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    L1.3 - Cell Structures Note Package

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    中华雅思王
    The document discusses cell biology, including the cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and organelles, and comparisons between plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells. It covers topics such as bacteria cell shapes, bacterial cell structures, eukaryotic cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as well as plant cell structures including chloroplasts and cell walls.

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    L1.3 - Cell Structures Note Package

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    中华雅思王
    12 views4 pages
    The document discusses cell biology, including the cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and organelles, and comparisons between plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells. It covers topics such as bacteria cell shapes, bacterial cell structures, eukaryotic cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as well as plant cell structures including chloroplasts and cell walls.

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    L1.3 - Cell Structures Note Package (2)

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    The document discusses cell biology, including the cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and organelles, and comparisons between plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells. It covers topics such as bacteria cell shapes, bacterial cell structures, eukaryotic cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as well as plant cell structures including chloroplasts and cell walls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views4 pages

    L1.3 - Cell Structures Note Package

    Uploaded by

    中华雅思王
    The document discusses cell biology, including the cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and organelles, and comparisons between plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells. It covers topics such as bacteria cell shapes, bacterial cell structures, eukaryotic cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi bodies, as well as plant cell structures including chloroplasts and cell walls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Cell Biology

    L1.3 - Cell Biology Note Package


    Cell Theory
    • The microscope was developed in the 1600s and allowed us to see cells
    • The word “cell” was coined by Robert Hooke in 1665
    • Cell theory grew out of cell research and has three main points:
    1.
    2.
    3.
    • All cells have three common characteristics:
    1.
    2.
    3.
    • There are two types of cells:
    • Both of these types of cells contain organelles (small organs)
    Cell Size
    • Although some cells are very large, most body cells are very small and can only be observed
    through a microscope.
    • Cells are small for a reason and their size is

    • A cell must be large enough to carry out

    BUT
    • small enough to have sufficient surface area to supply its volume with

    Prokaryotic Cells
    • are both referred to as prokaryotes
    • Their defining feature is that they
    • They are
    • They are the , and very versatile

    pg. 1
    Cell Biology
    Prokaryotic Cells: Shapes
    ´ Bacteria are found in three main shapes:

    1. . 2. .. 3. .

    ´ E. coli ´ Gonorrhea ´ Chlamydia


    ´ Tetanus ´ Meningitis ´ Lyme disease
    ´ Anthrax ´ Streptococcus
    Prokaryotic Cells: Basic Bacteria Structure
    Function of:
    • - attachment
    • - contains strands of DNA
    • – protein synthesis
    • - locomotion
    • - outer layer, protection
    • - maintains shape, protection
    • - surrounds cytoplasm
    • - contains accessory DNA
    • -surrounds and suspends all other organelles

    Eukaryotic Cells
    • Characterized by have
    • Includes protists, plants, animals and fungi
    • Eukaryotic cells have more numerous and complex organelles than do prokaryotic cells
    • Many of the eukaryotic organelles are

    Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

    Size 2-8 um 20-80 um


    Nucleus None Yes

    DNA location In the cytoplasm In Nucleus

    Cell Wall Non-cellulose Plants only, cellulose


    Presence of Few, non- Many, complex, most
    Organelles membranous membrane bound
    Mobility Yes Only sperm, unicellular
    protists
    Examples Bacteria & Plants, Animals, Protists,
    Archaebacteria Fungi

    pg. 2
    Cell Biology
    • - contains DNA
    • - makes ribosomes
    • - makes proteins
    • - converts sugar to ATP (energy)
    •
    o Rough ER makes proteins
    o Smooth ER makes lipids

    o Packages and processes proteins and


    lipids by converting them into
    glycoproteins and glycolipids
    o Makes vesicles
    • - storage or
    transport of substances

    • - digest waste

    • - surrounds and
    suspends all other organelles

    pg. 3
    Cell Biology
    Eukaryotic Cells: Plant Cell Basic Structure

    • - water storage and structural support


    • - photosynthesis
    • - provides strength and protection
    • Mitochondria
    • Cell Membrane
    • Cytoplasm
    • Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
    • Nucleolus
    • Ribosomes

    Comparison of Cells
    Prokaryotes Plant Cells (are Eukaryotic) Animal Cells (are Eukaryotic)
    • Always contains a cell wall • DNA as genetic material • DNA as genetic material
    • Contain ribosomes • Contain • Contain
    • Single celled • Ribosomes • Ribosomes
    • DNA as genetic material • Mitochondria • Mitochondria
    • Don’t have membrane • Plasma membrane • Cilia/Flagella
    bound organelles • Vacuole • Lysosomes
    • Nucleus • Plasma membrane
    • Golgi • Vacuole
    • Chloroplasts • Centrioles
    • Large Vacuoles • Nucleus
    • Cell Wall • Golgi

    pg. 4

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