists of two surface layers of molecules
(d) None of the above
back to back
(b) The bubble encloses air inside it
VISCOSITY AND VISCOUS FORCE
(c) The pressure of air inside the bubble is less than the
atmospheric pressure; that is why the atmospheric 61. From amongst the following curves, which one shows the
pressure has compressed it equally from all sides to variation of the velocity v with time t for a small sized
give it a spherical shape spherical body falling vertically in a long column of a viscous
(d) Because of the elastic property of the film, it will tend liquid
to shrink to as small a surface area as possible for the (a) v (b) v
volume it has enclosed
54. If two soap bubbles of different radii are in connected with
each other
(a) Air flows from larger bubble into the smaller one t t
(b) The size of the bubbles remains the same (c) v (d) v
(c) Air flows from the smaller bubble into the large one and
the larger bubble grows at the expense of the smaller
one
(d) The air flows from the larger t t
P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 181
W
62. Two spherical raindrops of equal size are falling vertically covered is represented by
through air with a terminal velocity of 1 m/s. What would (a) (b)
be the terminal speed if these two drops were to coalesce to v
v
form a large spherical drop?
(a) 2.1 m/s (b) 1.58 m/s
(c) 2.21 m/s (d) 2.34 m/s
Distance covered Distance covered
63. What is the velocity v of a metallic ball of radius r falling in
a tank of liquid at the instant when its acceleration is one-half (c) (d)
that of a freely falling body? (The densities of metal and of v v
liquid are ρ and σ respectively, and the viscosity of the liquid
is η ).
r2g r2g
(a) ( ρ − 2σ ) (b) ( 2ρ − σ )
Distance covered Distance covered
65. Two drops of same radius are falling through air with steady
9η 9η
velocity of v cm/s. If the two drops coalesce, what would be
r2g 2r 2 g the terminal velocity?
(c) (ρ − σ) (d) (ρ − σ)
9η 9η (a) 4v
64. A lead shot of 1 mm diameter falls through a long column (b) (4)1/3v
of glycerine. The variation of its velocity v. with distance (c) 2 v
(d) 64 v

Exercise-2 (Learning Plus)

1. The density of ice is x gm/cc and that of water is y gm/cc. 4. Figure here shows the vertical cross-section of a vessel filled
What is the change in volume in cc, when m gm of ice melts? with a liquid of density r. The normal thrust per unit area on
(a) m (y – x) (b) (y – x)/m the walls of the vessel at point. P, as shown, will be
(c) mxy (x – y) (d) m (1/y – 1/x)
P
2. An inverted bell lying at the bottom of a lake 47.6 m deep
H
has 50 cm3 of air trapped in it. The bell is brought to the h
surface of the lake. The volume of the trapped air will 
be (atmospheric pressure = 70 cm of Hg and density of
Hg = 13.6 g/cm3) (a) h r g (b) H r g
(a) 350 cm3 (b) 300 cm3 (c) (H – h) r g (d) (H – h) r g cos q
(c) 250 cm3 (d) 22 cm3 5. The area of cross-section of the wider tube shown in figure is
800 cm2. If a mass of 12 kg is placed on the massless piston,
3. A light semi cylindrical gate of radius R is pivoted at its mid the difference in heights h in the level of water in the two
point O, of the diameter as shown in the figure holding liquid tubes is:
of density r. The force F required to prevent the rotation of
the gate is equal to 12kg
h

R
 F (a) 10 cm (b) 6 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) 2 cm
(a) 2rR3rg
6. Two bodies are in equilibrium when suspended in water from
(b) 2rgR3l the arms of a balance. The mass of one body is 36 g and its
2 R 2 lρg density is 9 g/cc. If the mass of the other is 48 g, its density
(c) in g/cc is :
3
(a) 4/3 (b) 3/2 (c) 3 (d) 5
(d) None of these

182 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 7. A cubical block of wood 10 cm on a side, floats at the
interface of oil and water as shown in figure. The density of D
oil is 0.6 g cm–3 and density of water is 1 g cm–3. The mass P
of the block is H

Oil density
0.6gcm–3 6 cm x
Water 4 cm D( H − D)
(a) x = D( H − D) (b) x =
2
(c) x = 2 D( H − D) (d) x = 4 D( H − D)
(a) 706 g (b) 607 g
(c) 760 g (d) 670 g 13. A cylindrical tank of height 0.4 m is open at the top and
8. A metal ball of density 7800 kg/m3
is suspected to have a has a diameter 0.16 m. Water is filled in it up to a height of
large number of cavities. It weighs 9.8 kg when weighed 0.16 m. How long it will take to empty the tank through a
directly on a balance and 1.5 kg less when immersed in hole of radius 5×10–3 m in its bottoms?
water. The fraction by volume of the cavities in the metal (a) 46.26 sec. (b) 4.6 sec.
ball is approximately: (c) 462.6 sec. (d) 0.46 sec.
(a) 20% (b) 30% 14. The cross sectional area of a horizontal tube increases along
(c) 16% (d) 11% its length linearly, as we move in the direction of flow. The
9. A sphere of radius R and made of material of relative density variation of pressure, as we move along its length in the
σ has a concentric cavity of radius r. It just floats when direction of flow (x-direction), is best depicted by which of
placed in a tank full of water. The value of the ratio R/r will the following graphs
be P
P
1/3 1/3
σ  σ −1 
(a)   (b)   (a) (b)
 σ −1   σ  x
x
1/3 1/3
σ +1 σ −1 
(c)   (d)  
P P
 σ   σ +1 (c) (d)
10. A beaker containing water is placed on the platform of a x x
spring balance. The balance reads 1.5 kg. A stone of mass 15. Water is flowing steadily through a horizontal tube of
0.5 kg and density 500 kg/m3 is immersed in water without non uniform cross-section. If the pressure of water is
touching the walls of beaker. What will be the balance
4 × 104 N/m2 at a point where cross-section is 0.02 m2 and
reading now?
velocity of flow is 2 m/s, what is pressure at a point where
(a) 2 kg (b) 2.5 kg cross-section reduces to 0.01 m2
(c) 1 kg (d) 3 kg (a) 1.4 × 104 N/m2 (b) 3.4 × 104 N/m2
11. A cylindrical block of area of cross-section A and of material (c) 2.4 × 10–4 N/m2 (d) none of these
of density ρ is placed in a liquid of density one-third of
16. A tube is attached as shown
density of block. The block compresses a spring and
in closed vessel containing
compression in the spring is one-third of the length of the
water. The velocity of water
block. If acceleration due to gravity is g, the spring constant
coming out from a small hole
of the spring is
is:
20 cm
(a) 2 m/s
(b) 2 m/s
(c) depends on pressure of air inside vessel
(d) None of these
17. A cylindrical vessel open at the open at the top is 20 cm high
(a) ρAg (b) 2ρAg and 10 cm in diameter. A circular hole whose cross-sectional
(c) 2ρAg/3 (d) ρAg/3 area 1 cm2 is cut at the centre of the bottom of the vessel.
Water flows from a tube above it into the vessel at the rate
12. A tank is filled with water up to height H. Water is allowed
100 cm3s–1. The height of water in the vessel under state is
to come out of a hole P in one of the walls at a depth D
(Take g = 1000 cms–2)
below the surface of water as shown in the figure. Express
the horizontal distance x in terms of H and D: (a) 20 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 5 cm

P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 183

W
18. A vertical tank, open at the top, is filled with a liquid and 24. Water rises to a height h in a capillary tube lowered vertically
rests on a smooth horizontal surface. A small hole is opened into water to a depth  as shown in the figure. The lower end
at the centre of one side of the tank. The area of cross-section of the tube is closed, the tube is then taken out of the water
of the tank is N times the area of the hole, where N is a and opened again. The length of the water column remaining
large number. Neglect mass of the tank itself. The initial in the tube will be:
acceleration of the tank is
g g
(a) (b)
2N 2N h
g g
(c) (d)
N 2 N
19. A horizontal right angle pipe bend has cross-sectional 
area = 10 cm 2 and water flows through it at speed
= 20 m/s. The force on the pipe bend due to the turning of
water is : (a) 2h if  > h and  + h if  < h
(a) 565.7 N (b) h if  > h and  + h if  < h
(b) 400 N (c) 4h if  > h and  – h if  < h
(c) 20 N (d) h/2 if  > h and  + h if  < h
(d) 282.8 N 25. Two parallel glass plates are dipped partly in the liquid of
density ‘d’. keeping them vertical. If the distance between
20. Water is pumped from a depth of 10 m and delivered through
the plates is ‘x’, Surface tension for liquid is T & angle of
a pipe of cross section 10–2m2. If it is needed to deliver a
contact is θ then rise of liquid between the plates due to
volume of 10–1m3 per second the power required will be:
capillary will be:
(a) 10 kW (b) 9.8 kW
T cos θ 2T cos θ
(c) 15 kW (d) 4.9 kW (a) (b)
xd xd g
21. Fountains usually seen in gardens are generated by a wide 2T T cos θ
pipe with an enclosure at one end having many small holes. (c) (d)
x d g cos θ xd g
Consider one such fountain which is produced by a pipe of
internal diameter 2 cm in which water flows at a rate 3ms­­­–1. 26. A tube of fine bore AB is connected to a manometer M as
The enclosure has 100 holes each of diameter 0.05 cm. The shown. the stop cock S controls the flow of air. AB is dipped
velocity of water coming out of the holes is (in ms–1): into a liquid whose surface tension is σ. On opening the stop
(a) 0.48 (b) 96 cock for a while, a bubble is formed at B and the manometer
level is recorded, showing a difference h in the levels in the
(c) 24 (d) 48
two arms. if ρ be the density of manometer liquid and r the
22. A thread is tied slightly loose to a wire frame as shown in radius of curvature of the bubble, then the surface tension
the figure. And the frame is dipped into a soap solution and σ of the liquid is given by
taken out. The frame is completely covered with the film.
S
When the portion A is punctured with a pin, the thread:
A
Frame
A

B Thread h M
B

(a) ρhrg (b) 2ρhgr

(a) becomes convex towards A rhρg
(c) 4ρhrg (d)
(b) becomes concave towards A 4
(c) remains in the initial position 27. An air bubble of radius r in water is at a depth h below the
(d) either (a) or (b) depending on size of A w.r.t. B water surface at some instant. If P is atmospheric pressure,
23. The work done to get n smaller equal size spherical drops d and T are density and surface tension of water respectively,
from a bigger size spherical drop of water is proportional to: the pressure inside the bubble will be:
4T 2T
 1   1  (a) P + h dg – (b) P + h dg +
(a)  2/3  − 1 (b)  1/3  − 1 r r
n  n 
2T 4T
(c) n1/3 – 1 (d) n4/3 – 1 (c) P + h dg – (d) P + h dg +
r r
184 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW
 28. A cylinder with a movable piston contains air under a (a) The cube will remain stationary
pressure p1 and a soap bubble of radius ‘r’. The pressure p2 (b) The cube will oscillate with very small amplitude in
to which the air should be compressed by slowly pushing same phase with piston
the piston into the cylinder for the soap bubble to reduce
(c) The cube will oscillate with very small amplitude in
its size by half will be: (The surface tension is σ, and the
opposite phase with piston
temperature T is maintained constant)
(d) The cube will oscillate with amplitude A
 24σ   24σ 
(a) 8 p1 +  (b)  2 p1 + 33. An ideal liquid is flowing in two pipes, one is inclined and
 r   r 
second is horizontal. Both the pipes are connected by two
 24σ   12σ 
(c)  2 p1 +  (d)  2 p1 + vertical tubes of length h1 and h2 as shown in the figure. The
 r   r  flow is streamline in both the pipes. If velocity of liquid at A,
29. A Newtonian fluid fills the clearance between a shaft and a B and C are 2m/s, 4m/s and 4m/s respectively, the velocity
sleeve. When a force of 800N is applied to the shaft, parallel at D will be :
to the sleeve, the shaft attains a speed of 1.5 cm/sec. If a force
of 2.4 kN is applied instead, the shaft would move with a A C
speed of
h1 h2
(a) 1.5 cm/sec (b) 13.5 cm/sec
(c) 4.5 cm/sec (d) None of these B
D
30. A solid metallic sphere of radius r is allowed to fall
freely through air. If the frictional resistance due to air is (a) 4 m/s (b) 14 m/s
proportional to the cross-sectional area and to the square (c) 28 m/s (d) Nsone of these
of the velocity, then the terminal velocity of the sphere is 34. A small body with relative density d1 falls in air from a height
proportional to which of the following? 'h' on to the surface of a liquid of relative density d2 where
(a) r2 (b) r (c) r3/2 (d) r1/2 d2 > d1. The time elapsed after entering the liquid to the instant
31. A spherical ball of density ρ and radius 0.003 m is dropped when it comes to instantaneous rest inside liquid :
into a tube containing a viscous fluid filled up to the 2h d 2
0 cm mark as shown in the figure. Viscosity of the fluid (a)
g d1
= 1.260 N.m–2 and its density ρL = ρ/2 = 1260 kg . m–3.
Assume the ball reaches a terminal speed by the 10 cm mark. 2h d1
The time taken by the ball to traverse the distance between (b) ⋅
g d 2 − d1
the 10 cm and 20 cm mark is.
(g = acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms–2) 2h d1
(c)
g d2
2h d 2 − d1
0 cm (d)
g d1
10 cm 35. A solid cone of uniform density A
and height 2R and base radius
20 cm R has a conical portion scooped
out from its base with the same C
(a) 500 µs (b) 50 ms (c) 0.5 s (d) 5 s 2R
base radius but height R as
32. A cubical block of side 'a’ is floating in a fixed and closed shown in the figure. The solid R
cylindrical container of radius 2a kept on the ground. cone is floating in a liquid
Density of the block is r, whereas the density of liquid is of density ρ with vertex A B D
2r. Container is made up of conducting wall so that the touching the fluid surface. If
temperature remains constant. A piston is mounted in the atmospheric pressure is P0, the force acting on the surface
cylinder which can move inside the cylinder without friction. BCD due to liquid is :
If piston oscillates with large amplitude A :
πr 3ρg  3P 
2a (a)  5+ o 
3  Rρg 
πr 3ρg  P 
a (b)  2+ o 
3  Rρ g 
πR3ρg  P 
(c)  5+ 0 
2  Rρg 
 P 
(d) 2πR 3ρg 5 + 0 
 Rρg 
P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 185
W
36. A solid cylinder of height h and mass m floats in a liquid of O
density ρ as shown in figure. Now the cylinder is released
inside a liquid of density ρ/4, contained in a downward Hinge
accelerated vessel. Determine the magnitude of acceleration
of vessel a, for which cylinder sinks with relative acceleration
a/3 with respect to vessel. Neglect any dissipative force :
F
h/4 1m

m 256 256
(a) ρg (b)
ρg
r/4 3 9
128 128
(c) ρg (d) ρg
2 4 9 3
(a) g (b) g
3 3 39. A wide vessel with small hole in the bottom is filled with
3 1 water and kerosene. Neglecting viscosity, the velocity of
(c) g (d) g
4 3 water flow v, if the thickness of water layer is h1 and that of
37. Two spherical balls of radius r1 and r2 (< r1) and of density kerosene layer is h2, is: (density of water r1 gm/cc and that
s are tied up with a long string and released in a viscous of kerosene is r2 gm/cc.)
liquid column of lesser density r with the string just taut as
(a) v
= 2 g ( h1 + h2 )
shown. Find the tension in the string when terminal velocity
is attained : (b)
= v 2 g ( h1ρ1 + h2 ρ2 )

  ρ 
r1 (c) v
= 2 g  h1 + h2  2  
  ρ1  
 ρ  
=(d) v 2 g  h1  1  + h2 
r2   ρ2  
40. A soap bubble of radius r is placed on another soap bubble
3 r −r 
4 4 of radius R. What is the radius of the film separating the two
(a) π  ( σ − ρ) g
2 1

4  r2 − r1  bubbles ?
Rr Rr
2
(b) π ( r24 − r14 ) ( σ − ρ ) g (a)
R−r
(b)
R+r
3
R r
4 (c) (d)
(c) π ( r24 − r13 ) ( σ − ρ ) g R+r R +r
3
41. A drop of water of mass 0.2 g is placed between two glass
4  r24 − r14  plates. The distance between them is 0.01 cm. Find the force
(d) π  ( σ − ρ) g
3  r2 + r1  of attraction between the plates if surface tension of water
38. A square gate of size 4 m × 4 m is hinged at topmost point. = 0.07 Nm–1 :
A fluid of density ρ fills the space left of it. The force which (a) 2.8 N (b) 3.5 N
acting 1 m from lowest point can hold the gate stationary is : (c) 0.7 N (d) 1.25 N

Exercise-3 (JEE Advanced Level)

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS (c) The energy released or absorbed will be E(n – n2/3)
1. In drops of a liquid each with surface energy E join to form (d) The energy released or absorbed will be nE(22/3 –1)
a single drop. Then : 2. Mercury of density (r Hg ) is poured into cylindrical
(a) Some energy will be released in the process communicating vessels of cross-sectional area A1 and A2
(b) Some energy will be absorbed in the process respectively (A1 > A2). A solid iron cube of volume V0 and

186 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 density riron is dropped into the broad vessel, and as a result 5. The vessel shown in Figure has two sections of area of
the level of the mercury in it rises. Then liquid of density rliq cross-section A1 and A2. A liquid of density r fills both the
poured into the broader vessel until the mercury reaches the sections, up to height h in each. Neglecting atomospheric
previous level in it. The height of water column h is : pressure,
V0 ρiron
(a) if rhe liquid does not submerge the block
ρliq ( A2 + V02/3 ) A1
h
V0 ρiron
(b) if the liquid does not submerge the block
ρliq A2
V0 x
(c) if the liquid submerge the block
A2
A2
V0  ρiron − ρliq  ρHg h
(d)   if the liquid submerge the block
A2  ρHg − ρliq  ρliq
3. A bottle is kept on the ground as shown in the figure. The
bottle can be modelled as having two cylindrical zones. The
lower zone of the bottle has a cross-sectional radius of R 2 (a) the pressure at the base of the vessel is 2 h r g
and is filled with honey of density 2r. The upper zone of the (b) The weight of the liquid in vessel is equal to 2 h r g
bottle is filled with the water of density r and has a cross- (c) The force exerted by the liquid on the base of vessel is
sectional radius R. The height of the lower zone is H while
2 h r g A2
that of the upper zone is 2H. If now the honey and the water
parts are mixed together to form a homogeneous solution : (d) The walls of the vessel at the level x exert a force h r g
(Assume that total volume does not change) (A2 – A1) downwards on the liquid.
R 6. A cubical block of wood of edge 10cm and mass 0.92 kg
floats on a tank of water with oil of rel. density 0.6. Thickness
of oil is 4cm above water. When the block attains equilibrium
with four of its side edges vertical:
 2H (a) 1 cm of it will be above the free surface of oil.
(b) 5 cm of it will be under water.
(c) 2 cm of it will be above the common surface of oil and
water.
H (d) 8 cm of it will be under water.
Honey
7. An air bubble in a water tank rises from the bottom to the
top. Which of the following statements are true?
(a) The pressure inside the bottle at the base will remain
(a) Bubble rises upwards because pressure at the bottom is
unaltered.
less than that at the top.
(b) The normal reaction on the bottle from the ground will
remain unaltered (b) Bubble rises upwards because pressure at the bottom is
(c) The pressure inside the bottle at the base will increase greater than that at the top.
by an amount (1/2) rgH (c) As the bubble rises, its size increases.
(d) The pressure inside the bottle at the base will decrease (d) As the bubble rises, its size decreases.
by an amount (1/4) rgH
8. If for a liquid in a vessel, force of a cohesion is twice of
4. Pressure gradient in a static fluid is represented by adhesion:
(z–direction is vertically upwards, and x-axis is along
(a) The meniscus will be convex upwards
horizontal, d is density of fluid):
(b) The angle of contact will be obtuse
∂p
(a) = – dg (c) The liquid will descend in the capillary tube
∂z
(d) The liquid will wet the solid
∂p
(b) = dg 9. The rise of liquid in a capillary tube depends on:
∂z
∂p (a) The material of tube and nature of liquid
(c) =0 (b) The length of tube
∂z
∂p (c) The outer radius
(d) =0 (d) The inner radius of the tube
∂z
P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 187
W
 10. Which of the following statements are true in case when two 13. Equation for the flow rate, i.e. the mass of water flowing
water drops coalesce and make a bigger drop: through a given point in the stream per unit time, as function
(a) Energy is released of the water speed v will be
(b) Energy is absorbed (a) v ρw π D2 / 4
(c) The surface area of the bigger drop is greater than the (b) v ρw (π D2 / 4 – π D02 /4)
sum of the surface areas of both the drops
(c) v ρw π D2 / 2
(d) The surface area of the bigger drop is smaller than the
(d) v ρw π D02 / 4
sum of the surface areas of both the drops
14. Which of the following equation expresses the fact that the
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS flow rate at the tap is the same as at the stream point with
Comprehension (Q. 11 to 12): A rod of length 6 m has a mass diameter D and velocity v (i.e. D in terms of D0, v0 and v
12 kg. It is hinged at one end A at a distance of 3 m below water will be):
surface. The specific gravity of the material of rod is 0.5. Dv
(a) D = 0 0
B v
D0 v02
W (b) D =
G v2
3m Dv
Hinge (c) D = 0
v0
A
v0
11. What weight must be attached to the other end B so that (d) D = D0
5 m of the rod is immersed in water ? v
(a) 7kgf 15. The equation for the water speed v as a function of the
distance x below the tap will be:
(b) 7 kgf (a) v = 2gb
3
(b) v = [2g (b + x)]1/2
7
(c) kgf (c) v = 2gx
5
(d) v = [2g (b – x)]1/2
(d) 7 kgf
2 16. Equation for the stream diameter D in terms of x and D0 will
12. Find the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the be:
hinge on the rod:  b 
1/4

17 (a) D = D0  
(a) kgf in the downward direction b+ x
3 1/2
(b) 8 kgf in the downward direction  b 
(b) D = D0  
(c) 4 kgf in the downward direction b+ x
(d) 5 kgf in the downward direction  b 
(c) D = D0  
Comprehension (Q. 13 to 17): The figure shows the commonly b+ x
2
observed decrease in diameter of a water stream as it falls from a  b 
(d) D = D0  
tap. The tap has internal diameter D0 and is connected to a large b+ x
tank of water. The surface of the water is at a height b above the 17. A student observes after setting up this experiment that
end of the tap. for a tap with D0 = 1 cm at x = 0.3 m the stream diameter
By considering the dynamics of a thin “cylinder” of water D = 0.9 cm. The heights b of the water above the tap in this
in the stream answer the following: (Ignore any resistance to the case will be:
flow and any effects of surface tension, given ρw = density of (a) 5.7 cm (b) 57 cm
water) (c) 27 cm (d) 2.7 cm

MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS

b 18. A wooden block floats in water in a sealed container. Which
copper in litre, at rest, 25% of the block is above the water.
D0,V0 In Column-I the description of the motion of lift is given,
x
while in Column-II the effect of motion of lift on the block
is mentioned. Match the entries of Column-I with the entries
D,V
of Column-II :

188 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 20. A cuboid is filled with liquid of density ρ2 upto height h &
Column-I Column-II
with liquid of density ρ1 , also upto height h as shown in the
A. When the lift is p. Greater than or less figure
going up or coming than 25% of the block B
A
down with constant is above the water.
velocity.
h 1
B. When the lift is q. 25% of the block is D
accelerating up. above die water. C
C. When the lift is r. Exact fraction of the h 2
accelerating down. block above the water F
can’t be determined 
E
from given information.
Column-I Column-II
D. When the lift is Exact fraction of the
moving up with block above the water A. Force on face ABCD due to p. zero
constant speed and can be determined from liquid of density ρ1
s.
air pressure above the given information. B. Force on face ABCD due to q. ρ1 gh 2 
water in the container liquid of density ρ2
2
is increased.
C. Force on face CDEF transferrred r. ρ gh2
1
(a) A→ (q, s) B → (q, s) C → (q, s) D → (q, s) due to liquid of density ρ1
(b) A → (s); B → (r); C → (p); D → (s) D. Force on face CDEF due to s. ρ gh 2 
2
(c) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q); D → (t) liquid of density ρ2 only
2
(d) A → (p); B → (q); C → (t); D → (s)
(a) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q); D → (t)
19. A cubical box is completely filled with mass m of a liquid
and is given horizontal acceleration a as shown in the figure. (b) A → (s); B → (r); C → (p); D → (s)
Match the force due to fluid pressure on the faces of the (c) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q); D → (t)
cube with their appropriate values (assume zero pressure as (d) A → (p); B → (q); C → (r); D → (s)
minimum pressure)
E F NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS
21. A tank is filled with water upto height of 1 m. A hole is to
A B a be made in the side wall so that the liquid coming out from
G the side falls first in a cup kept 1 m away from the right side.
H How high (in cm) should the hole be made?
C D
Column-I Column-II
A. force on face ABFE p. ma 1m
2
B. force on face BFHD q. mg
1m
2
22. The cross-sectional area of the aorta (the major blood vessel
C. force on face ACGE r. ma mg emerging from the heart) of a normal resting person is
+ 3 cm2, and the speed of blood through it is 30 cm/s. A typical
2 2
capillary has cross-sectional area of 3 × 10–7 cm2 and a flow
D. force on face CGHD s. mg speed of 0.05 cm/s. How many capillaries (in multiple of
+ mg 109) does such a person have? (Assume that all the blood
2
that passes through the capillaries must have passed through
t. mg the aorta).
+ ma
2 23. A uniform block of wood placed in water floats with exactly
2/3 of its volume submerged. Assume that the water has a
(a) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q); D → (t) density of 1 × 103 kg/m3.The exact same block of wood,
(b) A → (s); B → (r); C → (p); D → (s) 5
(c) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q); D → (t) placed in oil, floats with of its volume submerged. Using
6
(d) A → (p); B → (q); C → (t); D → (s) this information, what is the density of the oil in kg/m3?
P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 189
W
 24. The original length of a spring is 25 cm. It elongates 2 cm 3
if a force of 0.96 N is exerted on it. A container is filled of water 3 in the reservoir is z = x . The concrete block
4
with water and one end of the spring is fixed 30 cm above cannot slide on the horizontal base but can rotate about an
the surface of the water in the container. A wooden block of axis perpendicular to the plane of the figure and passing
mass 32 g and of density 0.4 g/cm3 is hanged onto the other through point A
end of the spring. The height of the block is 5 cm. To what y
depth (in mm) does the block sink into the water?
Concrete x
block
z
30 cm
A
y
5 cm (a) Calculate k if the minimum value of the ratio for
x
which the block will not begin to overturn about A is
3
25. A wooden block of mass 0.6 kg of size 10 cm × 10 cm × 10
4 k
cm is floating over an unknown liquid as shown in the figure
(b) Redo the above problem for the case when there is a
4 cm seepage and a thin film of water is present under the
block. Assume that a seal at A prevents the water from
flowing out underneath the block.
How much minimum mass (in gm) should be kept on the
30. A water clock consist of a vessel which has a small orifice O.
wooden block so that it completely submerges into liquid?
The upper container is filled with water which trickles clown
26. A microscope slide measures 6.0 cm × 1.5 cm × 0.20 cm. into the lower container. The shape of the (upper or lower)
It is suspended with its face vertical and with its longest container is such that height of waler in I lie upper container
side horizontal and is lowered into a liquid until it is half changes at a uniform rate. Assume that atmospheric air can
immersed. Its apparent weight is then found to be the same enter inside the lower container through a hole in it and
as its weight in air. Calculate the surface tension of liquid in that the upper container is open at the top. Vessel is axially
10–3 N/m , assuming the angle of contact to be zero. Density symmetric. If the relation between radius (x) of cross-section
of liquid is 1000 kg/m3. Round off to nearest integer. π2 vo2 k
of water level and the water level hight (z)= is z ⋅x .
27. Two solid balls have different radii but are made of same The value of k is 2 gAo2
material. The balls are linked together with a long thin thread
and released from a large height. At the terminal velocity,
the thread is under tension. The larger ball has a fixed mass,
but we have choice of the smaller ball with different masses.
At what ratio of larger and smaller mass will this tension be O
maximum?
28. A non uniform cube of side length a is kept inside a container
as shown in the figure. The average density of the material
of the cube is 2 r where r is the density of water. Water is 31. There are two tanks next to each other having cross sectional
gradually filled in the container. It is observed that the cube area A1 and A2. They are interconnected by a narrow pipe
begins to topple, about its edge (into the plane of the figure) having area of cross section equal to A0. Initial height of
passing through point A, when the height of the water in the water in the two tanks is h1 and h2 measured from the level
of the pipe. Assume that the flow is ideal and behaves in a
a
a container becomes . Find N if the distance of the centre way similar to the discharge in air. Calculate N if the time
2 needed for the water level in two tanks to become same is
of mass of the cube from the face AB of the cube is a/N.
Assume that water seeps under the cube. A1 A2 N (h1 − h2 )
Ao ( A1 + A2 ) g
B
a A1 A2
A
h1
29. A rectangular concrete block (specific gravity = 2.5) is h2
used as a retaining wall in a reservoir of water. The height
and width of the block are x and y respectively. The height

190 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 Exercise-4 (Past Year Questions)

JEE MAIN 7. Water from a pipe is coming at a rate of 100 litres per minute.
If the radius of the pipe is 5 cm, the Reynolds number for
1. A liquid of density ρ is coming out of a hose pipe of radius the flow is of the order of : (density of water = 1000 kg/m3,
a with horizontal speed ν and hits a mesh. 50% of the liquid coefficient of viscosity of water = 1mPas)(2019)
passes through the mesh unaffected. 25% looses all of its
(a) 106 (b) 103
momentum and 25% comes back with the same speed. The
(c) 10 4 (d) 102
resultant pressure on the mesh will be: (2019)
1 2 3 2 8. A submarine experiences a pressure of 5.05 × 106 Pa at a
(a) ρν (b) ρν
4 4 depth of d1 in a sea. When it goes further to a depth of d2,
1 2 it experiences a pressure of 8.08 × 106 Pa., Then d2 – d1 is
(c) ρν (d) ρν 2
2 approximately (density of water = 103 kg/m3 and acceleration
2. A cylindrical plastic bottle of negligible mass of filled with due to gravity = 10 ms–2) (2019)
310 ml of water and left floating in a pond with still water. If (a) 500 m (b) 400 m
pressed downward slightly and released, it starts performing (c) 300 m (d) 600 m
simple harmonic motion at angular frequency ω. If the radius
9. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an
of the bottle is 2.5 cm then ω is close to : (density of water
initial speed of 1.0 ms–1. The cross sectional area of the tap
= 103 kg/m3) (2019)
is 10–4m2. Assume that the pressure is constant throughout
(a) 3.75 rad s–1 (b) 1.25 rad s–1 the stream of water and that the flow is streamlined. The
(c) 2.50 rad s–1 (d) 5.00 rad s–1 cross-sectional area of the stream, 0.15 m below the tap
3. A long cylindrical vessel is half filled with a liquid. When would be: (2019)
the vessel is rotated about its own vertical axis, the liquid (Take g = 10 ms–2)
rises up near the wall. If the radius of vessel is 5 cm and its
(a) 1 × 10–5 m2 (b) 5 × 10–5 m2
rotational speed is 2 rotations per second. then the difference –5 2
in the heights between the centre and the sides, in cm, will (c) 2 × 10 m (d) 5 × 10–4 m2
be: (2019) 10. A cubical block of side 0.5 m floats on water with 30% of
(a) 2.0 (b) 0.1 its volume under water. What is the maximum weight that
(c) 0.4 (d) 1.2 can be put on the block without fully submerging it under
4. Water flows into a large tank with flat bottom at the rate of water? (Take density of water = 103 kg/m3) (2019)
10–4 m3s–1. Water is also leaking out of a hole of area 1 cm2 (a) 65.4 kg (b) 87.5 kg
at its bottom. If the height of the water in the tank remains (c) 30.1 kg (d) 46.3 kg
steady, then this height is: (2019) 11. An ideal fluid flows (laminar flow) through a pipe of non-
(a) 5.1 cm (b) 1.7 cm uniform diameter. the maximum and minimum diameters of
(c) 4 cm (d) 2.9 cm the pipes are 6.4 cm and 4.8 cm, respectively. The ratio of
5. The top of a water is open to air and its water level is the minimum and the maximum velocities of fluid in this
maintained. It is giving out 0.74 m3 water per minute through pipe is: (2020)
a circular opening of 2 cm radius in its wall. The depth of 9 3
(a) (b)
the centre of the opening from the level of water in the tank 16 2
is close to: (2019) 81 3
(a) 6.0 m (b) 4.8 m (c) (d)
256 4
(c) 9.6 m (d) 2.9 m 12. Consider a solid sphere of radius R and mass density
4  r2 
6. A wooden block floating in a bucket of water has of its ρ(r) = ρ0 1 − 2  0 < r ≤ R. The minimum density of a
5
volume submerged. When certain amount of an oil is poured  R 
liquid in which it will float is: (2020)
into the bucket, it is found that the block is just under the oil
surface with half of its volume under water and half in oil. ρ0 2ρ0
(a) (b)
The density of oil relative to that of water is: (2019) 3 3
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.7 ρ0 2ρ0
(c) (d)
(c) 0.6 (d) 0.8 5 5

P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 191

W
 13. Two liquids of densities ρ1 and ρ2 (ρ2 = 2ρ1) are filled up in through a pipe of negligible volume very close to the bottom,
a closed vessel behind a square wall of side 10m as shown in the liquid flows from one vessel to the other until it comes
figure. Each liquid has a height of 5m. The ratio of the forces to equilibrium at a new height. The change in energy of the
due to these liquids exerted on upper part MN to that at the system in the process is (2020)
lower part NO is (Assume that the liquids are not mixing): 1
(a) gdS ( x2 + x1 ) 2 (b) gdS ( x2 − x1 ) 2
 (2020) 4
3
M (c) gdS ( x2 − x1 ) 2 (d) gdS ( x22 + x12 )
4
5m
17. A hollow spherical shell at outer radius R floats just
N submerged under the water surface. The inner radius of the
5m 27
shell is r. If the specific gravity of the shell material is
8
O w.r.t water, the value of r is (2020)
2 4
1 1 1 2 (a) R (b) R
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 9
2 3 4 3
14. Water flows in a horizontal tube (see figure). The pressure 1 8
(c) R (d) R
of water changes by 700 Nm–2 between A and B where the 3 9
area of cross section are 40 cm2 and 20 cm2, respectively. 18. A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-
Find the rate of flow of water thorugh the tube. (density of section, with speed ν ms–1 at a point where the pressure is P
water = 1000 kgm –3) (2020) pascal.
A P
At another point where pressure is pascal its speed is
B 2
V ms . If the density of the fluid is ρ kg m–3 and the flow
–1

is streamline, then V is equal to: (2020)

P 2P
(a) + ν2 (b) + ν2
(a) 2720 cm3/s (b) 2420 cm3/s ρ ρ
(c) 3020 cm3/s (d) 1810 cm3/s
P P
15. A cylindrical vessel containing a liquid is rotated about (c) +ν (d) + ν2
ρ 2ρ
its axis so that the liquid rises at its sides as shown in 19. A soap bubble, blown by a mechanical pump at the mouth
the figure. The radius of vessel is 5 cm and the angular of a tube, increases in volume, with time, at a constant rate.
speed of rotation is ω rad s–1. The difference in the height, The graph that correctly depicts the time dependence of
h (in cm) of liquid at the centre of vessel and at the side will pressure inside the bubble is given by: (2019)
be (2020)

P P
(a) (b)

1 log (t)
t
h
P P
(c) (d)
1
t
10 cm t3
2ω2 5ω2 20. If ‘M’ is the mass of water that rises in a capillary tube of
(a) (b) radius ‘r’. then mass of water which will rise in a capillary
25g 2g tube of radius ‘2r’ is: (2019)
2ω2 25ω2 (a) 4M (b) M
(c) (d)
5g 2g M
(c) 2M (d)
16. Two identical cylindrical vessels are kept on the ground and 2
each contain the same liquid of density d. The area of the 21. A solid sphere, of radius R acquires a terminal velocity v1
base of both vessels is S but the height of liquid in one vessel when falling (due to gravity) through a viscous fluid having
is x1 and in the other, x2. When both cylinders are connected a coefficient of viscosity η. The sphere is broken into 27

192 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 identical solid spheres. If each of these spheres acquires a velocity just before entering the water surface, then the value
terminal velocity, ν2 , when falling through the same fluid, of h is proportional to
the ration (ν1/ν2) equals. (2019) (ignore viscosity of air) (2020)
(a) 1/27 (b) 1/9 (a) r4 (b) r3 (c) r (d) r2
(c) 27 (d) 9 29. The water is filled up to height of 12 m in a tank having
22. The ratio of surface tensions of mercury and water is given to vertical sidewalls. A hole is made in one of the walls at a
be 7.5 while the ratio of thier densities is 13.6. Their contact depth ‘h’ below the water level. The value of ‘h’ for which
angles, with glass, are close to 135° and 0°, respectively. It the emerging steam of water strikes the ground at the
is observed that mercury gets depressed by an amount h in maximum range is _______ m. (2021)
a capillary tube of radius r,. while water rises by the same 30. Given below arc two statements : One is labelled as Assertion
amount h in a capillary tube of radius r2. The ratio, (r1/r2). (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
is then close to: Assertion (A) : Clothes containing oil or grease stains cannot
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/5 be cleaned by water wash.
(c) 2/5 (d) 4/5 Reason (R): Because the angle of contact between the
23. A small spherical droplet of density d is floating exactly half oil/ grease and water is obtuse. In the light of the above
immerse in a liquid ρ and surface tension T. The radius of statements, choose the correct answer from the option given
the droplet is (take note that the surface tension applies an below.(2022)
upward force on the droplet); (2020) (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A)
T 3T
(a) r = (b) r = (b) Both (A) and (R) arc true but (R) is not the correct
(d + ρ) g (2d − ρ) g
explanation of (A)
T 2T (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(c) r = (d) r =
(d − ρ) g 3(d − ρ) g (d) (A) is true but (R) is true
24. A capillary tube made of glass of radius 0.15 mm is dipped 31. A drop of liquid of density r is floating half immersed in a
vertically in a beaker filled with methylene iodide (surface liquid of density s and surface tension 7.5 × 10–1 Ncm–1.
tension = 0.05 Nm,density = 667 kg m–3) which rises to The radius of drop in cm will be : (Take : g = 10 m/s2)
height h in the tube. It is observed that the two tangents 15 15
drawn from liquid-glass interfaces (from opp. sides of the (a) (b)
2ρ − σ ρ−σ
capillary) make an angle of 60° with one another. Then h is
3 3
close to (g = 10 ms–2) (2020) (c) (d)
(a) 0.049 m (b) 0.087 m 2 ρ−σ 20 2ρ − σ
(c) 0.137 m (d) 0.172 m 32. A water drop of radius l mm falls in a situation where the
effect of buoyant force is negligible. Coefficient of viscosity
25. When a long glass capillary tube of radius 0.015 cm is dipped
of air is 1.8 × l0–5Nsm–2 and its density is negligible as
in a liquid, the liquid rises to a height of 15 cm within it. If
compared to that of water 106gm–3 . Terminal velocity of
the contact angle between the liquid and glass to close to 0°,
the water drop is:(2022)
the surface tension of the liquid, in milli Newton m–1, is
 (2020) (Take acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms–2)
[ρliquid = 900 kgm–3, g = 10 ms–2] (a) 145.4 × 10–6 ms–1 (b) 118.0 ×10–6 ms–1
(Give answer in closest integer) _______. (c) 132.6 ×10–6ms–1 (d) 123.4 × l0–6 ms–1

26. Pressure inside two soap bubbles are 1.01 atm and 1.02 atm, 33. A water drop of radius 1cm is broken into 729 equal droplets.
respectively. The ratio of their volumes is(2020) If surface tension of water is 75 dyne/cm, then the gain in
surface energy upto first decimal place will be : [Given
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 0.8 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 8 : 1
p = 3.14] (2022)
27. A air bubble of radius 1 cm in water has an upward –4
(a) 8.5 × 10 J (b) 8.2 × 10 J–4
acceleration 9.8 cm s–2 . The density of water is 1 gm
(c) 7.5 × 10–4 J (d) 5.3 × 10–4J
cm–3 and water offers negligible drag force on the bubble.
The mass of the bubble is (g = 980 cm/s2) (2020) 34. Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross-sectional area 16 cm2
(a) 1.52 gm (b) 4.51 gm contain water upto heights 100 cm and 150 cm respectively.
The vessels are interconnected so that the water levels in
(c) 3.15 gm (d) 4.15 gm
them become equal. The work done by the force of gravity
28. In an experiment to verify Stokes law, a small spherical during the process, is [Take density of water = 103 kg/m3
ball of radius r and density ρ falls under gravity through and g = 10 m/s2](2022)
a distance h in air before entering a tank of water. If the (a) 0.25 J (b) 1 J
terminal velocity of the ball inside water is same as its
(c) 8 J (d) 12 J

P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 193

W
 35. The velocity of a small ball of mass 'm' and density d1 of the spring is connected to another solid sphere of radius
when dropped in a container filled with glycerine, becomes R and density 3ρ. The complete arrangement is placed in a
constant after some time. If the density of glycerine is d2, liquid of density 2ρ and is allowed to reach equilibrium. The
then the viscous force acting on the ball, will be :(2022) correct statement(s) is (are) (2013)
 d   d  4πR 3ρg
(a) mg 1 − 1  (b) mg 1 − 2  (a) The net elongation of the spring is
 d2   d1  3k
8πR3ρg
d   d2  (b) The net elongation of the spring is
(c) mg  1 − 1 (d) mg  − 1 3k
d
 2   d1  (c) The light sphere is partially submerged.
36. The area of cross-section of a large tank is 0.5 m2 It has a (d) The light sphere is completely submerged.
narrow opening near the bottom having area of cross-section Comprehension–1 (No. 42 to 43)
1 cm2 A load of 25 kg is applied on the water at the top in the A spray gun is shown in the figure where a piston pushes air out
tank. Neglecting the speed of water in the tank, the velocity of a nozzle. A thin tube of uniform cross section is connected to
of the water, coming out of the opening at the time when the the nozzle. The other end of the tube is in a small liquid container.
height of water level in the tank is 40 cm above the bottom, As the piston pushes air through the nozzle, the liquid from the
will be ___________ cms–1.(2022) container rises into the nozzle and is sprayed out. For the spray
[Take g = 10 ms–2] gun shown, the radii of the piston and the nozzle are 20 mm and
37. A small spherical ball of radius 0.1 mm and density 104 1mm respectively. The upper end of the container is open to the
kg m–3 falls freely under gravity through a a distance h atmosphere.
before entering a tank of water. If after entering the water
the velocity of ball does not change and it continue to fall
with same constant velocity inside water, then the value of
h will be ______m. (Given g = 10 ms–2, viscosity of water =
42. If the piston is pushed at a speed of 5mms–1, the air comes
1.0 × 10–5 N-sm–2).(2022)
out of the nozzle with a speed of: (2014)
38. The velocity of upper layer of water in a river is 36 kmh–1. (a) 0.1ms–1 (b) 1ms–1
Shearing stress between horizontal layers of water is
(c) 2ms–1 (d) 8ms–1
10–3 Nm–2. Depth of the river is ______ m. (Co-efficiency
of viscosity of water is 10–2 Pa.s)(2022) 43. If the density of air is ρa and that of the liquid ρ , then for a
given piston speed the rate (volume per unit time) at which
39. A liquid of density 750 kgm–3 flows smoothly through
the liquid is sprayed will be proportional to (2014)
a horizontal pipe that tapers in cross-sectional area from
A1 ρa
A1 = 1.2 × l0–2 m2 to A2 = . Pressure difference between (a) (b) ρ a ρ
2 ρ
the wide and narrow sections of the pipe is 4500 Pa. The
ρ
rate of flow of liquid is × 10–3m3s–l.(2022) (c) (d) ρ
ρa
40. An ideal fluid of density 800 kg/m3, flows smoothly through
a bent pipe (as shown in figure) that tapers in cross-sectional 44. A person in a lift is holding a water jar, which has a small
hole at the lower end of its side. When the lift is at rest, the
a
area from a to . The pressure difference between the wide water jet coming out of the hole hits the floor of the lift at a
2 distance d of 1.2 m from the person. In the following, state
and narrow sections of pipe is 4100 Pa. At wider section, the
of the lift’s motion is given in List-I and the distance where
x −1 the water jet hits the floor of the lift is given in List-II. Match
velocity of fluid is ms for x = ................
6 the statements from List-I with those in List-II and select the
(Given g = 10 m–2) (2022) correct answer using the code given below the lists.
(2014)
a 
v1 List-I
P. Lift is accelerating vertically up.
h=1m Q. Lift is accelerating vertically down with an accelerating
less than the gravitational acceleration.
v2 R. List is moving vertically up with constant Speed
a/2 S. Lift is falling freely.
List-II
JEE ADVANCED 1. d = 1.2 m
41. A solid sphere of radius R and density ρ is attached to one 2. d > 1.2m
end of a mass-less spring of force constant k. The other end

194 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 3. d < 1.2 m ln this process the total change in the surface energy
4. No water leaks out of the jar ∆U = 10–3J. If K = 10α then the value of α is: (2017)
Code : 49. A uniform capillary tube of inner radius r is dipped vertically
(a) P-2, Q-3, R-2, S-4 (b) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4 into a beaker filled with water. The water rises to a height h in
the capillary tube above the water surface in the beaker. The
(c) P-1, Q-1, R-1, S-4 (d) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-1
surface tension of water is σ. The angle of contact between
45. A glass capillary tube is of the shape of a truncated water and the wall of the capillary tube is θ. Ignore the mass
cone with an apex angle α so that its two ends have of water in the meniscus. Which of the following statements
cross sections of different radii. When dipped in water is(are) true? (2018)
vertically, water rises in it to a height h, where the radius (a) For a given material of the capillary tube, h decreases
of its cross section is b. If the surface tension of water is S, with increase in r.
its density is ρ, and its contact angle with glass is θ, the value (b) For a given material of the capillary tube, h is
of h will be (g is the acceleration due to gravity) (2014) independent of σ.
(c) If this experiment is performed in a lift going up with
a constant acceleration, then h decreases.
(d) h is proportional to contact angel θ.
h 50. Consider a thin square plate floating on a viscous liquid in
a large tank. The height h of the liquid in the tank is much
less than the width of the tank. The floating plate is pulled
horizontally with a constant velocity u0. Which of the
following statements is (are) true?
 (2018)
2S 2S (a) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is inversely
(a) cos(θ − α) (b) cos(θ + α)
bρg bρg proportional to h
2S 2S (b) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is independent
(c) cos(θ − α / 2) (d) cos(θ + α / 2) of the area of the plate
bρg bρg
(c) The tangential (shear) stress on the floor of the tank
46. Two spheres P and Q of equal radii have densities ρ1 and ρ2, increases with u0
respectively. The spheres are connected by a massless string (d) The tangential (shear) stress on the plate varies linearly
and placed in liquids L1 and L2 of densities σ1 and σ2 and with the viscosity η of the liquid.
viscosities η1 and η2, respectively. They float in equilibrium
with the sphere P in L1 and sphere Q in L2 and the string 51. A cylindrical capillary tube of 0.2 mm radius is made by
joining two capillaries T1 and T2 of different materials
being taut (see figure). If sphere P alone in L2 has terminal
  having water contact angles of 0° and 60°, respectively. The
velocity VP and Q alone in L1 has terminal velocity VQ , capillary tube is dipped vertically in water in two different
then (2015) configurations, case I and II as shown in figure. Which of
the following option(s) is(are) correct?
(Surface tension of water = 0.075 N/m, density of water
L1 1 = 1000 kg/m3, take g = 10m/s2) (2019)
P
T2 T2
L2 Q 2 Case I Case II
T1 T1
 
| VP | η1 | VP | η2
(a)  = (b)  =
| VQ | η2 | VQ | η1
   
(c) VP ⋅ VQ > 0 (d) VP ⋅ VQ < 0
(a) The correction in the height of water column raised in the
47. Consider two solid spheres P and Q each of density 8 gm tube, due to weight of water contained in the meniscus,
cm–3 and diameters 1 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively. Sphere will be different for both cases.
P is dropped into a liquid of density of 0.8 gm cm–3 and (b) For case I, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water
viscosity η = 3 poiseuilles. Sphere Q is dropped into a liquid surface, the height of water column raised in the tube
of density 1.6 gm cm–3 and viscosity η = 2 poiseulles. The will be more than 8.75 cm. (Neglect the weight of the
ratio of the terminal velocities of P and Q is(2016) water in the meniscus)
48. A drop of liquid of radius R = 10 –2 m having surface (c) For case I, if the joint is kept at 8 cm above the water
0.1 surface, the height of water column in the tube will be
tension S = Nm −1 divides itself into K identical drops. 7.5 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus)
4π
P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 195
W
 (d) For case II, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water shown in the figure on the right. Take this surface to be
surface, the height of water column raised in the tube approximately spherical with a radius of curvature R. Which
will be 3.75 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the of the following is/are correct?
meniscus) (g is the acceleration due to gravity) (2020)
52. An open-ended U-tube of uniform cross-sectional area 
contains water (density 103 kg m–3).Initially the water
level stands at 0.29 m from the bottom in each arm. h
Kerosene oil (a water-immiscible liquid) of density
800 kg m–3 is added to the left arm until its length is 0.1 m, H
h 
as shown in the schematic figure below. The ratio  1  of
the heights of the liquid in the two arms is:  h2 
h2 + r 2
(a) R =
2h
0.1m 3r 2
(b) R =
2h
h1 (c) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to
h2 −1
3H ω2 H 
1 + 
2  2 g 

(d) Apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is close to
 (2020) −1
15 35 3H  ω2 H 
(a) (b) 1 + 
14 33 4  4g 
7 5 56. When water is filled carefully in a glass, one can fill it to
(c) (d)
6 4 a height h above the rim of the glass due to the surface
53. A train with cross-sectional area St is moving with speed tension of water. To calculate h just before water starts
νt inside a long tunnel of cross-sectional area S0(S0 = 4St). flowing, model the shape of the water above the rim as a
Assume that almost all the air (density ρ) in front of the train disc of thickness h having semicircular edges, as shown
flows back between its sides and the walls of the tunnel. schematically in the figure. When the pressure of water at
Also, the air flow with respect to the train is steady and the bottom of this disc exceeds what can be withstood due
laminar. Take the ambient pressure and that inside the train to the surface tension, the water surface breaks near the rim
to be p0. If the pressure in the region between the sides of the and water starts flowing from there. If the density of water,
7 its surface tension and the acceleration due to gravity are
train and the tunnel walls is p, then p0 − p = ρvt2 . The 103 kg m–3, 0.07 Nm–1 and 10 ms–2, respectively, the value
2N
value of N is ____ (2020) of h (in mm) is ________(2020)
54. A hot air balloon is carrying some passengers, and a
few sandbags of mass 1 kg each so that its total mass is h
480 kg. Its effective volume giving the balloon its
buoyancy is V. The balloon is floating at an equilibrium
height of 100 m. When N number of sandbags are thrown
out, the balloon rises to a new equilibrium height close
to 150 m with its volume V remaining unchanged. If
the variation of the density of air with height h from
h

the ground is ρ ( h ) = h0
ρ0 e , where ρ0=1.25 kg m–3 and
h0= 6000 m, the value of N is _________.(2020)
57. As shown schematically in the figure, two vessels
4 contain water solutions (at temperature T) of potassium
55. A beaker of radius r is filled with water (refractive index )
3 permanganate (KMnO4) of different concentrations n1 and
up to a height H as shown in the figure on the left. The n2 (n1 > n2) molecules per unit volume with ∆n = (n1 – n2)
beaker is kept on a horizontal table rotating with angular << n1. When they are connected by a tube of small length
speed ω. This makes the water surface curved so that the  and cross-sectional area S, KMnO4 starts to diffuse from
difference in the height of water level at the center and at the left to the right vessel through the tube. Consider the
the circumference of the beaker is h(h << H, h << r), as collection of molecules to behave as dilute ideal gases and

196 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW

 the difference in their partial pressure in the two vessels
(a) b = 0 when a = g / 2
causing the diffusion. The speed v of the molecules is limited
by the viscous force–βv on each molecule, where β is a (b) b > 0 when a = g / 2
constant. Neglecting all terms of the order (∆n)2, which of
the following is/are correct? (kB is the Boltzmann constant): 2 −1
(c) β = when a = g/2
 (2020) 2
1
(d) β = when
2
59. A bubble has surface tension S. The ideal gas inside the
5
bubble has ratio of specific heats γ = . The bubble is
n1 s n2 3
exposed to the atmosphere and it always retains its spherical
l shape. When the atmospheric pressure is Pa . the radius of the
1
bubble is found to be r1 and the temperature of the enclosed
(a) The force causing the molecules to move across the tube gas is T1. When the atmospheric pressure is Pa radius of the
is ∆nkBTS 2
bubble and the temperature of the enclosed gas are r2 and T2
(b) Force balance implies n1βv = ∆nk BT respectively. (2022)
(c) Total number of molecules going across the tube per
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
 ∆n   k BT 
sec is   S (a) If the surface of the bubble is a perfect heat insulator,
   β 
(d) Rate of molecules getting transferred through the tube 2S
5 Pa 2 +
does not change with time  r1  r2
then   =
r
 2 2 S
58. A cylindrical tube, with its base as shown in the figure, Pa1 +
is filled with water. It is moving down with a constant r1
acceleration a along a fixed inclined plane with angle (b) If the surface of the bubble is a perfect heat insulator,
q = 45°. P 1 and P 2 are pressures at points 1 and 2, then the total internal energy of the bubble including
respectively, located at the base of the tube. Let b = (P1 – P2)/ its surface energy does not change with the external
(rgd), where r is density of water, d is the inner diameter of
atmospheric pressure.
the tube and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Which of
the following statement(s) is (are) correct? (2021) (c) If the surface of the bubble is a perfect heat conductor
d and the change in atmospheric temperature is negligible,
4S
3 Pa 2 +
 r1  r2
then   =
 r2  4S
Pa1 +
g r1
(d) If the surface of the bubble is a perfect heat insulator,
4S
2
5
Pa 2 +
 T2  2 r2
then   =
a T
 1 4 S
1 Pa1 +
 = 45º r1

P Mechanical Properties of Fluids 197

W
 ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (d)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (a)
41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (b)

EXERCISE-1 (TOPICWISE)
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (c) 46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (b)
51. (a) 52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (c) 57. (a) 58. (c) 59. (d) 60. (c)
61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (a) 64. (a) 65. (b)

EXERCISE-2 (LEARNING PLUS)

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10 (b)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (d) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (a)
41. (a)

EXERCISE-3 (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (a,c) 2. (a,d) 3. (b,c) 4. (a,c) 5. (a,c,d) 6. (c,d) 7. (b,c) 8. (a,b,c) 9. (a,b,d) 10. (a,d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (d)
21. [50 cm] 22. 9
[6 × 10 ] 23. [800] 24. [5] 25. [400] 26. [73] 27. [8] 28. [8] 29. [10, 7]
30. [4] 31. [2]

EXERCISE-4 (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

JEE Main
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. [101] 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. [6] 30. (a)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. [300] 37. [20] 38. [100] 39. [24] 40. [363]

JEE Advanced
41. (a,d) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (a,d) 47. [3] 48. [6] 49. (a,c) 50. (a,c,d)
51. (a,c,d) 52. (b) 53. [9] 54. [4] 55. (a,d) 56. [3.74] 57. (a,b,c) 58. (a,c) 59. (c,d)

198 JEE (XI) Module-3 PW