Mrs.

Tata IELTS

IELTS WRITING TASK I

INTRODUCTION (PARAPHRASING)

graph / chart / diagram line graph

Show illustrate / demonstrate / compare

information about data for

the proportion of the percentage of / the figure for

the number of the figure for/ the quantity of

the total number the overall number

... consumption the amount of … consumed

The number of people who visited HN The number of people visiting Hanoi/ the
number of visitors

people in the US Americans

from 1999 to 2009 between 1999 and 2009 / over a period of

10 years/ over the course of 10 years/ over
the ten year period

in three countries in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore (name

the countries)

various mobile phone features different functions of mobile phones

men and women males and females/ genders

OVERVIEW

It can be seen that Có thể thấy rằng

The overall trend was upward/ downward Xu hướng tổng thể là tăng/ giảm

All figures experienced ... except for ... Tất cả các chỉ số đều chứng kiến ... ngoại
trừ ...

Experienced the fastest growth Đã chứng kiến sự tăng trưởng mạnh nhất

the highest/ lowest figure Là chỉ số cao nhất/ thấp nhất

There were significant changes in ... Đã có sự thay đổi lớn trong ...
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
LINE GRAPH

A. SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1) Time, S + V + adv
From 2000 to 2005, the number of workers decreased sharply.
2) There + be + a/an + adj + N + in + S + time
There was a sharp decrease in the number of workers over the 5-year period.
3) S + saw / witnessed / underwent a quick drop + time
The number of workers underwent a sharp decrease between 2000 and 2005.
4) A + adj + N + in + S was recorded
A sharp decrease in the number of workers was recorded in the period from 2000 to 2005.
*Notes:
- Overall viết về xu hướng và thứ tự
- Body: thay đổi chủ ngữ đa dạng với 5 chủ ngữ
+ Đối tượng được xét: giá xăng trải qua 1 loạt biến động
+ Tên nước: Đức chứng kiến giá chuối dao động
+ Mốc thời gian: Giai đoạn 1995-2000
+ Hình dáng: 1 loạt các dao động dữ dội là đặc trưng của giá chuối ở Đức
+ There: There was an increase in…
B. VERBS AND NOUNS

Direction Verb Noun

(1) Went up An upturn

Increased An increase
Rose A rise
Grew A growth
Climbed A climb

(2) Boomed A boom

Leaped
skyrocketed
Surged A surge
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Direction Verb Noun

(3) Decreased A decrease

Dropped A drop
Declined A decline
Fell A fall

(4) Plunged A plunge

Slumped A slump
Dove A dive
Plummeted

(5) Did not change No change

Remained steady A leveling off
Leveled out A leveling out
Stayed constant

(6) Fluctuated A fluctuation

Varied A variation

(7) Peaked A peak

(8) Bottomed A bottom

C. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Degree Speed

Adj Adv Adj Adv

Dramatic Dramatically Rapid Rapidly

Steep Steeply Quick Quickly
Sharp Sharply Swift Swiftly
Huge Abrupt abruptly

Significant Significantly Steady Steadily

Remarkable Remarkably Moderate Moderately
Marked Markedly

Slight Slightly Slow Slowly

Small Gradual Gradually
Minimal Minimally
marginal Marginally

D. PREPOSITIONS

Preposition Followed by Example

Noun of An increase In + something A decrease of 5%

movements in the number of
A decrease Of + amount of
infants.
change

An upsurge From/to + old/new figure An upsurge from

1% to 20%

Verb of To rise By + amount of It rose by 5%

movements change

To fall From/to + old/new figure It fell from 6% to

1%

To peak/ start / At + figure/level It peaked at 5000

end

To fluctuate At around + range It fluctuated at

around 10 tons
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Preposition Followed by Example

Between per year.

USEFUL PHRASES

 showed an upward trend/ showed a downward trend

 hit the highest point/ hit the lowest point
 reached a peak/ showed some fluctuation/ fluctuated wildly
 remained stable/ remained static/ remained unchanged/ stayed constant
 reached a plateau/ levelled off/ flattened out
 Numbers:
- An increase of 25%
- Decreased by 10%
- Fell/ dropped from 200 in 200 units to 150 units in a period of 6 months.
- Rose sharply over a period of 5 years.
- Started at one third and peaked at three third.
 Prepositions: at/between/ on/ in/ by/ from – to/ of/ over/ during
 Phân biệt by – to

Consider whether the preposition is coming after the noun or the verb.
 There was an increase in the population after 1998.
 There was a population increase of 30% after 1998.
 The population increased by 20,000 after 1998.
 Sales of cars dropped from 30,000 units to 10,000 units over a 3 year period.
 Car sales saw a decrease from 30,000 units to 10,000 units over a 3 year period.
 Car sales increased from 10,000 units to 23,000 units over a 3 year period.
 The proportion of passengers dropped by just over 200.
 By 9 p.m. passenger numbers accounted for a little over/ slightly less than/ just
under 50.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Example sentences
- Sales of ice cream flattened out toward the end of the period.
- Sales of ice cream showed some fluctuation between 2000 and 2008.
- Car export figures hit the lowest point in 2014.
- The figure for CO2 emissions was the third highest among the four countries.
- Coal exports showed a downward trend throughout the 10 year period.
- The number of cars sold levelled off in the last part of the 20 year period.
- There was a substantial increase in the value of stocks on March 15th.
- The proportion of biofuels used in Germany in 2009 rose marginally from 30% to 32%.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

E. CONNECTING SENTENCES
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
1) Before/After + V-ing, S + V + adv
After declining rapidly, the number of cars increased remarkably.
2) S + V + adv, then more/less + adv
Only used for 2 movements in the same direction
The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, then more sharply in the next 6 years.
3) S + V1 + adv, but later/then + V2 + adv
Only used for 2 movements in the opposite directions
The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, but then went up sharply in the next 6 years.
4) There was a/an + adj1 + N1, which was followed by + a/an + adj2 + N2
There was a slight decline in the number of cars, which was followed by a sharp growth.
5) S + V + adv, V-ing … and then …
The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, remaining constant in the next 5 years and then grew
slightly at the end of the period.
F. COMPARISON LANGUAGE

Structure Example

X + experienced / witnessed + the greatest London experienced by far the greatest

changes in something changes in food prices over the period.

Both P and Q rate rose / fell + time, but Unemployment rates in both countries rose
the figures for P were significantly higher. over the period shown, but the figures for
the US were significantly higher.

The most + adj + N was seen in the X The most dramatic decrease was seen in
sector. the industrial sector.

The biggest change was seen in …, which The biggest change was seen in the
fell/rose + adv over the period. proportion of Internet users in the US,
which fell steadily over the period.

A much larger percentage / proportion of A much larger proportion of students

S + V …. in comparison with Y chose portable MP3 player in comparison
with adults and senior citizens.

The percentage of X was highest in … Of the three categories, the percentage of

Internet users was highest in the US.

Of the x items, S + V + the most … Of the 6 items, consumers spent the most
money on laptops.

The X was the most + adj + type + time Football was the most common type of
hobbies from the late 1970’s onwards.

X accounted for / took up / occupied the Plants accounted for the largest proportion
largest proportion of Y. of electricity used.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Structure Example

There were more X than Y + Ving, figure A In 2003, there were more boys than girls
versus figure B. suffering obesity, over 700 thousand versus
about 650 thousand.

In a similar trend, S + also + V. In a similar trend, the rate of growth also

increased for Vietnam’s GDP.

The X rate rose / increased by …, but there From 1990 to 200, the employment rate in
was a much smaller rise/increase in Y. Yemen rose by 40%, but there was a much
smaller rise in the figure for Italy.

X + was triple + that of + Y Canada’s wheat production was triple that

of Vietnam.

Almost a% of S + V, compared to about b% Almost 80% of Canadians used the Internet

of S2 and only c% of S3 over the period, compared to about 60% of
Americans and only 50% of Mexicans.

Outnumbered / surpassed In the first 6 hours, the percentage of

people listening to radio outnumbered that
of viewers.

The figures for A and B were lower, at The figures for oil and gas were much
about x% and y% respectively. lower, at about 12% and 8% respectively.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

BAR CHART
COMPARISON STRUCTURE:

1) Superlative: A + be + the + adj-est/most adj/least adj + in (group)

Eg: The population of Germany was the greatest in 11 countries mentioned/given

2) Comparative

S1 + be + adj-er/more adj/less adj + than S2 with Number

Eg: The population of France with 65mil was higher than that of Italy with 60mil

There + be + more N/ fewer Ncp / less Nunc + Ving/Vp2 + than S2

Eg: There were more people in France living than (that) in Italy

More/Fewer/Less + N + Vpast + than S2

Eg: More people lived in France than in Italy

S1 + V1 while S2 + V2

Eg: The population of France was 65mil while that of Italy was 60mil

Notice: The population of France was higher than that of Italy with 65mil and 60mil respectively
(lần lượt)

3) Equalative

S1 + be + as adj as + S2

Eg: The population of Brazil was as high as that of Czech and Greece

There be as many Ncp/ as much Nunc + Ving/Vp2 as S2

Eg: There were as many people living in Brazil as in Czech and Greece

As many Ncp/ As much Nunc + Vpast + as + S2

S1 + be + the same as/similar to + S2

Eg: The population of Brazil was the same as that of Czech and Greece
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

PIE CHART
A. SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1) S(piece/portion) + accounted for/comprised + % + (of total)

occupied/constituted

made up/took up

Eg: Holiday accounted for 47% of the reasons international visitors coming to New Zealand.

2) There be + % + of total Ving/Vp2…

There were 47% of the reasons international visitors coming to NZ for holiday/because of holiday

2’) % (of total) + Ved

Eg: 47% of (the reasons) international visitors came to NZ for holiday.

3) Smax came first with % WHILE/ WHEREAS Smin came last with %

Eg: Holiday came first with 47% while other reasons except business and visiting people came last
with 11%

Or: Holiday came first while other reasons except business and visiting people came last with 47%
and 11% respectively.

B. LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE PERCENTAGES

From basic percentages… … to using it with comparisons and

different tenses

73% of people = a significant majority of X become the most important / prevalent /

people = approximately three quarters of popular … in 2000, … ing / accounting for
people almost 75% of …

66% of people = a large proportion of = Nuclear power became the most important
precisely two thirds of … fuel source in France in 2000, producing
almost 75% of the country’s electricity.

5% = an insignificant amount of … = a small Developing countries are expected to

fraction of … account for a bigger share of emissions in
2030, 68% compared to 48% in 1999.

Accounted for 35% of … X countries are projected to make up a

lower proportion, 43%, 9% down over the
period.

Occupied a good proportion of … X & Y made up a much lower proportion,

each producing (an estimated) 1 billion ton.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

From basic percentages… … to using it with comparisons and

different tenses

Made up just over a third of … X became the major producer in 2000.

Constituted 35% of …

35% of people chose …

The proportion of people who chose red

was 35%

Took up a large amount of …

Are estimated to take up the remaining 9%

PARAPHRASING PERCENTAGES:
IELTS writing task 1 vocabulary, paraphrasing numbers and statistics. (ieltsfocus.com)

 Four-fifths: 80%
 Three quarters: 75%
 Seven out of ten: 70%
 Just over half: 53%
 Two fifths: 40%
 Just over a third: 35%
 Just under a third: 30%
 One quarter: 25%
 A fifth: 20%
 Less than a fifth: 15%
 One in ten: 10% (used for people or objects)
 From two fifths to less than a fifth: From 40% to 15% (for trends graphs)

Example sentences:

- Around fourth fifths of university students stated that the library was the best place for their
research.
- Coal accounted for one-quarter of fossil fuels used as an energy source.
- One in ten people reported that they went to fast-food restaurants at least once a month.
- Just under a third of visitors stated that they were happy with the renovations in the
museum.
- Exports of semiconductors dropped from two fifths to less than a fifth in three years.

APPROXIMATION AND PROPORTION

 Just over a fifth – around 22%

 Mrs. Tata IELTS
 Just under a fifth – around 18%
 Slightly less than a quarter – 23%
 More than two fifths – around 42%
 Approximately half – 48%
 Around a fifth – 19%
 A large number of – around 70%
 A large proportion of – around 70%
 A significant proportion of – around 80%
 A small minority of – around 5 to 10%
 A small number/amount of – 5 to 10%
 An insignificant amount of – around 2%

Example sentences:

- Approximately half of all vehicles produced in Japan were exported.

- A large proportion of the population of Italy is under 65 years old.
- This figure increased but then dropped to slightly less than a quarter in 2011.
- The graph shows an insignificant amount of software was downloaded in the part of 2002.
- It can be seen from the table that around a fifth of all passengers used buses in the period
between 2012 and 2016.
- The pie chart shows that a large number of tourists visited Kyoto in the first part of 2015.

Practice 1:

1. According to the chart, (75%) three-quarters of imports came from China in 2015.
2. Tourists accounted for (80%) four-fifths of total visitors to Japan in 2016.
3. Production of TVs (50%) halved in the period between 2012 and 2016.
4. Mobile calls showed a gradual rise to (23%) slightly less than a quarter from 2000 to 2001.
5. (Around 70%) A large proportion of the population in Japan is expected to be over 60 years
old in 2019.

Practice 2: paraphrase the following sentences using fractions or the language of proportion.

1. 40% of people stated that comfort was a factor in driving to work.

 Two-fifths of people ….
2. The proportion of people stating that they cycled to work to reduce pollution stood at 30%.
 Just under a third of people stated that …
3. 11% of people said that driving to work was safer than cycling.
 Slightly more than one in ten people…
4. 15% of people stated that they cycled to work because they did not have to worry about
parking.
 Less than a fifth
5. 14% of those polled stated that the main factor for driving to work was to transport items.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
 Just under a fifth

VOCABULARY

1. NUMBER
- Number (v)
- The number of (n)
- Outnumber (v)

Example sentences:

- Cars produced in Japan number around 9 million units at present.

- Coal exports in the USA outnumbered steel exports throughout the whole period.
- The proportion of cars produced in Japan last year stood at around 9 million, outnumbering
the USA (7 million).
- The proportion of users on Facebook last year reached around 2 billion, outnumbering
Twitter which stood at 1.5 billion users.
2. Comprised/ accounted for
- Energy production in France comprised 6% of hydropower and 24% of nuclear power in
2010.
- In 2010, hydropower and nuclear power accounted for 6% and 24% of energy production in
France respectively.
3. Total
- Total (v)
- In total (np)
- The total number/amount of (n)

Example sentences

- The number of cars produced in Japan totalled around 9 million last years.
- The total number of cars produced in Japan stood at around 9 million last year.
- In total, 300,000 iphones were manufactured in the last quarter of 2016.
- The total amount of electricity produced in the first half of 2016 was around 2 million
kilowatts.
4. Amount
- Amount to (v)
- The amount of (n)

Example sentences

- The amount of electricity produced in Canada from hydroelectric power has risen sharply
since 2012.
- The amount of coal used in Australia doubled throughout the whole period.
- Car production in the USA amounted to around 250,000 vehicles in the first half of 2015.
- The cost of repairs amounted to $700.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
5. Figure
- The figure for people entering university reached a peak by 2014.
- The population figures for India rose by 12% over the two decades.
6. Period
- in a ten year period
- throughout the ten year period
- throughout the whole period
7. be made up of
8. be equal to that of
9. consist of
10. constitute
11. according to/ regarding the graph/ chart/ data/ diagram
12. by the end of the period/ by the end of the timeframe
13. stood at

Example sentences

- The figure for car imports in the UK comprised just over one-fifth. (21%)
- Figures for computer sales in France amounted to 59%.
- The figure for the employment rate in Spain represented 26%.
- The amount of rice exported from Vietnam accounted for just under half. (49%).
- The proportion of semiconductor imports to the EU totalled 64%.
- The number of car imports to Germany consisted of 31% by the end of the timeframe.
- The total number of doughnuts sold was equal to that of cupcake sales at approximately
41%.
- According to the graph, almost half of the population is made up of people under the age of
50.
- The figure for employment rates in the public sector constituted just under 40% by the end
of the period.
- The proportion of people that are at fast-food restaurants showed a sharp decline in 2019.
- According to the chart, students that studied math represents just over 23% with science
accounting for around 19%.
- Regarding the pie chart, the figure for tabacco sales saw a significant decrease in 2021,
comprising the lowest income of all.

Practice 1:

The proportion of/ the figure for/ outnumbered/ the whole 10 year period/ comprised/ the
number of/ accounted for

1. EU migrants accounted for around 90,000 in December 2012 and rose steadily until June
2016.
2. The number for EU rose steadily from December 2012 to June 2016.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
3. The figure of non EU migrants comprised slightly over 200,000 by September 2017.
4. Non EU migrants outnumbered EU migrants throughout the whole 10 year period.
5. The proportion of non EU migrants in December 2017 amounted to 200,000.

Practice 2: IELTS writing task 1 vocabulary for a higher band score. (ieltsfocus.com)

Accounted for/ the figures for/ outnumbered/ the figures/ the number of/ the proportion of/
amounted to

1. The proportion of EU citizens who arrived in the UK 12 months after Brexit amounted to
approximately 240,000.
2. The number of Non EU citizens that arrived in the UK a year prior to Brexit, outnumbered
those for the period of 12 months after the Brexit.
3. EU citizens who left the UK in the 12 months following the vote accounted for 123,000.
4. The figures for people leaving the UK before and after Brexit were almost equal.
5. Overall, more people arrived in the UK before Brexit compared to the year after the vote,
according to the figures.

Practice 3. Study the line graph and complete the following sentences.

1. The figure for visitors on cruise ships represented half a million by 2011.
2. The total number of visitors amounted to 3.5 million by the end of the timeframe.
3. The proportion of visitors who stayed on an island saw a levelling off from 2013 to 2015.
4. According to the graph, total visitor numbers saw a significant increase throughout the
period.
5. Regarding those who stayed on cruise ships, this figure witnessed some fluctuations from
2010 to 2013.
6. By the end of the period, the figure for visitors who stayed on cruise ships accounted for 2
million.
7. The proportion of visitors staying on an island numbered 1.5 million by the end of the
timeframe.
8. Overall, total visitors numbers saw a substantial climb throughout the given period
amounting to 3.5 million visitors by 2017.
9. By mid 2015, visitors that stayed on an island were equal to that of those who stayed on
cruise ships at just under 1.5 million.


 Mrs. Tata IELTS

COMPARISON
A. Comparison between sentences

In contrast The most popular form of holiday among the Welsh was self-catering
with over 60% choosing to cook for themselves. In contrast, only 5%
of the English chose this form of vacation and hotel accommodation
was much more popular at 48%

In comparison Almost 50% of the English, Scots, and Northern Irish chose to stay in a
hotel for their holiday. In comparison, staying in self-catering
accommodation was much less popular with around 10% of people
choosing this.

However The general pattern was for hotel accommodation to be the most
popular with around half people choosing it. The majority of the
Welsh, however, chose to stay in self-catering accommodation.

On the other It is clear that a majority of the British chose to stay in hotel for their
hand holiday. On the other hand, there was an exception to this because
over 50% of the Welsh opted for self-catering accommodation.

B. Comparison within sentences

While While there are 4 million miles of train lines in the UK, there are only 3
million in France.

Whereas Whereas the majority of the French prefer to travel to work by train,
only a small minority of the British do.

Although Although 15% of the French read novels, only 5% of the British do.

But Almost 25% of French females study maths with a private tutor, but
nearly 60% study English with one.

C. Comparison with More or Less/Fewer

Than 5% more/less/fewer girls chose to read books than go to the cinema.

Fewer/Less Fewer mobile phones were bought in 2013 than 2014.

Less oil was consumed in 2013 than 2014.

D. Quality your comparisons with Much / Far / Slightly or A Number

- Far fewer people chose to travel by train than by car. (Where’s the detail?)
-> 25% fewer people chose to travel by train than by car. (Better now we have detail and not just a
comparison)
E. Comparisons with most or least / fewest
When you are looking for details to include, the highest / lowest number is almost always
important
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
- The most popular form of entertainment in the UK was going to the cinema.
- The least common form of transport was taking a taxi.
F. Comparisons for similar numbers
Similar (to)
- The percentages of females and males who studied languages at university were very similar.
- A similar amount of gas and electricity was used domestically in homes.
The figures for 2012 were very similar to the figures for 2013.
The same as
- The percentage of females who studied at university in 2011 was almost exactly the same as in
2012.
G. Comparisons with differ / different / difference
Compare 2 things that are very different in number / amount
- The amount of time spent at home differed by almost 25% according to gender.
- There was a difference of over 25% in the amount of time males and females spent a home.
- The figure was very different among males, only half of whom watched television.
I. Comparisons by doing some calculations

A number + more / less / 5 million fewer units of gas were sold in 2014.
fewer

Twice - Twice as many people elected to use gas and not

electricity for cooking.
- Twice the amount of gas was used for cooking in this
period.

Three / Four times Four times as many people chose to heat their house
with electricity as with gas.

Half - Half the number of people chose to use gas as

electricity.
- Electricity was half as popular as gas for cooking.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

PROCESS
A. Some Notes
1) 2 types of Process and things to remember

Manufacturing process Use Passive Form BOTH USE PRESENT TENSE

Natural process Use Active Form

2) Sequencing Language

- The first stage is when …. + Clause - Next, / Then, / Afterwards, /

Subsequently, / After that, / Following that,
- The first step involves + V-ing At the next stage of the process, + Clause
- Firstly / Initially + Clause - At the fourth stage of the process,
- Finally / The process ends when

Example
- The third step is when the bricks are put in a cooling chamber.
- The process ends when the bricks are packaged and ready to be delivered to customers.
3) Synonyms: End = Culminate; At the same time = While = As = Simultaneously
B. Useful expressions for Introduction
- The diagram / process + illustrates / demonstrates / shows + the procedures / the various
stages / steps in producing + something.
- The diagram / process shows + how + something is / are manufactured / produced.
-> With example:
1/ A + shows / describes / illustrates + how + clause
E.g: The diagram below shows how salt is removed from sea water to make it drinkable.
2/ A + shows / describes / illustrates + noun
Note: Illustrate thường được dùng cho diagram để miêu tả 1 quá trình gì đó
E.g: The diagram illustrates the various stages in the desalination of seawater to make it suitable
for drinking.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

MAP
SENTENCE STRUCTURES TO DESCRIBE MAPS
1/ Chủ động: S (sự vật mới) + V (động từ miêu tả sự thay đổi) + O (sự vật cũ)
- A new stadium replaced a number of houses along the coast.
- Some factories took the place of many trees on the right bank of the river.
2. Bị động: O (sự vật cũ) + was/ were + PII (replaced/ removed/ demolished...+ by/ to make way
for/ to give way to + S (sự vật mới)
- The old shopping center was demolished to make way for several offices and a university.
- The industrial complex was extended towards the South.
2/ Time + witnessed / experienced / showed + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi)
- The period from 2000 to 2009 witnessed the replacement of the western residential area by a
new shopping centre.
- The 2000s experienced the extension of the industrial complex towards the South.
3/ There + be + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi) + something
- There was an appearance of a cinema in place of the art centre in the west of the village.
- There was an extension of the industrial complex towards the South over the nine-year period.
4) Direction + witness / experience / show + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi)
- The west of the lake side witnessed the appearance of a cinema in place of the art centre.
5) Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
- The derelict warehouse which was situated in the north of the lakeside near the old town was
knocked down to give way to a car park.
6) Câu ghép chính phụ
- While the old town was demolished, there was an appearance of several offices and a university
in the 2000s.

1. Các dạng biểu đồ hay gặp

 Mrs. Tata IELTS
Các dạng biểu đồ đều có một đặc điểm chung, chúng đều đại diện cho các con số. Nhiệm vụ của bạn là phải mô
tả lại các con số đó.

Có bốn loại biểu đồ bạn cần phải mô tả:

Biểu đồ đường (Line graph) Biểu đồ tròn (Pie chart)

Bảng (Tables)
Biểu đồ cột (Bar graph)

2. Cách lựa chọn những thông tin chính

a. Lựa chọn thông tin cho phần overview

Trong phần này, giám khảo muốn đánh giá khả năng chọn lọc những điểm nổi bật nhất xuất hiện trong biểu đồ.
Những đặc điểm này bao gồm:

- Đặc điểm về xu hướng: tăng hay giảm?

- Đặc điểm về độ lớn: cao nhất? thấp nhất? thay đổi nhiều nhất?

Lưu ý: Không đưa số liệu cụ thể!

Ví dụ:

Internet Users as Percentage of Population

 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Xu hướng:

- Đặc điểm về xu hướng: số người sử dụng Internet đều tăng ở các quốc gia

- Đặc điểm về độ lớn: Canada và USA là hai nước có người sử dụng Internet lớn hơn so với Mexico, trong đó ở
Canada là nhiều nhất.

Sample Overview:

It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each country over the period
shown. Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison
with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage. (Nguồn: ielts-simon.com)

b. Lựa chọn thông tin cho phần Body

Phần lớn các thí sinh khi đi thi đều cảm thấy khó khăn khi phải chọn ra thông tin cần thiết để viết vào bài. Vì vậy,
các bạn cần phải biết lựa chọn ưu tiên. Đề bài yêu cầu chúng ta “select main features” – chọn ra những đặc
điểm chính. Do đó, chung ta cần chọn ra 2-3 đặc điểm nổi bật và tập trung mô tả những đặc điểm đó.

Những chi tiết mà ta cần đưa vào trong bài đó là:

- High/low values – giá trị cao nhất/thấp nhất

- Erratic values – giá trị bất thường

- Biggest increase/decrease – tăng giảm nhiều nhất

- Volatile data – các số liệu biến động

- Unchanging data – các số liệu không thay đổi

- Biggest majority/minority – phần lớn nhất/nhỏ nhất (biểu đồ tròn)

- Major trends – các xu hướng chính

- Notable exceptions – những trường hợp ngoại lệ đáng lưu ý

Ví dụ:

Internet users as Percentage of Population

 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Đặc điểm chính:

- Giá trị thấp nhất: Vào năm 1999, số lượng người dùng internet ở cả ba nước đều thấp, ở Mỹ là 20%, Canada và
Mexico thấp hơn với tỉ lệ lần lượt là 10% và 5%.

- Xu hướng chính tăng lên: Đến năm 2005, lượng người dùng tang lên ở cả 3 nước, mở Mỹ và Canada chiếm
70% dân số, trong đó ở Mexico chiếm 25%

- Giá trị cao nhất: Đến năm 2009, số người dùng Internet của Canada chiếm 90% dân số, trong khi ở Mỹ và
Mexico là 80% và 40%

Sample Body:

In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20%. The figures for Canada and
Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5% respectively. In 2005, Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose
to around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25%.

By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada. Almost 100% of Canadians used the Internet,
compared to about 80% of Americans and only 40% of Mexicans. (Nguồn: ielts-simon.com)

Tips for table!

Đối với dạng bài có liên quan đến bảng, các thí sinh thường gặp khó khăn hơn trong việc đưa ra thông tin chính
bởi bảng chứa rất nhiều con số. Dưới đây là một số tips giúp các bạn giải quyết các bài về bảng:

- Trước khi viết, hãy tìm ra những con số nổi bật, hãy chọn ra số lớn nhất của mỗi tiêu chí trong bảng (ví dụ ở
mỗi cột, mỗi hàng)

- Nếu trong bảng có đề cập về thời gian, tìm ra con số lớn nhất qua các năm

- Trong phần overview, phân tích và so sánh các tiêu chí theo các hàng và cột

- Trong phần body, các bạn không bao giờ được mô tả từng tiêu chí mà hãy chọn số liệu lớn nhất và thấp nhất
ở từng tiêu chí và so sánh chúng với nhau.

Ví dụ:

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in
2002.

Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002

 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Overview:

- Food/Drinks/Tobacco là lĩnh vực có lượng chi tiêu cao nhất

- Leisure/Educatin là lĩnh vực có lượng chi tiêu thấp nhất

Sample overview:

It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco.
On the other hand, the leisure/education category has the lowest percentages in the table. (Nguồn: ielts-
simon.com)

Body:

- Ireland và Turkey hai nước có lượng chi tiêu trong lĩnh vực food/drinks/tobacco nhiều nhất. Turkey cũng là
nước dẫn đầu về chi tiêu trong lĩnh vực leisure/education trong khi Italy là nước dẫn đầu về chi tiêu trong lĩnh
vưc clothing/footwear.

- Sweden là nước có chi tiêu thấp nhất trong hai lĩnh vực food/drinks/tobacco và clothing/footwear. Spain là
nước có chi tiêu thấp nhất về leisure/eduction.

Body Sample:

Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably higher in Turkey, at
32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%. The proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in
Turkey, at 4.35%, while expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in Italy, at 9%, than in any
of the other countries.

It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer expenditure for
food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly
higher figures for these categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%. (Nguồn: ielts-
simon.com).

3. Dạng khác: Biểu đồ kết hợp

Một dạng biểu đồ khác mà ta hay gặp trong Writing Task 1, đó chính là dạng biểu đồ kết hợp, dạng bài có nhiều
hơn một biếu đồ.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

i. NHỮNG LỖI THƯỜNG GẶP KHI LÀM DẠNG BÀI BIỂU ĐỒ KẾT HỢP

- Viết quá nhiều thông tin

Cách khắc phục: chọn ra hai đặc điểm nổi bật nhất từ mỗi biểu đồ và chỉ tập trung mô tả về hai điểm đó. Vì đề
bài yêu cầu “summerise” – tóm tắt và “report main features” – báo cáo những ý chính , do đó việc chúng ta viết
hết các thông tin là sai.

- Không thể tìm thấy các điểm nổi bật

 Mrs. Tata IELTS
Cách khắc phục: nhìn vào hình ảnh mà không cần nhìn vào số liệu. Ngoài ra các bạn cũng nên tìm ra các giá trị
lớn nhất, nhỏ nhất, xu hướng, thay đổi chính, và so sánh giữa hai biểu đồ hoặc trong cùng một biểu đồ.

- So sánh không đúng chỗ

Cách khắc phục: Nếu như không tìm thấy một sự so sánh nổi bật nào giữa hai biểu đồ, bạn hoàn toàn có thể bỏ
qua. Và lưu ý rằng chúng ta có thể so sánh số liệu trong cùng một biểu đồ.

ii. TIPS LÀM BÀI BIỂU ĐỒ KẾT HỢP

1. Cấu trúc làm bài bao gồm: introduction, overview, và chia hai đoạn body dành cho mỗi biểu đồ

2. Nếu như đơn vị khác nhau chúng ta không nên so sánh

3. Nếu có cùng đơn vị chúng ta có thể so sánh

5. Nếu có nhiều hơn hai biểu đồ, ta có thể so sánh các biểu đồ

Ví dụ:

The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and
the marital status of adult Americans in two of the years.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Sample Answer:
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
The first bar chart shows changes in the number of marriages and divorces in the USA, and the second chart
shows figures for the marital status of American adults in 1970 and 2000.

It is clear that there was a fall in the number of marriages in the USA between 1970 and 2000. The majority of
adult Americans were married in both years, but the proportion of single adults was higher in 2000.

In 1970, there were 2.5 million marriages in the USA and 1 million divorces. The marriage rate remained stable
in 1980, but fell to 2 million by the year 2000. In contrast, the divorce rate peaked in 1980, at nearly 1.5 million
divorces, before falling back to 1 million at the end of the period.

Around 70% of American adults were married in 1970, but this figure dropped to just under 60% by 2000. At the
same time, the proportion of unmarried people and divorcees rose by about 10% in total. The proportion of
widowed Americans was slightly lower in 2000. (Nguồn: ielts-simon.com)

III. NỀN TẢNG NGỮ PHÁP

1. Từ vựng miêu tả xu hướng

Xu hướng Verb Noun

Tăng Rise A rise

Increase An increase

Grow A growth

Climb A climb

Go up An upward trend

Giảm Fall A fall

Decrease A decrease

Reduce A reduction

Decline A decline

Go down A downward trend

Drop A drop

Duy trì ở mức độ ổn định Remain stable/steady Stability

Stabilize

Stay stable/unchanged

Dao động Fluctuate A fluctuation

Be volatile A volatility

Đạt mức cao nhất Hit the highest point

 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Reach a peak

Đạt mức thấp nhất Hit the lowest point

2. Từ vựng miêu tả tốc độ mức độ thay đổi

3. Cấu trúc câu mô tả sự thay đổi

Cấu trúc Ví dụ

GM car sales increased significantly from $5,000 to $105,000 between

S + v + adv + number + time period
1960 and 2010

There be + a/an + adj + noun + number + There was a significant increase of $100,000 in GM car sales, from
in + s + time period $5,000 to $105,000, between 1960 and 2010.

S + experienced/ saw + a/an +noun +GM car sales saw a significant growth in GM car sales, from $5,000 to
number + time period $105,000, between 1960 and 2010.

4. Cấu trúc câu so sánh

Cấu trúc Ví dụ

Prices in the UK are high compared to/with prices in

Compared to/with
Canada and Australia.

Prices in the UK are high in comparison to/ with prices in

In comparison to/with Canada and Australia

There are 5 million smokers in the UK, while / whereas only

2 million Canadians and 1 million Australians smoke.
While/ Whereas/Although
Between 1990 and 2000, the number of smokers in the UK
decreased dramatically, while / whereas the figures for
 Mrs. Tata IELTS

Canada and Australia remained the same.

Although the Middle East produced 100 tons oil, Japan

produced none.

The Middle East produces high levels of oil; however, Japan

produces none.

The USA produces large amounts of natural gas. In contrast,

However/In contrast/ On
South Korea produces none.
the other hand
European countries make great use of solar power. On the
other hand, most Asian countries us this method of power
generation very little.

5. Các cấu trúc so sánh khác

 Developing countries are more reliant on alternative energy production than developed countries.
 Solar power accounts for far less of the total energy production than gas or coal does.
 Hydropower is not as efficient as wind power.
 Like Japan, South Korea does not produce any natural gas.
 The Middle East produces twice as much oil as
 Western countries consume three times more oil than the Middle East.
 Russia consumes slightly more oil than Germany.
 The UAE produced the same amount of oil as Saudi Arabia.

6. Cách sử dụng giới từ

Khi mô tả số liệu và các đặc điểm, các giới từ như “to”, “by”, “with”, và “at” có vai trò rất quan trọng trong câu.
Dưới đây là cách sử dụng các giới từ này trong bài viết, các bạn cùng tham khảo nhé:
1. Dùng giới từ “to” khi mô tả sự thay đổi đến mức nào đó

Ví dụ: In 2018, the rate of unemployment rose to 10%

1. Dùng giới từ “by” khi mô tả sự thay đổi một khoảng nào đó

Ví dụ: In 2009, the rate of unemployment fell by 2% (from 10% to 8%)

1. Dùng giới từ “with” để mô tả phần trăm, số lượng chiếm được

Ví dụ: He won’t the election with 52% of the vote

1. Dùng giới từ “at” để thêm con số vào cuối câu

Ví dụ: Unemployment reached its highest point in 2008, at 10%.

IV. BÀI TẬP

1. Nhìn vào biểu đồ dưới đây và mô tả sự thay đổi sử dụng các từ và cụm từ sau:
1. mild fluctuations
2. a peak
3. a period of instability
4. a significant increase
5. a partial growth
6. a record high
7. figures climbing back
8. a marked rise
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
9. a dramatic decrease
10. a period of slight volatility
11. a leveling out
12. a sharp decline
13. a plateau
14. figures remaining constant

2. Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng giới từ phù hợp:

For, At, On, To, In, By, From, Between, Of, Up, Down, With, And, During

1. ……… 1990 ……… 2000, there was a drop ……… 15%.

2. GM car sales peaked ……… 2,000 in 1999.
3. The chart shows a decline ……… 35% ……… the bird population.
4. There has been a significant increase ……… the number of people aged over eighty.
5. There have been dramatic cuts ……… the level of spending on the elderly, reaching a low …… 11%.
6. Profits rose ……… a low of 4.5 million to a high of 8 million in 2008.
7. Canada and Australia’s wheat exports fluctuated ……… 5 million and 6 million respectively.
8. There were significant improvements ……… healthcare ……… 1980.
9. The statistics show a reduction ……… 20% ……… energy costs as a result ……… the measures.
10. Profits fell ……… 10%, from 2,000 to 1,800 in 1970s.
11. The radio station experienced a fall ……… 36,000 listeners to a total audience ……… 2.1 million.
12. The number of students fell ……… a low of 1,500 in the second half of the year.
13. Cases of AIDS shot ……… from 2,400 in 1996 to 4,000 in 2004.
14. Demand reached a peak ……… 45,000 in early March.
15. The number of cars sold remained unchanged in 1999 ……… three million.
16. Students do between three ……… four hours homework a night.
17. The number of accidents ……… 1999 was slightly higher than that of 2000.
18. The figure rose steadily ……… the four years between 1997 ……… 2001.
19. Oil production rose dramatically at first but then leveled out ……… $70 a barrel.
20. There was an increase ……… 50,000 between 1990 and 1992.
21. ……… 1994 ……… 1997, sales rose steadily ……… over 20,000.
22. DVD sales peaked ……… 60,000 ……… 1992 but then decreased ……… about 10,000 over the next two years.
23. In the year 2000, sales started ……… 10,000. In the first month, there was a rise ……… around 2,000.
24. After some fluctuations, sales in 2000 reached their peak ……… just over 15,000, a rise ……… 5,000 since the
beginning of the year. Sales increased ……… over 10,000 between 1994 and 1997, but then dropped ……… more
than 10,000 …………… 1997 and 1999.
25. In 2008, the rate of unemployment rose …… 10%.
26. In 2008, the rate of unemployment rose …… 10%, from 2,000 to 2,200 cases.
27.There was a slight rise …… the number of men employed.
28. Experts expect there to be a fall …… approximately 30% over the next decade.
29. The introduction ……… DVDs led to a decline ……… 20% ……… video sales.
30. The figures show a drop ……… 5% ……… student numbers.
31. The health service program spent a total ……… $2.5 billion on staffing …… April 2002.
 Mrs. Tata IELTS
32. The survey hopes to track trends ……… consumer spending.
33. In 2009, the rate of unemployment fell ……… 2% (from 10% to 8%).
34. He won the election ……… 52% of the vote.
35. Unemployment reached its highest level ……… the year 2008 ……… 10%.
36. ……… 2002, the cost of an average house in the UK was around £130,000. ……… 2007, the average house
price had risen ……… almost £190,000, but it fell back ……… just under £150,000 ……… 2008.
37. Japan ……… two gold medals and a silver one stood ahead of the US ……… one gold and one bronze medal
……… 1968.