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The OSI H

The document discusses the OSI model which defines 7 layers of a networking system, with each layer having a specific role and functionality. It provides an overview of each OSI layer and their functions, from the physical layer dealing with physical connections, to the application layer interacting with end-user applications.

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NICK ADRIANNE JARA
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15 views9 pages

The OSI H

The document discusses the OSI model which defines 7 layers of a networking system, with each layer having a specific role and functionality. It provides an overview of each OSI layer and their functions, from the physical layer dealing with physical connections, to the application layer interacting with end-user applications.

Uploaded by

NICK ADRIANNE JARA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes and defines

the functions of a telecommunication or networking system into seven distinct layers. Each layer has its
specific role and functionality, and they work together to enable communication between devices and
networks. Here's an overview of each OSI layer along with its functionality:

1. Physical Layer:

• Function: The physical layer deals with the physical connection between devices, such as
cables, switches, and network interface cards (NICs).

• Functionality: It is responsible for transmitting raw binary data over a physical medium,
handling issues related to voltage, signal timing, and data transmission rates.
•
2. Data Link Layer:

• Function: The data link layer establishes a reliable link between two directly connected
nodes on the same network.

• Functionality: It divides the data into frames, manages access to the physical medium
(using protocols like Ethernet), and handles error detection and correction at the link
level.
3. Network Layer:

• Function: The network layer is responsible for routing data packets from the source to
the destination across multiple networks.

• Functionality: It uses logical addressing (such as IP addresses) to determine the best


path for data transmission and handles packet forwarding, routing, and traffic control.
4. Transport Layer:

• Function: The transport layer ensures end-to-end communication between devices and
manages data flow control and error recovery.

• Functionality: It segments and reassembles data from upper-layer protocols, establishes


connections (e.g., TCP), and provides mechanisms for reliable and efficient data transfer.
5. Session Layer:

• Function: The session layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication


sessions between applications on different devices.

• Functionality: It handles session setup, synchronization, and teardown, allowing


applications to communicate and exchange data reliably.
6. Presentation Layer:

• Function: The presentation layer deals with data translation, encryption, and
compression to ensure that data is presented in a format that applications can
understand.

• Functionality: It handles data encryption, character encoding, and data compression to


make data exchange between different systems and applications seamless.
7. Application Layer:

• Function: The application layer is the topmost layer and interacts directly with end-user
applications.

• Functionality: It provides a platform-independent interface for application software to


access network services, including protocols like HTTP (for web browsing), SMTP (for
email), and FTP (for file transfer).
These seven layers collectively provide a structured approach to network communication, allowing
devices and applications to interoperate effectively. The OSI model helps network engineers and
developers understand the various aspects of networking and troubleshoot issues by isolating them to
specific layers. Note that while the OSI model is a useful conceptual framework, real-world networking
protocols like TCP/IP often don't neatly fit into these layers, and they may have additional or overlapping
functionality.

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