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Nonparametric Assignment 3

The document discusses testing the significance of the slope in simple linear regression. It outlines the assumptions, procedure, hypotheses, test statistic, decision process, and provides a detailed example using raw exam score and study hours data from students.

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Joachim “Jayrz” Mwambire
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6 views

Nonparametric Assignment 3

The document discusses testing the significance of the slope in simple linear regression. It outlines the assumptions, procedure, hypotheses, test statistic, decision process, and provides a detailed example using raw exam score and study hours data from students.

Uploaded by

Joachim “Jayrz” Mwambire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Joachim Amani Mwambire

Scm224-0612/2021

Nonparametric Assignment 3

Describe briefly how to test significance of simple linear regression of two slopes giving details of
assumptions, procedure, hypotheses, test statistic, decision and detailed example in application field
using raw data

Testing the significance of the slope in simple linear regression involves assessing whether the slope of
the regression line is significantly different from zero. This can be done using a hypothesis test. Here's a
brief overview of the process:

Assumptions:

Linearity: The relationship between the independent variable (X) and dependent variable (Y) is linear.

Independence: Observations are independent of each other.

Homoscedasticity: The variance of the residuals (the differences between observed and predicted
values) is constant across all levels of the independent variable.

Normality: The residuals are normally distributed.

Procedure:

Formulate Hypotheses:

Null Hypothesis (H0): The slope of the regression line is zero (i.e., there is no relationship between X and
Y).

H0: β1 = 0

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The slope of the regression line is not zero (there is a significant
relationship between X and Y).

H1: β1 ≠ 0

Calculate the Test Statistic:


The test statistic for testing the significance of the slope in simple linear regression follows a t-
distribution.

Test Statistic:

t= b1−0/SE(b1)

b1 is the estimated slope coefficient

SE(b1) is the standard error of the slope coefficient

Determine the Critical Value:

Degrees of Freedom (df) = n - 2, where n is the number of data points

Look up the critical t-value for a given significance level (alpha) and degrees of freedom.

Make a Decision:

If the calculated t-value is greater than the critical t-value, reject the null hypothesis.

If the calculated t-value is less than the critical t-value, fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Detailed Example:

Let's say we have data on hours studied (X) and exam scores (Y) for a group of students. We want to test
if the number of hours studied significantly predicts exam scores.

plaintext

Copy code

Hours Studied (X) | Exam Score (Y)

-----------------------------------

2 | 60

4 | 70

6 | 75
8 | 85

10 | 90

Calculations:

Calculate the slope

b1) and standard error

SE(b1)) of the slope from the data.

Hypotheses:

H0: β1 = 0

H1: β1 ≠ 0

Test Statistic:

t=b1−0/SE(b1)

Degrees of Freedom:

df = 5 - 2 = 3 (since we have 5 data points)

Determine Critical Value:

For example, at a 95% confidence level (alpha = 0.05), with 3 degrees of freedom, the critical t-value is
3.182.

Compare Calculated t-value to Critical t-value:

If

∣t∣>3.182, reject the null hypothesis.

Decision:

Suppose after calculations we find

t=4.21.

Since

∣4.21∣>3.182, we reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion
We have sufficient evidence to suggest that there is a significant relationship between hours studied and
exam scores for this group of students.

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