IETE Technical Review

ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/titr20

Compact Microstrip Bandstop Filter for UWB

Application

Anil Rajput & Biswajeet Mukherjee

To cite this article: Anil Rajput & Biswajeet Mukherjee (2024) Compact Microstrip
Bandstop Filter for UWB Application, IETE Technical Review, 41:2, 123-132, DOI:
10.1080/02564602.2023.2220685

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2023.2220685

Published online: 06 Jun 2023.

Submit your article to this journal

Article views: 122

View related articles

View Crossmark data

Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=titr20
IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW
2024, VOL. 41, NO. 2, 123–132
https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2023.2220685

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Compact Microstrip Bandstop Filter for UWB Application

Anil Rajput and Biswajeet Mukherjee
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing,
Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482 005, India

ABSTRACT KEYWORDS
In this paper, a novel Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandstop Filter (BSF) with five Transmission Zeros (TZ) Even and Odd Mode;
and three Transmission Poles (TP) is presented. This filter is designed with a new type of resonator. Lumped Model; Resonator;
Validation of the proposed filter with the lumped model is also investigated. Further, the transmis- Transmission Pole (TP);
sion line circuit model of the filter is proposed, and consequently even and odd mode impedance Transmission Zeros (TZ);
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
is calculated analytically. Furthermore, a compact size of 16.8 mm × 14.98 mm (0.2λg × 0.18λg ) is
achieved by employing folded stubs. The proposed filter offers an Ultra-wide bandwidth of 7.5 GHz
(2.9 –10.4 GHz) with a rejection depth of greater than 20 dB over the entire stopband. Moreover, the
upper and lower skirt factors of 70 dB per GHz are achieved. A prototype of the proposed UWB BSF is
fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which validates
the proposed design.

1. INTRODUCTION
level of BSF, the circularly etched rectangular resonator is
The exponential growth in wireless communication in investigated in [11]. The triangular split resonance rings,
the past two decades has led to a concern about Electro- Triple mode resonator, slotted-ground-plane resonator,
magnetic Interference (EMI) issue. The Ultra-Wideband and radial stubs are explored in [12–14]. The resonators
(UWB) Band Stop Filters (BSF) are very important in that can achieve harmonic manipulations including har-
the electronic industry for the UWB communication sys- monic suppression in filters are presented in [15]. The
tem with high selectivity and stopband rejection. The U-shaped slots for generating band notches are explored
Federal Communication Commission has assigned the in [16]. The large skirt-band attenuation rate is realized
UWB (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) for unlicensed applica- based on the modified coupled line sections with open-
tions. To meet the requirements of wireless communi- /short-circuited termination and two quarter-wavelength
cation system development, a UWB Bandstop Filter is transmission lines are shown in [17]. The attenuation
required to avoid electromagnetic interference with the level of the bandstop filter can be controlled by adjust-
existing wireless communication system such as WLAN, ing the resonant frequency of each resonator, as explained
local transport networks, and so on. In the past, sev- in [18]. The revolutionary microstrip technology for
eral types of stub topology-based BSF are explained in wireless communication suffers from relatively large size
[1–9]. The wideband bandstop response is achieved in [19], for achieving compact size, folded high impedance
[1–4]. Open and T-shaped stubs are used to suppress the lines are used in [20,21]. Another, Empty Substrate Inte-
harmonics as explained in [2]. L-shaped stubs are uti- grated Coaxial Lines (ESICL) technique is explained to
lized in [3]. The stub design with extreme impedance achieve UWB bandstop response in [22]. Using uni-
levels (both high and low) is explained in [4]. Further, form impedance resonators and stepped impedance res-
UWB bandstop filter design approaches are discussed in onators, TZs are introduced which improves Skirt Factor
[5–10]. The BSF bandwidth and rejection level can be as explored in [23]. However, in the above-mentioned
varied by changing the impedances of the configuration works, researchers have used rectangular, triangular, and
as explained in [5]. The generation of TZ near passband other types of resonators. But still, introducing new
greatly improves the frequency selectivity as is explained types of resonators in filter design for UWB applications
in [5–7]. Different types of resonators are used in filter remains a challenge.
design which is demonstrated in [8–12]. In [8], H-shape
multimode ring resonator is deployed. Five-stage and six- This paper presents a novel UWB bandstop filter with a
stage stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) are explored sharp Skirt Factor (SF). Here, a resonator inspired by the
in [9,10] respectively. To improve the higher passband Yagi-Uda stub with two directors having electric coupling
© 2024 IETE
124 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION

Figure 1: Flowchart of the complete design process

between directors is introduced. Transmission zeros are

generated by folded open stubs and high impedance
lines offer good selectivity and UWB stopband. Further
lumped model and transmission line model are extracted
for validating the structure response. The prototype is
fabricated, measured, and experimentally validated. The
design process is depicted using the flowchart as shown
in Figure 1.

2. DESIGN OF FILTER
The proposed BSF is designed, simulated, and optimized
using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software
(in Frequency-domain solver). For designing this filter,
Rogers DiClad 880 dielectric substrate having ε r = 2.2,
tan δ = 0.0009, the height of the substrate of 0.508 mm,
and the thickness of copper material with 0.035 mm is
used. In past research work, various types of stubs and
resonators for filter application were presented. From
[24], the first stub acts as a feeder of power, and the
remaining stubs work as a director which directs the flow
of power for the antenna system. This concept of a res-
onator is adopted for defining a UWB bandstop response
with input and output ports as is depicted in Figure 2(a).
The proposed resonator configuration is inspired by the
stubs and flowchart for validating the nature of the new Figure 2: (a) Concept of taking resonator with feeder and direc-
type of resonator explained in Figure 2(b). In section 1 of tors, (b) the stepwise process to finalize resonator, (c) simu-
Figure 2(b), the feedline with four directors distributed lated |S| parameter of all three section designs which is having
line model (DLM) is presented. Further in section 2, the DLM
 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION 125

reduction of the last two directors from the structure also The input impedance of series connected parallel combi-
gives a similar response as with four directors. Further- nation of L5 , C5 and L8 , C8 is
more, in section 3, the reduction of two more directors,    
jωL9 C5 + C8 jωL7
the responses have changed to little narrow bandwidth as Zin = + +
1 − ω 2 L 9 C9 jωC5 C8 1 − ω 2 L 7 C7
in Figure 2(c).  
1 − ω 2 L 6 C6
 =R (4)
2jωC6
2.1 Lumped Model and TZ Frequencies
The magnitude of the Zin (R) is 3.5  at the resonant fre-
For the generation of Transmission Zeros (TZ) near
quency of 4.84 GHz. The magnitude of total impedance
the lower passband, higher passband and the middle of
of resonator against frequency saturates at a higher fre-
the bandstop range: three open stubs are introduced as
quency is shown in Figure 3(b).
shown in Figure 4(a). The resultant filter provides the
UWB bandstop response. The footprint of the design
To validate this UWB bandstop response of Figure 4(a),
structure with straight stubs is 0.070 λg 2 from Figure 4(a).
the lumped model is depicted in Figure 4(b). The induc-
The lumped inductance L and capacitance C repre-
tance of the high impedance line can be calculated from
sent the magnetic Km and electric Ke coupling between
Equation (5) as referred from [27],
resonators respectively. The mixed-coupling K between
resonators is represented by approximate equalities as βZH l
L= (5)
given below 2πfc
where β is the phase constant, ZH is the impedance of
K ≈ Km + Ke (1)
the thin line, l is the length of the thin line, and fc is the
1 center frequency for the designed stub. The C2 and CC
Km ≈ √ (2)
2π f0 L b1 b2 capacitance are observed because of the step in width of
2π f0 C the distributed line and bends of the distributed line as
Ke ≈ − √ (3) referred from Figure 4(a) and in tandem with reference
b 1 b2
[28]. Further even mode impedance (Ze ) and odd mode
where b1 , b2 are the susceptance slope parameters of the impedance (Zo ) can be calculated from Equation (6) and
π π Equation (7) respectively,
resonators, b = 2Z 0
for λ/2 resonator, and b = 4Z 0
for
λ/4 resonator. This is in accordance with [25,26]. With Ze = Ae ||B||C||D (6)
the presence of C5 (0.3114 pF) and C8 (0.2741 pF) in
the lumped model shows the electric coupling is present Zo = Ao ||B||C||D (7)
between the directors. The calculated Ke is –0.00947 and where
–0.00942 corresponding to C5 and C8 respectively. Keep-   
ing the same impedance of stubs, the electric coupling 1 1
Ae =  (Zin + jωL5 ) + jωL2  (8)
factor between stubs with the variation of capacitance is jωC2 jωCC
depicted in Figure 3(a). The input impedance of the res- jωL2
Ao = (9)
onator is explained from the equivalent lumped model. 1 − ω 2 CC L 2

Figure 3: (a) Coupling factor between two adjacent lines and (b) total impedance variation of resonator against frequency
126 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION

TZs frequencies can be found from equation

number (13).
1
f (TZ1,3,4 ) =  (13)
2π L1,3,4 C1,3,4

The variations of TZs frequencies with various parame-

ters of resonating circuits are plotted in Figure 5(a)–(c).
The TZ1,3,4 position varies according to variation of
length L1 L3 (mm) in Figure 5(a), inductance L1 , L3
and L4 (nH) in Figure 5(b), capacitance C1 , C3 , and
C4 (pF) in Figure 5(c), which validates extracted LM.
It is observed that TZ1,3,4 positions are not depen-
dent on each other. The optimized lumped parameter
values are C1 = 0.230 pF, C2 = 0.243 pF, C3 = 0.117
pF, C4 = 0.079 pF, C5 = 0.311 pF, C6 = 0.355 pF,
C7 = 0.062 pF, C8 = 0.2741 pF, C9 = 0.043 pF, CC
= 0.271 pF, L1 = 10.360 nH, L2 = 5.02 nH, L3 = 8.71
nH, L4 = 3.418 nH, L5 = 1.644 nH, L6 = 0.854 nH,
L7 = 0.384 nH, L9 = 0.082 nH. In Figure 5(d), the |S|
parameter of LM and DLM having TZ and TP positions
at nearly the same position validates the response.

2.2 Transmission Line Model and Validation of

Response
Further, to validate the |S| Parameter of DLM, the trans-
mission line model is extracted in Figure 6(a). Where
Z1 , Z2 , Z3 , Z4 , and Z5 are characteristic impedances of
the represented line. θ 1 , θ 2 , θ 3 , θ 4 , and θ 5 are the elec-
trical lengths of the represented line, and R is the input
impedance of the new resonator calculated from equation
(4). In Figure 6(b), the even and odd mode analyses are
described based on the impedance and electrical length.

From Ref. [1], the extracted |S| parameters are as follows:-

Zeven Zodd − Z0 2
|S11 | = (14)
(Zeven + Z0 )(Zodd + Z0 )
Z0 (Zeven − Zodd )
|S21 | = (15)
(Zeven + Z0 )(Zodd + Z0 )
Figure 4: (a) Without folding stubs distributed line structure and Figure 6(a) shows that this structure is symmetrical from
(b) extracted lumped model of DLM the centre, thus the even and odd mode TL model are
depicted in Figure 6(b), where Zeven and Zodd are the
parallel combination, defined as below

(1 − ω2 L4 C4 ) Zeven = Z1  ||Z2  ||Z3  ||Z4R  (16)

B= (10)    
jωC4 Zodd = Z1 ||Z2 ||Z3 ||Z4SC (17)
(1 − ω2 L 3 C3 )
C= (11) where
jωC3
(1 − ω2 L1 C1 ) Z1  = −jZ1 cot θ1 (18)
D= (12)
jωC1 Z2  = −jZ2 cot θ2 (19)
 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION 127

Figure 6: (a) Extracted TL model of designed distributed line

model and (b) extracted even mode and odd mode TL model

Z3  = −jZ3 cot θ3 (20)

 
 Z5R  + jZ4 tan θ4
Z4R = Z4 (21)
Z4 + jZ5R  tan θ4
 
 R + jZ5 tan θ5
Z5R = Z5 (22)
Z5 + jR tan θ5
Z4SC  = jZ4 tan θ4 (23)

The even and odd mode impedance calculations are done

in MATLAB and are shown in Figure 7. It shows that the
magnitude of the impedance is very low at the TZ posi-
tion which validates the distributed line model (DLM).

2.3 Parametric Optimization

In addition, based on the parametric optimization study,
the bandwidth and rejection level of the stopband can
be controlled by changing the length and width of dis-
tributed lines. As shown in Figure 8, the variation of
Figure 5: Variation in the position of Transmission Zeros fre-
L3 length is responsible for TZ3. Smaller L3 values pro-
quency (a) concerning length L1, L2, L3 (mm) variation, (b) con- vide an upper passband with high return loss and larger
cerning inductance L1 , L3 , and L4 (nH) variation, (c) with respect L3 provides a lower passband with high return loss,
capacitance C1 , C3 , and C4 (pF) variation, and (d) comparison of L3 = 11.3 mm gives both lower and upper passband
simulated |S| parameter for both LM and DLM with around –15 dB reflection coefficient and with more
128 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION

low reflection loss and low skirt factor. A larger length of

L4 gives TP2 at a lower frequency with high reflection loss
and a higher skirt factor. In Figure 10, variation in W4 is
responsible for the rejection depth of stopband and posi-
tion of TP2 . Narrow W4 offers higher rejection depth and
TP2 at higher frequency with a low skirt factor. Wider W4
offers lower rejection depth and TP2 at a lower frequency
with a high skirt factor. Thus there is a trade-off in the
stub’s dimension and bandstop response which controls
the bandwidth, Rejection depth, and TZ& TP position.
In all figures (Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10), the black
color line graph shows the optimized results leading to
L3 = 11.3 mm, L4 = 8 mm, and W4 = 0.2 mm.
Figure 7: The magnitude of impedance variation concerning
The layout of the electromagnetic (EM) circuit model
frequency variation for both even mode and odd mode
extracted TLM of the proposed UWB bandstop filter is shown in
Figure 11(a). Folded stubs are introduced according
to [20,21]. The parameters of the EM circuit model
than –20 dB rejection depth in the band-stop range. In are also mentioned accordingly. In Figure 11(b), the
Figure 9, the L4 is responsible for the position of TP2 . The Group delay between one port to another port does not
smaller length of L4 gives TP2 at higher frequency with exceed more than 4 nanoseconds in the entire UWB

Figure 8: Parametric optimization of stub length of L3: (a) |S11 | and (b) |S21 |

Figure 9: Parametric optimization of stub length of L4: (a) |S11 | and (b) |S21 |
 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION 129

Figure 10: Parametric optimization of stub width of W4: (a) |S11 | and (b) |S21 |

port through a high impedance line, and at the TZ’s

frequency (3.2 GHz and 6.1 GHz) the current does not
reach the other port, rather it is stored in open stubs
and in the resonator. The optimized parameters of the
structure, as shown in Figure 11(a), are L1 = 17.2 mm,
L2 = 5.6, L3 = 10.3 mm, L4 = 7.7 mm, L5 = 2.6 mm,
W1 = W2 = W3 = W4 = 0.2 mm, W5 = 0.5 mm,
LY1 = 12 mm, LY2 = 10.5 mm, LY3 = 8 mm, WY1 =
WY2 = WY3 = 1 mm, G1 = G2 = 0.3 mm. The
compact size of the design with folded stubs achieves
0.036 λg 2 .

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

To validate the Ultra-Wideband bandstop filter response,
a prototype of the proposed filter is designed, fabri-
cated, and its results are experimentally verified. For
fabrication Rogers DiClad 880 dielectric substrate hav-
ing εr = 2.2, tan δ = 0.0009, the height of the substrate
of 0.508 mm, and the thickness of copper material with
0.035 mm is used. The fabrication of the proposed design
is done by Enthu Technology ETS-PCBMATE 300W
machine. Figure 13(a) shows the fabricated structure
Figure 11: (a) The layout of the proposed structure with the which is 16.8 mm × 14.98 mm (0.2λg × 0.18λg ) size. The
parameter units and (b) group delay variation between one port
|S| parameter is measured by the Agilent Technologies
to another port concerning frequency
E5071C ENA series network analyzer. The measured
(Meas) and simulated (Sim) |S| parameter results of the
frequency range, the variation in group delay validates proposed structure are depicted in a single graph and the
the TZ’s and TP’s position in the entire frequency results are in good agreement as shown in Figure 13(b).
range and it offers UWB bandstop response also. In The BSF with five TZ and three TP can be observed.
Figure 12, it can be observed that because of narrow lines, The measured result of |S11 | has a noise floor because of
there is a negligible extra charge stored at the bending other losses (cable connection and cable losses, etc.). The
point, and this capacitive effect does not alter the band- bandwidth of the UWB bandstop filter is 2.9–10.4 GHz
width of BSF. The current distribution profile across the with a 20-dB rejection level. A comparison of the pro-
designed structure at two TZ and two TP frequencies posed work with other references which are the latest
is shown in Figure 12. At the TP’s frequency (2.4 and published in reputed journals is tabulated in Table 1. Ref-
11 GHz), the current passes from one port to another erences [3,8,9,11] have a narrow bandwidth, and low skirt
130 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION

Figure 12: Current distribution across the design at the frequency of 2.4 GHz (TP), 3.2 GHz (TZ), 6.1 GHz (TZ), and 11 GHz (TP)

Table 1: Comparison of this work results with references

work
Ref. CF (GHz) % BW Size (λg 2 ) SF (dB/GHz) TZ RD (dB)
[3] 6.15 50% 0.101 ≈ 30 2 > 20
[8] 6.95 100% 0.086 ≈ 48 4 < 20
[9] 5.3 109% 0.035 ≈ 20 2 < 20
[11] 6.75 90% 0.089 47.2 3 > 20
[17] 0.98 64% 0.042 340 4 < 20
[19] 3.01 23.9% 0.226 ≈ 108 3 > 20
[22] 15.42 35% 6.214 ≈ 63 3 > 20
TW 6.75 112% 0.036 70 5 > 20
CF∗ , Centre frequency; BW∗ , Bandwidth; Ref.∗ , Reference; TW, This work;
RD∗ , Rejection depth; SF∗ , Skirt factor.

factor with two, four, and three TZ respectively in com-

parison to the proposed work. The bandwidth, rejection
depth, and size of the proposed structure are better in
comparison to [17,19]. Reference [22] has a narrow band-
width, and low skirt factor with three TZ in comparison
to the proposed work. The proposed filter is found to be
compact, novel in configuration, and offers competitive
results.

At the transition band between stopband and pass-

band, for two defined frequencies, as F1 = 2.66 GHz and
F2 = 3.04 GHz, X1 (dB) and X2 (dB) are the amounts of
attenuation at F1 and F2 , respectively in Figure 13(b). The
Skirt Factor (dB/GHz) formulation is derived as [29],
X2 − X1
Skirt factor = dB/GHz (24)
Figure 13: (a) Proposed fabricated prototype structure with F2 − F1
centimeter-scale and (b) graph of simulated and measured results
of the proposed BSF The Skirt Factor achieved is 70 dB per GHz frequency.
 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION 131

4. CONCLUSION 7. Z. He, Z. Shao, and C. J. You, “Parallel feed bandpass fil-

ter with high selectivity and wide stopband,” Electron. Lett,
A novel UWB Bandstop filter is presented in this paper. Vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 844–846, May 2016.
The current electronic industry demands components
that are simple to install and have a compact design 8. Z. Gao, P. Wu, and Y. Zhang, “A new compact microstrip
for communication systems. The proposed structure is ultra-wideband (uwb) bandstop filter with good perfor-
mance,” Prog Electro Res Let, Vol. 93, pp. 9–12, Aug
particularly well-suited to meet these requirements. A
2020.
new type of resonator is presented which contributes
to UWB BSF. The compact size is achieved by folded 9. A. Sheikhi, A. Alipour, and A. Mir, “Design and fabrication
stubs. The TZs can be controlled with the dimensions of an ultra-wide stopband compact bandpass filter,” IEEE
of the stubs. The extracted transmission line model and Trans Circ Sys—II: Exp Brief, Vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 265–269,
extracted lumped model, and its simulated results are in February 2020.
good agreement with the experimental results. Further, 10. H. Asadbeigi, and B. S. Virdee, “Compact notch filter
the proposed filter offers 2.9–10.4 GHz bandwidth with design using stepped impedance resonators for sharp roll-
a skirt factor of 70 dB/GHz and more than 20 dB rejec- off and large wideband rejection,” Int. J. RF Microwave
tion level over the entire bandstop range. This filter is Comput. Aided Eng., Vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 490–494, August
applicable for UWB application systems. 2015.

11. A. Rajput, M. Chauhan, and B. Mukherjee, “An ultra-

wideband bandstop filter with circularly etched stub res-
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT onator,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 63, no. 12,
pp. 2958–2963, December 2021.
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
12. L.-F. Shi, L. Zhao, and X.-L. Zhang, “Dual-band filter with
high selectivity and wide stopband rejection,” Int. J. RF
ORCID Microwave Comput. Aided Eng., Vol. 30, no. 11, pp. e22403,
pp. 1-13, August 2020.
Anil Rajput http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-6219
Biswajeet Mukherjee http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7213-0427 13. C.-J. Wang, “A Low-pass filter based on the slotted-
ground-plane horn-shaped resonator,” IETE Tech. Rev.,
Vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 199–204, Aug. 2016.
REFERENCES
14. V. K. Killamsetty, and B. Mukherjee, “Compact triple band
1. L. Liang, Y. Liu, J. Li, S. Li, C. Yu, Y. Wu, and M. Su, “A bandpass filters design using mixed coupled resonators,”
novel wide-stopband bandstop filter with sharp-rejection Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEÜ), Vol. 107, pp. 49–56,
characteristic and analytical theory,” Prog Electromag Res March 2019.
C, Vol. 40, pp. 143–158, May 2013.
15. K. Y. Chan, R. Ramer, R. R. Mansour, and R. Sor-
2. W.-H. Tu, and K. Chang, “Compact second harmonic- rentino, “Harmonic characterizations of loaded resonators
suppressed bandstop and bandpass filters using open for waveguide filters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 68,
stubs,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 54, no. no. 6, pp. 5448–5459, June 2021.
6, pp. 2497–2502, June 2006.
16. S. Modak, T. Khan, and R. H. Laskar, “Loaded UWB
3. B. Shrestha, and N.-Y. Kim, “Microstrip wideband band- monopole antenna for quad band-notched characteris-
stop filter with open stubs for uwb applications,” Microw. tics,” IETE Tech. Rev., Vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 568–576, Feb.
Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 1003–1006, April 2022.
2015.
17. M. Kong, Y. Wu, Z. Zhuang, and Y. Liu, “Wideband
4. J. A. G. Malherbe, “Wideband bandpass filter with bandstop filter with extreme sharp skirt selectivity,” IEEE
extremely wide upper stopband,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Microwave Compon. Lett., Vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1104–1106,
Theory Tech., Vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 2822–2827, June 2018. December 2018.

5. V. K. Velidi, A. B. Guntupalli, and S. Sanyal, “Sharp- 18. C.-H. Wu, C.-C. Tang, and C.-W. Tang, “Design of the
rejection ultra-wide bandstop filters,” IEEE Microw Comp. microstrip bandstop filter with high insertion loss,” IEEE
Lett., Vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 503–505, August 2009. Trans Compon, Packag Manufac Techn, Vol. 9, no. 1,
pp. 122–128, January 2019.
6. S.-W. Ren, L.-S. Wu, H.-L. Peng, and J.-F. Mao, “Quasi-
elliptic wideband bandstop filter using stepped-impedance 19. S. Kamal, et al., “An assessment of progress in 5.8 GHz
coupled line,” IEEE Microwave Compon. Lett., Vol. 25, no. quasi-lumped element resonator antennas,” IETE Tech.
6, pp. 364–367, June 2015. Rev., Vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 328–346, March 2021.
132 A. RAJPUT AND B. MUKHERJEE: COMPACT MICROSTRIP BANDSTOP FILTER FOR UWB APPLICATION

20. A. Rajput, K. Patel, and A. Birwal, “Compact microstrip feed,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, no. 3,
low pass filter design using U-shaped folded high- pp. 966–969, March 2010.
impedance line,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 60,
no. 7, pp. 1812–1815, July 2018. 25. A. Zakharov, S. Rozenko, and M. Ilchenko, “Two types
of trisection bandpass filters with mixed cross-coupling,”
21. A. Gorur, and C. Karpuz, “Reduced-size wideband band- IEEE Microwave Compon. Lett., Vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 585–587,
stop filter using two open-circuited shunt stubs spaced July 2018.
by a double-length transmission-line element,” Int. J. RF
Microw Comput. Aided Eng., Vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 79–85, 26. A. Zakharov, S. Litvintsev, and M. Ilchenko, “Trisection
January 2005. bandpass filters with all mixed couplings,” IEEE Microwave
Compon. Lett., Vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 592–594, September 2019.
22. A. L. Borja, A. B. H. E. González, and V. E. Boria,
“Design procedure of continuous profile stopband fil- 27. L. Kumar, and M. S. Parihar, “A wide stopband low-pass fil-
ters implemented with empty substrate integrated coaxial ter with high roll-off using stepped impedance resonators,”
lines,” IEEE Trans. Microw Theory Tech., Vol. 68, no. 4, IEEE Microwave Compon. Lett., Vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 404–406,
pp. 1520–1528, April 2020. May 2018.

23. F.-C. Chen, R.-S. Li, J.-M. Qiu, and Q.-X. Chu, “Sharp- 28. J. S. Hong, “Microstrip filters for RF/microwave applica-
rejection wideband bandstop filter using stepped tions,” New York: Wiley 2011.
impedance resonators,” IEEE Transas Compon, Packag
Manufact Techn, Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 444–449, March 2017. 29. A. Rajput, M. Chauhan, and B. Mukherjee, “A novel
multi wideband bandstop filter with annular shaped stubs,”
24. R. A. Alhalabi, and G. M. Rebeiz, “Differentially-fed AEU - Int J. Electron Commun, Elsevier, Vol. 142, no.
millimeter-wave yagi-uda antennas with folded dipole 153993, pp. 1–6, October 2021.

Authors Biswajeet Mukherjee has received the

BTech degree from the ECE Department,
Anil Rajput has received the BTech Indraprastha University, Delhi, India, the
degree from the Electronics and Com- MTech degree in microwave electronics
munication Engineering Department, from the Department of Electronic Sci-
UPTU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, ence, University of Delhi, New Delhi,
and the MTech degree in microwave India, and the PhD degree from IIT Bom-
electronics from the Department of bay, Mumbai, India. In 2014, he joined
Electronic Science, University of Delhi, IIITDM, Jabalpur, India, as an assistant professor. He has
New Delhi, India, and currently pur- authored or co-authored over 100 research articles in inter-
suing the PhD degree with the Department of ECE, national peer-reviewed journals and conferences. His research
PDPM IIITDM, Jabalpur, India. He worked as a JRF interests include microwave engineering, DRA, filters, and
at PDPM IIITDM, Jabalpur, India, for 6 months. He metamaterials. He was a recipient of the Young Scientist Award
has authored or co-authored over 20 research articles in at URSI GASS, 2014 and the IEI Young Engineering Award in
international peer-reviewed journals and conferences. His 2016.
current research interests include planar filters, reconfig-
urable circuits, meta-materials, and dielectric resonator Email: [email protected]
antennas.

Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]