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Tut 3

The document discusses properties of metric spaces including: proving disjoint open subsets exist for disjoint closed subsets; proving complements of sets in metric spaces; proving positive distance from closed sets; properties of diameters of subsets including inequalities; proving completeness from bounded sequences having convergent subsequences; Cauchy sequences in metric spaces and equivalence relations; integers under the metric of absolute difference is complete; l1 space is complete; and real numbers are incomplete under a specific arctangent metric.

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39 views2 pages

Tut 3

The document discusses properties of metric spaces including: proving disjoint open subsets exist for disjoint closed subsets; proving complements of sets in metric spaces; proving positive distance from closed sets; properties of diameters of subsets including inequalities; proving completeness from bounded sequences having convergent subsequences; Cauchy sequences in metric spaces and equivalence relations; integers under the metric of absolute difference is complete; l1 space is complete; and real numbers are incomplete under a specific arctangent metric.

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vaishalic2304
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Assignment 3 Jan.

2019
Real and Complex Analysis
MTL122/ MTL503/ MTL506
Lecturer: A. Dasgupta [email protected]

(1) Let A and B be disjoint closed subsets of a metric spaces (X, d). Prove that
there are disjoint open subsets U and V of X such that A ✓ U and B ✓ V.

(2) Let (X, d) be a metric space with E ⇢ X. Prove that (E )c = (E c ).

(3) A point x not belonging to a closed set M ⇢ (X, d) always has a nonzero
distance from M . (Hint: To prove this, show that x 2 Ā if and only if
D(x, A) = dist(x, A) = inf y2A d(x, y) = 0; here A is any nonempty subset of
X.

(4) Let A and B be non-empty subsets of a metric space (X, d). Prove that

(i) A ⇢ B implies diam(A)  diam(B).

(ii) diam(A) = 0 if and only if for some x 2 X, A = {x}.

(iii) If a 2 A and b 2 B, then


diam(A [ B)  diam(A) + diam(B) + d(a, b).
(5) Let (X, d) be a metric space with the property that every bounded sequence
has a convergent subsequence. Prove that X is complete.
Does Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem holds holds for any metric space? Give
reasons/counterexamples.

(6) If (xn ) and (yn ) are Cauchy sequences in a metric space (X, d), show that
(an ), where an = d(xn , yn ), converges.

(7) Let X = (X, d) be a metric space and CS(X) the collection of all Cauchy
sequences in X. For (xn ) and (yn ) in CS(X), define
(xn ) ⇠ (yn ) if and only if lim d(xn , yn ) = 0.
n!1

Show that ⇠ is an equivalence relation on CS(X).

(8) Show that the set X of all integers, with metric d defined by d(m, n) = |m n|,
is a complete metric space.

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(9) Show that (l1 , d1 ), d1 (defined in Lecture ) is a complete metric space.

(10) Show that the set of all real numbers constitutes an incomplete metric space
if we choose d(x, y) = | arctan x arctan y|.

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