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General 2D Drawing Rules and Guidelines

Dimensioning a Prism

1. Place the first row of dimensions at least three times the letter height from the object. Successive rows should be at least
two times the letter height apart.
2. Place dimensions between the views sharing these dimensions.
3. Place dimensions on the most descriptive views of an object.
4. Dimension visible features only, not hidden features.
5. Leave the last dimension blank in a chain of dimensions and give an overall dimension in its stead.
6. If you give all dimensions in chain, mark the reference dimension (the one that would be omitted) with REF or place it in
parentheses. Giving a reference dimension is a way of eliminating mathematical calculations in the shop.
7. Place dimensions in well-organized lines for uncluttered drawings.
8. Do not duplicate dimensions on a drawing in order to avoid errors or confusion.
9. Dimension lines should not cross any other line unless absolutely necessary.
10. Extension lines may cross other extension lines or object lines if necessary.
11. Leave a small gap from the edge of an object to extension lines that extend from them. Do not leave gaps where
extension lines cross objects or other extension lines.
12. Whenever possible, place dimensions outside objects rather than inside their outlines.
13. Dimensions should always be placed on visible lines, never from hidden lines.

Dimensioning Angles, Cylinders, Holes, Arcs, Fillets and Radii

1. Place angular dimensions outside the object by using extension lines.

2. Dimension a bent surface or rounded corner by locating its Virtual Sharp point with extension lines.
3. Dimension the diameter (not the radius) of a cylinder in the rectangular view.
4. Dimension concentric cylinders with a series of diameters.
5. Dimensions on concentric cylinders are easier to read if they are staggered within their dimension lines.
6. Dimension holes in their circular view with a leader whenever possible.
7. Dimension holes in their rectangular view only when necessary.
8. Draw leaders pointing towards the center of holes.
9. Dimension Arcs that are less than 180° with radii.
10. Place radii dimension between the center mark and the arc if possible.
11. Show long radius with a zigzag to indicate that it is not true length and save drawing space.
12. Avoid placing individual radius dimension on a part with a large numbers of them. Write a note instead.
13. Write TYP (typical) or (nX) next to a dimension to indicate repetitive application.

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DIMENTIONING THREADS
n.500
M5X1 M5X1 wn.875x82°

R40
136
R36
Virtual
n.750 n.280 sharp
1"-8 UNC-2B 1"-8 UNC-2B vn1.000x.625 vn.630
SF

66
50

(3X) R16

GOOD OK, NOT BEST

(6X)M6X1.0 THRU
18 18 EQUALLY SPACED (116)
116 66

38
50 (50)
(2X) 34
R R25
PREFERRED
ACCEPTABLE
(n80) n80
ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE
SYM ABOUT CL

R25 6.00 6.00 5.00 3.50

1.00
R25 CL
R174

6.50
11.50
50 50 17.00
175 23.00
Use radii to dimension parts composed Use coordinates to dimension points along
of arcs of partial circles. curves of a symmetrical part.

Dimensioning Chamfers, Keyseats, Keyways, Knurls, Necks, Undercuts and Tapers

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ID OD THK NECK - 4 WIDE X 2 DEEP

1.25X2.25X.13
PLAIN WASHER NECK - R2 X 2 DEEP

4X45° or 4X4
UNDERCUT - 8 WIDE X 4 DEEP
.768
Ø .750

DEPTH
KEYSEATS .214

WIDTH Ø 1.00
.768
Ø 1.10 Ø .750

1.200
6 SPLINES .30
KEYWAY - 8 WIDE X 4 DEEP PERM FIT
Prefered diametral pitches for knurling are 64, 96,
128 and 160 DP.
Where: 49 = 60-(55x0.2)
96 DP DIAMOND P0.8 STRAIGHT
100 KNURL KNURL
0.2:1 0.2:1
4
10
27°

1
∅60 ∅49 50 0.2

55 DP=Diametral Pitch, A 64 DP on a 1" DIA will have

64 teeth on the circumference. P=pitch=0.8 mm
CONICAL TAPER FLAT TAPER (distance between grooves)

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerances Rules

1. Each dimension must have a tolerance, except those dimensions specifically identified as reference, maximum,
minimum, or stock.
2. dimensions and tolerances must be complete so that there is full understanding of the characteristics of each feature.
Neither scaling nor assumption of a distance or a size is permitted.
3. Each necessary dimension of an end product must be shown. No more dimensions than those necessary for complete
definition are to be shown. The use of reference dimensions on a drawing should be minimize.
4. Dimensions must be selected and arranged to suit the function and mating relationship of a part and shall not be subject
to more than one interpretation.
5. The drawing should define a part without specifying manufacturing methods.
6. Dimensions should be arrange to provide required information for optimum readability. Dimensions should be shown in
true profile views and refer to visible outlines.
7. A 90° angle applies where center lines and line depicting features are shown on a two-dimensional (2D) orthographic
drawing at right angles and no angle is specified.
8. A 90° basic angle applies where centerlines of features in a pattern or surfaces shown at right angles on a 2D
orthographic drawing are located or defined by basic dimensions and no angle is specified.
9. A zero basic dimension applies where axes, center planes, or surfaces are shown coincident on a drawing and
geometric tolerances establish the relationship among the features.
10. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions and tolerances are applicable at 68° F (20 C). Compensation may be made
for measurements made at other temperatures.
11. Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions and tolerances apply in a free-state condition except for non-rigid parts.
12. Unless otherwise specified, all tolerances apply for the full depth, full length and full width of the feature.

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13. Dimensions and tolerances apply only at the drawing level where they are specified. For example, a dimension specified
for a particular feature on a detailed drawing is not required for that feature on an assembly drawing.
14. Where a coordinate system is shown on a drawing, it must be right-handed unless otherwise specified. Each axis must
be labelled, and the positive direction must be shown.

Notes about the given Dimensions

NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

ALL TOLERANCES AND DIMENSIONS APPLY AFTER ANODIZING.

DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASME Y14.5M-1994.
INTERPRET DRAWING IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASME Y14.100.
DIMENSIONS ARE IN (INCHES/MILLIMETERS).
ALL DIMENSIONS APPLY AFTER (PLATING/ANODIZE/SURFACE TREATMENT).
DIMENSIONAL LIMITS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS DESIGNATIONS APPLY BEFORE/AFTER PLATING.
DIMENSIONS TO APPLY AFTER STRESS RELIEF.
SCREW THREADS TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASME (B1.1./B1.13M). METRIC THREAD CALLOUTS WITHOUT
A PITCH SPECIFIED ARE COURSE PITCH.
TOOLING-CONTROLLED DIMENSION PER TEMPLATE (OR TOOL) NUMBER _____. THE ACTUAL TOLERANCES
ON THE FEATURE′S LOCATIONS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE TEMPLATE.
GEAR TOLERANCES TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AGMA STANDARD QUALITY (INSERT NUMBER).
INSTALL PRESS FIT STANDOFFS, STUDS, AND NUTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER′S
SPECIFICATIONS.
INSTALL HELICAL COIL INSERTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER′S SPECIFICATIONS.
SYMBOL ¨ DENOTES CRITICAL DIMENSION / FEATURE IN ACCORDANCE WITH 1QA73002.

Heat Treating Notes

(BeCu) HEAT TREAT IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE-AMS-H-7199 TO __ Rockwell1.

(FeC) HEAT TREAT IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-H-6875H TO __ (Rockwell/Brinell/Vickers).
(Al) HEAT TREAT IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE-AMS-H-6088 TO __(Brinell)__.
(Al) HEAT TREAT TO __ CONDITION AFTER (BRAZING/WELDING) IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAE-AMS-H-6088.
(Al) AFTER WELDING, SOLUTION HEAT TREAT AND ARTIFICIALLY AGE TO T-6 CONDITION PER SAE-AMS-H-
6088.

Joining Method Notes (welding, brazing, etc.)

NOTE ORIENTATION OF ALL COMPONENTS PRIOR TO WELDING.

WELD ALL SEAMS CONTINUOUS AND GRIND FLUSH WHERE FEASIBLE.
ALL FILLET WELDS ON FRAME MEMBERS, CASTER MOUNTS, AND PLATES TO BE 1/4" MINIMUM.
ALL FILLET WELDS ON BOSSES, HOOKS, POTS, AND SPACERS TO BE 1/8" MINIMUM.
POLISH ALL WELDS SO THAT THEY ARE FREE OF PITS AND CREVICES.
ALL WELDS MUST BE WATER TIGHT.
ALL WELDED PLUGS MUST BE WATER TIGHT.
GRIND WELDS FLUSH THIS SIDE ONLY (USE AS ANNOTATION WITH LEADER)
FUSION WELD IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-STD-2219, PROCESS __ CLASS __ USING FILLER METAL __ AND
APPROPRIATE FLUX.
ELECTRON BEAM WELDING IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-W-46132.
SOLDER IN ACCORDANCE WITH NHB 5300.4(3A-1),USING SOLDER MATERIAL, QQ-S-571, TYPE __.
SOLDER IN ACCORDANCE WITH DOD-STD-1866(GENERAL SOLDERING PROCESS FOR ALL TYPES AND
MATERIALS FOR NONELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS).
(AL) DIP BRAZE IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-STD-645; HEAT TREAT TO CONDITION PER MIL-H-6088.

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(AL) SILVER SOLDER IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-B-7883, TYPE __ GRADE __ USING SOLDER MATERIAL QQ-B-
654, CLASS __
(AL) RIVET IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-STD-403.

Plating and Coating Notes

FINISH: HARD COAT ANODIZE 0.001 PENETRATION, 0.001 BUILD-UP

FINISH: BLACK S & FEP, BUILD-UP: 0.001 PLUS/MINUS 0.0005
FINISH: TO BE PERFORMED BY PRECISION COATING, INC. BOSTON MA
FINISH: #4 BRUSHED ON INDICATED SURFACES.
PLUG ALL THREADED HOLES PRIOR TO FINISHING.
(AL) ANODIZE PART PER MIL-A-8625 TYPE IA (CHROMIC ACID METHOD) CLASS 1, COLOR: __
(AL) ANODIZE PART PER MIL-A 8625 TYPE II, (SULFURIC ACID METHOD) CLASS 2, COLOR: __.
(AL) ANODIZE PART PER MIL-A-8625 TYPE II, CLASS 2, COLOR: __.
(AL) HARD ANODIZE PART PER MIL-A 8625 TYPE III, .0020 ∓ .0005 IN. COLOR: __.
(AL) IRIDITE IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-C-5541, CLASS __.
(FEC) PASSIVATE PER QQ-P-35, TYPE __.
(FEC) FINISH __ OF MIL-STD-171.
(FEC) APPLY PROTECTIVE PHOSPHATE COATING IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-C-12968, TYPE __, CLASS __.
(TI) SURFACE FINISH TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AMS 2488, TYPE __.
ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATE, .0003-.0005 THICK IN ACCORDANCE WITH SPEC MIL-C-26074 OR EQUIVALENT.
CADMIUM PLATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH QQ-P-416,TYPE __ CLASS __.
HARD CHROME PLATE (SIZE)-(SIZE) THICK PER QQ-C-320, TYPE __, CLASS __; DIMENSIONS SHOWN APPLY
AFTER PLATING.
NICKEL PLATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-STD-171, FINISH __, TYPE __.
FINISH: CHROMATE CONVERSION COATING PER MIL-STD-5541 TYPE 1A (GOLD).
FINISH: CLEAN & PASSIVATE TO SAE AMS 2700.

Surface Preparation Notes

FRAME MUST BE FREE OF DIRT, DUST, WELD SPATTER, AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS.
THOROUGHLY CLEAN WITH AN OIL BASED STAINLESS STEEL CLEANER & POLISH.
REMOVE ALL BURRS AND SHARP EDGES __ MAX RADIUS OR CHAMFER.
EXTERNAL SURFACE TO BE BUFFED TO __.
BEFORE ELECTROPOLISHING, MASK ALL SURFACES MARKED __.
SURFACE TO BE CLEANED AND POLISHED FOR VACUUM USE. DO NOT USE ROUGE COMPOUNDS OR
CHEMICALS DURING BUFFING OR POLISHING ON ITEMS REQUIRING TANK-TYPE LEAK TESTS.
VAPOR DEGREASING PER ASTM D4126, GENERAL SOLVENT GRADE 1,1,1 TRICHLOROETHANE.

Testing and Inspection Notes

THIS PART SHALL HAVE A LEAK RATE OF NOT MORE THAN (1 x 10-7 CC/SEC OF HELIUM) WHEN MEASURED BY
A CALIBRATED MASS SPECTROMETER HAVING A SENSITIVITY OF (1 x 10-9 CC/SEC WITH GREATER THAN 90%
HELIUM) AT A DIFFERENTIAL OF 1 ATM OR EQUIVALENT TEST.
RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION OF ALL WELDS IN ACCORDANCE WITH MIL-STD-00453.
ULTRASONIC INSPECTION PER MIL-STD-2154, TYPE (I/II), CLASS (I/II).
FRACTURE CRITICAL PART - ETCH AND PENETRANT INSPECT PER GSFC S-313-009, CODE XXXXX (machined).
FRACTURE CRITICAL PART - DO NOT ETCH PART. PENETRANT INSPECT PER GSFC S-313-009, CODE XXXXX
(rolled).

Threaded Inserts-Cleaning and Installation Notes

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TORQUE LIMITS FOR THREADED FASTENERS SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PROJECT APPROVED
SPECIFICATION NUMBER (OR ENGINEERING ANALYSIS).
TAP ALL HOLES PRIOR TO COATING; INSTALL THREADED INSERT AFTER COATING.
AFTER THE BONDING EPOXY IS CURED PER NOTE __, ALL ITEM No.__ THREADED INSERTS SHALL BE
CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING A CORRESPONDING TORQUE LOAD, AS LISTED IN TORQUE TABLE, WITHOUT
BECOMING LOOSE. ALL THREADS ON THREADED FASTENERS SHALL BE FREE OF ADHESIVE AND FOREIGN
MATERIAL.
INSTALL CLINCH NUTS PER MIL-N-45938/1.

Miscellaneous Notes

IDENTIFY PART WITH PART NUMBER, REV LETTER AND SERIAL NUMBER BY (ELECTRO-CHEM ETCH/METAL
STAMPING/ENGRAVING/LASER ENGRAVING) WITH __IN. HIGH CHARACTERS WHERE SHOWN.
IDENTIFY PART WITH PART NUMBER BY BAGGING AND TAGGING.
FINISHED ARTICLE TO BE FREE OF OILS, LUBRICANTS AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS PRIOR TO BEING
PLACED IN SEALED BAG.
BAG PART PER MIL-P-116, METHOD __, AND TAG WITH PART NUMBER __.
FINISHED ARTICLE TO MEET CLEANLINESS REQUIREMENTS OF IEST-STD-CC1246D LEVEL __. IF NOT TO BE
USED IMMEDIATELY THEN TO BE ENCLOSED IN PACKAGING TO IEST-STD-CC1246D LEVEL __ LABELED:
“CLEANED, DO NOT OPEN OUTSIDE OF CLEAN ROOM”. COMPLIANCE WITH THIS REQUIREMENT BASED ON
USE OF A QUALIFIED MANUFACTURING PROCESS IS ACCEPTABLE.
ITEM SHALL BE ASSEMBLED IN A CLASS __ CLEAN AREA MAINTAINED AS PER ISO 14644-1. (CLEAN AREA TO
FED-STD-209, CLASS ___ IS ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE).
ONLY THE ITEMS DESCRIBED ON THIS DRAWING ARE APPROVED FOR USE IN THE APPLICATIONS SPECIFIED
HEREON. A SUBSTITUTE ITEM SHALL NOT BE USED WITHOUT PRIOR APPROVAL BY THE QUALIFYING
ACTIVITY.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE APPROVED SOURCE(S) OF SUPPLY HEREON IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS A
GUARANTEE OF PRESENT OR CONTINUED AVAILABILITY AS A SOURCE OF SUPPLY FOR THE ITEM
DESCRIBED ON THE DRAWING.
MAINTAIN AS MATCHED SET AFTER MACHINING.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS TO BE ____ RMS PER ASME B46.1.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS AS ROLLED/EXTRUDED/DRAWN: MACHINED SURFACES __.

Clarification: Above notes are meant to be added to or deleted, as needed for the individual part or assembly
drawing. Textual changes are not to be made, except where noted.

1. The Brinell (BHN), Rockwell (HR) and Vickers hardness numbers are closely related to the tensile strength of metals.
The test is simple to perform and allow for quick verification of material compliance. See Machinery's Handbook 29th Ed.
pages 505-512.

Copyright © 2015 Estiven R. Sierra

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