Introduction

What is Fitting:

Fitting means preparing matching parts to touch

or join each other in such a way that one will turn
inside of another and one will slide upon another
or the part hold tightly together.

BY : ROHITH,280
VIVEK
BY :T ROHITH ,252
KUMAR
MAHESH,265
22WJ1A0280
MAHESH,265
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 Processes in the Fitting Shop

 Filing
 Marking & Measuring
 Sawing
 Drilling
 Reaming
 Dieing
 Tapping

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 Fitting Shop Tools
Classification:

 Marking, measuring and testing tools

 Cutting tools
 Holding tools
 Striking tools

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 Marking, measuring
and Testing tools
This type involves steel rule, meter rod,
trisquare, scribber, divider, calliper, surface
guage, drill guage, combination set, V
Block, surface plate
Cutting Tools
This type involves files, drills, taps, dies,
reamers, hack saw, chizzles.

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 Holding Tools
This type involves tools holding devices.
Examples are bench vise, machine vise,
pipe vice, leg vice and hand vise.

Striking Tools
This type involves tools as ball peen
hammer, cross peen hammer and
flat\straight hammer

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 Processes
Filing
Cutting of a metal surface by using a specially designed tool, called a
file. A file (or hand-file) is a hand tool used to shape material by
abrasion.

Classification of files
 Shape (Flat, round, square etc )
 Grade (Rough, Bastard, Smooth etc)
 Cut (Single cut, Double cut, Rasp cut etc)
 Length ( Ranging from 4-18’’)

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Files have forward-facing cutting teeth, which means
that the file cuts effectively only when pushed over the
work piece. Pulling a file over a work piece or
scraping a file back and forth is ineffective and will
reduce the life of the file.

The grooves in a file may become clogged during

use, causing the file to lose its cutting ability.
Files should always be used with a handle,
otherwise the naked tang can injure the operator.
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 Marking
& Measuring

Marking is done on the job to locate the exact point

where we have to carry out some other processes
like sawing, drilling etc.
In fitting shop marking is carried out with some
specified tools such as scribber, punches, hammer
etc.

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The surface of the work piece is painted with lead oxide
(brown) and scribber is used to scribe marking lines on the
job. Marking line should not be more than .2mm wide

Then punching is done using punches and hammers.

Punching is done to locate the position for holes to be
drilled.

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Using specified tools measuring is done to check the
accurate dimensions of the W.P.

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 Sawing
A saw is a tool for cutting wood or other material. it
consist of a blade with the cutting edge toothed. The
teeth of the saw are each bent to specific angle and
this angle is called "set".

TYPES OF SAW
Hand saws: Hand saw is used manually for cutting
operations.
Mechanically powered saw: Mechanically powered
saws mechanically move the teeth past the material
while the saw itself is held stationary.

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 Sawing
Sawing is done to produce thin cuts.

Hack Saw is a chief tool used, which is available in different

types and sizes depending on the length of the blade and its
cuts.

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 Sawing

Normal dimensions of a blade = 250x12 mm2

Hacksaw teeth are specified by its pitch

( pitch=distance b/w two successive troughs or
crusts.)

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 Sawing
Pitch of the teeth should give maximum clearance for
the chips and avoid clogging.( Normal pitch =
1.5mm)

Sawing too sharply over a corner will result in teeth

being torn off.

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Drilling

Drilling
Machine

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 Drilling Process
 What is a Drill?
A tool or machine with a pointer for making
holes of different diameter.

(Hand Drill)

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 Instruments Use for Drilling
1. Drill Chuck

2. Drill Chuck Key

3. Drill Drift

4. Sleeve OR Socket

5. Shank Twist Drill

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 STEPS OF DRILLING
Step 1. Use a scribe to scratch a line on
piece where we wanted hole.

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Step2. Use a center punch and a hammer
to mark the spot because the punch
mark will hold the tip of the drill in place
until it begins to cut the metal.

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Step 3. Drilling deep or large holes, it is
best to drill a small reference hole first.

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Step 4. We will find a burr on the back surface of
drill hole. This can be removed by lightly drilling
the back side of the hole.

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REAMING

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 Reaming Process

 What Is Reaming?
Reaming is a process which slightly enlarges a pre-existing
hole. Several cutting edges are arranged around a central
shaft. Its purpose is to finish the internal diameter of the hole.

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Parts of Reamer

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REAMING

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 Types of Reamers
 Straight Reamer

 Right Spiral Reamer

 Left spiral Reamer

 Machine Reamer

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 Chucking Reamer

 Hand Reamer

 Expanding Reamer

 Taper Reamer

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 Dieing
Die = Tool used to cut external
threads on bars and tubes.

Consist of a nut having portions of

its thread circumference which are
shaped to provide cutting edges.
Die is screwed on to the bar upon
which the threads are to be cut.

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 Dieing
Forms of dies:
1. Solid die nut
2. Split die and stocks
3. Stocks with loose dies
4. Stocks and dies for fine threads
5. Pipe dies with guide bush

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 Process

The action of dieing a thread is

very similar to that of tapping
except that it is more difficult
to start the die square.

Great care in necessary in

starting the die so that the
threads are not cross each other.

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 Precautionary Measures

 The die should be rotated in both the direction at

the same time so that the threads are cleared from
chips. The die is pressed onto the end of the bar to
help the commencement of cutting.
 The action is assisted by chamfering off the end of
the bar for a distance equal to about two threads.
 The threads should be supplied with some form of
cutting oil.

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 Tapping
Tapping is essentially the internal threading of
a hole. This may either be achieved by Hand
tapping by using a set of taps.

Classification of taps
 Taper
 Plug
 Bottom

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To hold a tap adjustable tap handle is used

This is used for internal threading in the same

manner as the die is used.

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Research has shown that the important reasons
causing tap breakage are as follows:

 Wearing of tap cannot be easily quantified (use of

worn out taps)
 Use of tap with improper tap geometry for a
particular application.
 Use of non standard/inferior quality taps.
 Chip clogging
 Tapping does not follow the pre-tap hole
(misalignment)

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 Precautions

 Taps have self feed (Taps once engaged get

pulled into the job) due to helical angle.
 High Carbon taps should not be used as they
cannot sustain high speed.
 In order to retract tap from the hole, opposite
torque should be applied.
 Proper Lubricant should be used during tapping.
END
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