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UNIX2

The document discusses basic UNIX commands like who, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, cd, ls, touch, cal, clear and history. It explains what each command is used for and provides examples of using the commands in the terminal.

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naastha4
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26 views6 pages

UNIX2

The document discusses basic UNIX commands like who, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, cd, ls, touch, cal, clear and history. It explains what each command is used for and provides examples of using the commands in the terminal.

Uploaded by

naastha4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT -2

AIM - Study of UNIX general purpose utility commands.

OUTCOME - Must be able to understand the general purpose

Utility commands.

OBJECTIVE - To understading and mastering the fundamental of

UNIX commands.

THEORY -

Unix commands are a set of commands that are used to interact with the Unix
operating system. Unix is a powerful, multi-user, multi-tasking operating system
that was developed in the 1960s by Bell Labs. Unix commands are entered at
the command prompt in a terminal window, and they allow users to perform a
wide variety of tasks, such as managing files and directories, running
processes, managing user accounts, and configuring network settings. Unix is
now one of the most commonly used Operating systems used for various
purposes such as Personal use, Servers, Smartphones, and many more. It was
developed in the 1970’s at AT& T Labs by two famous personalities Dennis M.
Ritchie and Ken Thompson.

 You’ll be surprised to know that the most popular programming language C


came into existence to write the Unix Operating System.

 Linux is Unix-Like operating system.

 The most important part of the Linux is Linux Kernel which was first released
in the early 90s by Linus Torvalds.There are several Linux distros available
(most are open-source and free to download and use) such as Ubuntu,
Debian, Fedora, Kali, Mint, Gentoo, Arch and much more.

AASTHA NEGI 2210DMTCSE11970


 Now coming to the Basic and most usable commands of Linux/Unix part.
(Please note that all the linux/unix commands are run in the terminal of a
linux system.Terminal is like command prompt as that of in Windows OS)

 Linux/Unix commands are case-sensitive i.e Hello is different from hello.

 BASIC UNIX COMMANDS-

1.who : The ‘$ who’ command displays all the users who have logged into the
system currently. As shown above, on my system I am the only user currently
logged in.The thing tty2 is terminal line the user is using and the next line gives
the current date and time.

AASTHA NEGI 2210DMTCSE11970


2.pwd: The ‘$pwd’ command stands for ‘print working directory’ and as the
name says,it displays the directory in which we are currently (directory is same
as folder for Windows OS users).
In the output, we are harssh directory(folder for Windows OS that are moving to
Linux),which is present inside the home directory.

3. mkdir : The ‘$ mkdir’ stands for ‘make directory’ and it creates a new
directory.We have used ‘$ cd’ (which is discussed below) to get into the newly
created directory and again on giving ‘$ pwd’ command,we are displayed with
the new ‘newfolder’ directory.

AASTHA NEGI 2210DMTCSE11970


4. rmdir : The ‘$ rmdir’ command deletes any directory we want to delete and
you can remember it by its names ‘rmdir’ which stands for ‘remove directory’.

5. cd : The ‘$ cd’ command stands for ‘change directory’ and it changes your
current directory to the ‘newfolder’ directory.You can understand this a double-
clicking a folder and then you do some stuff in that folder.

AASTHA NEGI 2210DMTCSE11970


6. ls : The ‘ls’ command simply displays the contents of a directory.

7. touch : The ‘$ touch’ command creates a file(not directory) and you can
simple add an extension such as .txt after it to make it a Text File.

8.cal: The ‘$ cal’ means calendar and it simply display calendar on to your
screen.

AASTHA NEGI 2210DMTCSE11970


9. Clear : The ‘$ clear’ command is used to clean up the terminal so that you
can type with more accuracy.

10.History : The ‘$ history’ command is used to get list of previous commands


may be obtained by executing the following command. you can also use
parameters like !n to re-execute the nth command, !! to executes the most
recent command, and !cp this will execute the most recent command that starts
with cp.

AASTHA NEGI 2210DMTCSE11970

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