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Code Switching

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Code Switching

Uploaded by

rinbarcellano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CODE SWITCHING

SUBMITTED BY:
PRINCESS BARCELLANO
CODE SWITCHING

• It is the use of more than one language, variety, or style by a speaker within an
utterance or discourse, or between different interlocutors or situations.
• It is the use of more than one linguistic variety in a manner consistent with the
syntax and phonology of each variety.

Examples:
1. It's so pretty 別是當它是由你
2. 특히 당신이 만든 것이라면 it’s so good!
3. If you really like her, bakit hindi na lang kasi ako?
MULTILINGUALS
- those people who speak more than one language - sometimes use
elements of multiple languages in conversing with each other.

LOANWORD (Loan Word)


• It is a word borrowed from one language and incorporated into another.

CALQUE
• A calque or loan translation is a related concept where the meaning or
idiom is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself.
PIDGIN

• A pidgin (/’pidzin/), or pidgin language, is a simplified language that


develops as a means of communication between two or more groups
that do not have a language in common.

• A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is


instead learned as a second language. A pidgin may be built from
words, sounds, or body language from multiple other languages and
cultures. Pidgins usually have low prestige with respect to other
languages.
CREOLE

• A stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent


languages; creoles differ from pidgins in that they have been nativized
by children as their primary language, making them have features of
natural languages that are normally missing from pidgins.

• The vocabulary of a creole language consists of cognates from the parent


languages, though there are often clear phonetic and semantic shifts.
TYPES OF SWITCHING
• Scholars use different names for various types of code-switching.

Intersentential Switching - occurs outside the sentence or the clause level (i.e. at
sentence or clause boundaries).[27] It is sometimes called "extrasentential" switching.

Intra-sentential Switching - occurs within a sentence or a clause.


Tag-switching - the switching of either a tag phrase or a word, or both, from language-B
to language-A, (common intra-sentential switches).

Intra-word Switching - occurs within a word, itself, such as at a morpheme boundary.


Language transfer (language interference) refers to speakers or
writers applying knowledge from their native language to a second
language.

Social Motivations for Code-switching:


• Code-switching relates to, and sometimes indexes social-group membership
in bilingual and multilingual communities. Some sociolinguists describe the
relationships between code-switching behaviors and class, ethnicity, and other
social positions. In addition, scholars in interactional linguistics and
conversation analysis have studied code-switching as a means of structuring
talk in interaction.
DIGLOSSIA

Diglossia ( /dar'glosiǝ/; two languages) refers to a situation in


which two dialects or languages are used by a single language
community. In addition to the community's everyday or
vernacular language variety (labeled "L" or "low" variety), a
second, highly codified variety (labeled "H" or "high") is used in
certain situations such as literature, formal education, or other
specific settings, but not used for ordinary conversation.
CONVERGENCE

• Convergence is a type of contact- induced change


whereby languages with many bilingual speakers
mutually borrow morphological and syntactic features,
making their typology more similar.
MECHANICS OF CODE-SWITCHING
• Code-switching mostly occurs where the syntaxes of the
languages align in a sentence; thus, it is uncommon to
switch from English to French after an adjective and before
a noun, because, in French, adjectives usually follow
nouns. Even unrelated languages often align syntactically
at a relative clause boundary or at the boundary of other
sentence sub-structures.
BORROWING/CODE-SWITCHING

The difference between borrowing (loanword


usage) and code-switching; generally, borrowing
occurs in the lexicon, while code-switching occurs
at either the syntax level or the utterance-
construction level.

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