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Fil Ed 321 Chapter 3 - this is a handout of lectures

Technology for Teaching and Learning 1 (University of Southern Mindanao)

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pw
Using Open-Ended Tools in Facilitating
Chapter 3
Language Learning

Intended Learning Outcomes:At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:

1. Identify uses of Productivity software applications in the teaching-learning of

Language.
2. Recall experiences in using Productivity software applications as a Language Learner.
3. Explore samples of documents, presentations and spreadsheets that were used in
delivering learning plans for Languages.

3.1 Productivity Software Application for Language Teaching and learning

The common productivity tools that you may have used are:
o Word processing software
o Spreadsheets
o Presentations

Open-ended Tools and their Uses in Teaching and Learning Language Skills

Open-ended tools or productivity software applications are ICT tools, which help
the teachers and the learners make their learning together concrete, efficient,
encouraging, and meaningful.

In any teaching-earning process, the use of these tools plays a vital role as it helps
meet the demands of the learners in the 21st Century characteristics to be able to meet
the demands of the 21st Century Learners. These characteristics in the context of language
teaching are briefly presented for teachers to:

1. create learner-centered classroom and make instruction personalized because

learners have different personalities, goals, and needs;
2. facilitate the students9 productivity skills so they can produce, when assisted and
given the chance, movies that are helpful to enhance their language proficiency;
3. learn new technologies since technology keeps on developing and learning a tool
once is not an option for teachers;
4. go global to allow students to learn languages, culture, and acquire
communication skills virtually;
5. be smart and allow the use of devices as aids to language acquisition;
6. do blogging. This will give teachers real experience to see the value of writing for
real audience and establishing their digital presence;

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7. go digital to help promote the <go paperless== advocacy and to help level up the
language learning experience of the students through digital discussions and alike;
8. collaborate with other educators and students to give opportunity for the sharing
great ideas beyond a conversation and paper copy;
9. use web chats to share research and ideas and stay updated in the field;
10. connect with like-minded individuals through using media tools like the social
media;
11. introduce Project-Based Learning to allow students to develop their driving
questions, conduct research, contact experts, and create their projects for sharing
with the use of existing devices present;
12. build positive digital footprint that aims to model appropriate use of social
media, produce and publish valuable content, and create shareable resources.
13. code as it is today9s literacy which helps boost students9 writing skills as the
feeling of writing a page with HTML is amazing;
14. innovate to expand their teaching toolbox for the sake of their students by
engaging social media for discussions and announcements and using new
formats like TED Talks in presenting their lessons; and
15. keep learning.

To be able to demonstrate the characteristics of an ICT-engaged classroom and

teacher cited above, it is appropriate to discuss how the various productivity
software applications can be used in the language.

A. Using Word in Scaffolding Student Learning in a Language Classroom

To appreciate the value of Word Applications in scaffolding student

learning, we have to explore how these are maximized by teachers. In education,
scaffolding is used to refer to various forms of support given to assist, guide, or
facilitate the learning process (Word Links, 2008).

Examples of scaffolding for learning that are usually prepared using Word
Applications are the following:

1. Learning Plans
2. Assessment tools
3. Templates and forms
4. Graphic organizers

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I. Creating Learning Plans Using Word Application

1. Department of Education (DepEd)
The Department of Education of the Philippines requires teachers to develop
and submit their lesson plan. With the help of Word Application, the teachers are
assisted to develop it with ease and with the provision to edit and update it.

Name of Teacher
Subject
Grade/Section
Teaching Date and Time
I. OBJECTIVES
Content Standards
Performance
Standards
Learning
Competencies/ Specific
objectives:
CONTENT/SUBJECT MATTER:
LEARNING RESOURCES

IV. PROCEDURE
Preliminary Activities
A. Reviewing previous
lesson or presenting
the new Lesson
B. Establishing a
purpose for the lesson
C. Presenting
examples/ instances of
new lesson
D. Discussing new
concepts and practicing
new skills
F. Developing Mastery
G. Finding practical
applications of
concepts and skills in
daily living (Valuing)
H. Making
Generalization and
Abstraction about the
lesson
I. Evaluating learning
J. Additional Activities
for Application or
Remediation
V. REMARKS

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VI. REFLECTION

No. of learners who earned 80% in the evaluation

No. of Learners who scored below 80% who need additional
activities for remediation
Did the remedial lessons worked? No. of learners who have
caught up
with the lesson
No. of learners who continue to require remediation
What teaching strategies worked well? Why did these work?
What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or superior
can help me solve?
What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I
Wish to share with other teachers?
Personal Insights:

2. Intel Tech Unit Plan

The Intel Tech Program has this template for its Unit Plan (Intel Corporation,
2007).
Unit Overview

Unit Title

Unit Summary

Curriculum Links

Year Level

Curriculum-Framing Questions

Essential Question

Unit Questions

Content Questions

Assessment Plan

Assessment Timeline

Before learning While students work on After learning activities

activities begin learning activities end

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Brainstorming Brainstorming Survey

KWL chart Multimedia Rubric Student quiz
Teacher Conference Research Questioning
Questioning Teacher conference Rubrics - Products
Questioning Online student folio
Group Plan Reflection
Wiki Rubric Evaluation
Letter/E-mail Product/unit
Kyoto Research Presentation
Student checklist of completed
tasks
Student feedback
Anecdotal notes
Blog Rubric
Debate/Forum
Newsletter

Assessment Summary

Unit Details

Prerequisite Skills

Approximate Time Needed

Unit Foundation
Standards/Syllabus Outcomes

Teaching and Learning Activities

Accommodations for Diverse Needs

Students with
Special Needs
English as a
Second
Language (ESL)
Students
Gifted Students
Indigenous
Groups
Materials and Resources Required for Unit

Technology – Hardware (Click boxes of all equipment needed)

Camera Laser Disk VCR
X Computer(s) Printer Video Camera
Digital Camera X Projection System Video Conferencing
X DVD Player Scanner Equip.
X Internet Connection Television Other

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Technology – Software (Click boxes of all software needed)

X Web Page/wiki
X Database/Spreadsheet
Development
Desktop Publishing Image Processing
X Word Processing
E-mail Software X Internet Web Browser
X Other Digital Learning
Encyclopedia on CD- X Multimedia
Objects
ROM

Internet
Resources/
Communication
Tools
Other Resources

II. Preparing Process Guides and Graphic Organizers using Word Processing Software
Applications
3. Graphic organizers integrate both text and visuals. This has been scientifically
proven to be an effective way of teaching and learning. Using them can be extremely
useful for both teachers and students as they will make lessons more engaging as well as
easily comprehensible.

Benefits of graphic organizers

Different types of graphic organizers can be used across the curriculum for
teaching, learning, and note-taking. They are easy to create and impactful in simplifying
information.

✓ Help visualize or present information in a way that is easier to comprehend, by

breaking down larger or complex concepts or ideas into smaller and simpler parts.
✓ Provide students the opportunity to actively contribute and participate in the
learning process through the creation of graphic organizers.
✓ Help develop cognitive skills such as brainstorming, critical and creative thinking,
categorizing and prioritizing content, reflection, etc.
✓ Help recall prior knowledge about a subject and quickly connect it to new
information
✓ Promotes self-learning. By using graphic organizers for note-taking, analyzing,
studying, etc. students can familiarize themselves with a lesson far more easily.
✓ Listed below are the multiple types of graphic organizers you can use during various
scenarios, whether you are reading, writing, doing research or studying for exams.
Each tool is accompanied by a template that you can use right away.

A. Graphic Organizers for Writing

1. Sequence Chart
A sequence graphic organizer is a tool that helps visualize the order of steps of a
process or a timeline of events, etc. It can also be used for note-taking, lesson planning,
and essay writing.

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How to use it
Step 1: Identify the steps in the process or event.
Step 2: Using a sequence chart, arrange these steps in sequential order.

Sequence Graphic Organizer

B. Graphic Organizers for Reading

1. Story map

A story map can be used to identify the different elements such as characters,
character plots, themes, techniques, etc. in a book student are reading. It9s a useful tool
that teachers can integrate into the lesson to improve students9 comprehension.

How to use it
Step 1: Read the book and understand it well.
Step 2: Discuss the different significant elements that were involved in the story. These
could be the characters, setting, problem and solution, etc. You can fill the story map
during the discussion.
Step 3: Once the map is complete you can discuss each element individually.

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Story Map Graphic Organizer

2. Frayer Model
The Frayer Model is a graphical organizer used for word analysis and vocabulary
building. This four-square model prompts students to think about and describe the
meaning of a word or concept by . . .
✓ Defining the term,
✓ Describing its essential characteristics,
✓ Providing examples of the idea, and
✓ Offering non-examples of the idea.

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This strategy stresses understanding words within the larger context of a reading
selection by requiring students, first, to analyze the items (definition and characteristics)
and, second, to synthesize/apply this information by thinking of examples and non-
examples.

Steps to the Frayer Model:

✓ Explain the Frayer model graphical organizer to the class. Use a common word to
demonstrate the various components of the form. Model the type and quality of
desired answers when giving this example.
✓ Select a list of key concepts from a reading selection. Write this list on the chalkboard
and review it with the class before students read the selection.
✓ Divide the class into student pairs. Assign each pair one of the key concepts and have
them read the selection carefully to define this concept. Have these groups complete
the four-square organizer for this concept.
✓ Ask the student pairs to share their conclusions with the entire class. Use these
presentations to review the entire list of key concepts.

3. 5 W’s Chart
Name: ___________________________ Date:________________________

True Experience Story Idea

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Who?

What?

When?

Where?

Why?

© Thoughtful Learning (From the minilesson Writing a 5 W9s Story)

C. Graphic Organizers for Learning

1. T chart
T charts allow students to study two facets of a topic. For example, disadvantages
and advantages, pros and cons, differences and similarities, etc.
How to use it
Step 1: Draw a T chart and write down the two areas you want to brainstorm around on
each column head.
Step 2: Write down facts on each column as you carry out your brainstorming.

T Chart Graphic Organizer

D. Graphic Organizers for Brainstorming
1. Cause and effect graphic organizer
This type of graphic organizer shows the causes and effects of an event. The
cause is the reason why something has happened, and effect is the result of what has

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happened. Visualization helps clearly understand the different cause and effect
relationships.

How to use it:

✓ Using a cause and effect graphic organizer, identify the causes and effects related to
the problem you are studying or writing about. There could be several models of
cause-and-effect events, such as one cause leading to one effect or multiple effects,
or multiple causes leading to one effect or multiple effects.
o One cause leading to several effects
o Several causes leading to one effect (You can use a fishbone diagram
here)
o Each cause having one related effect
o One cause triggering another cause that leads to another

Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer

E. Graphic Organizers for Compare and Contrast

1. Double bubble map
The double bubble map is one of the popular thinking maps. It is much like a
Venn diagram and is used to identify similar and different qualities between two things.

How to use it:

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Step 1: Write down the two ideas/ topics you are comparing in the two bubbles in the
center.
Step 2: As you brainstorm and analyze the topic, write down the differences in the
bubbles radiating from the center.
Step 3: Write down the similarities in the bubbles that are common to both topics.

Double Bubble Map Template

2. Venn diagram
Another graphic organizer that helps you visually represent a comparison of
differences and similarities between two subjects, is the Venn diagram. What makes it
different from the double bubble map is that it can include more than two topics and one
common area.
How to use it:
It works similar to the double bubble map.
Step 1: Write down the topics being compared on the top of each circle.
Step 2: Writ down the differences or unique characteristics inside its own sector avoiding
the overlapping area.
Step 3: List the similarities in the common area.

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Venn Diagram Template

A. Using presentations in Teaching Language Skills

Language teachers can use computers to create visually and audibly appealing
presentations that utilize a variety of media tools. By using presentation software
applications, students can also develop their project outputs and reports to be able to
share in the class or in the World Wide Web. Both teachers and students can learn variety
of skills in the process of planning, developing, presenting, and evaluating their
presentations.
In language teaching and learning, presentation software applications have a lot
of uses. It can be used as a presentation tool in an innovative skill integration task, and
the other as a novel writing tool. In both cases, students can use language actively for
speaking, listening, reading and writing (Schcolnik & Kol, 1999(. While it is true that
presentation software is commonly used in business and other disciplines for
presentation, this is also a very powerful tool in the language classroom.
Presentations, allow language learners to experience a world of real language
environment and opportunity in language courses, i.e., Filipino, English, Mother Tongue
and Foreign Languages. For instance, presentation software applications allow language
learners to:
1. Present their language reports with audio, visual images and animations;
2. Develop and present their group projects using real-world visual presentations;

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3. Present charts, tables graphics, charts, and others that are useful to facilitate
students9 understanding of any language concepts;
4. Show data stored in graphic organizers that cannot be fully presented by
printed materials;
5. Develop digital stories or story books;
6. Show results of any survey, questionnaire and other forms of language
assessment activities;
7. Articulate and crystallize their ideas using the special features of presentation
software apps;
8. Experience language learning process through the integration of contents in
the presentation;
9. Enjoy developing their projects; thus, are highly involved;
10. Commit to the quality of their work, both content and form, because they
don9t only present what their classmates hear but what they also see;
11. Present information in condensed form and focusing on salient points
because of the limited area in slide presentations; hence, avoiding digression and
drifting;
12. Innovatively communicate their ideas and express themselves in ways they
feel comfortable.

In today's global village, listening, speaking and writing skills in English are
essential for communication. As a result, even though our courses focus on reading, we
consciously introduce tasks that activate all four language skills. "The fact that the learner
will eventually use the knowledge gained only for reading is largely irrelevant. What is of
most concern is how the learner can learn that knowledge most effectively. If the
effectiveness of the process can be enriched by the use of other skills, then that is what
should be done." (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987) The use of presentation software in a
friendly, non-threatening classroom atmosphere encourages use of all four language
(macro) skills.
1. Reading - In our courses, students first read a number of academic articles on
a topic of their choice, knowing that they will have to present their
conclusions in class. They analyze the articles critically, compare and contrast
the ideas presented, synthesize and evaluate. Finally, they select highlights
for inclusion in their presentations. This process is comparable to the process
students go through when reading in order to write a paper. In both cases,

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reading for the purpose of transmitting information requires clarification of

ideas and expression of those ideas in such a way that others will understand.
2. Writing - When composing slides, students have to condense the information
they have gathered so as to present only the main points. In this type of
'minimalistic' writing, key concepts and words have to be retained, while the
'chaff' is discarded. This information reduction process is in itself a difficult
but very profitable language task. While writing a minimal list of points on the
screen, students can organize a suitable sequence for the points and divide
the points into slides. At the same time, students need to take into
consideration slide layout. A slide cannot be too cluttered, the size of the font
has to be large enough, and the location of the elements on the screen has to
be balanced. All these forces students to re-read, re- evaluate and re-write
what they have written again and again.
3. Speaking - The material that students have read, organized and summarized
now has to be presented orally so as to convey a clear message to an audience
of peers. Just as they would in a purely oral presentation, students have to
'rehearse' the pronunciation of difficult words, time themselves, and make
sure that they have all the English lexicon needed for their speech. The added
value of computer presentations is that the repeated revisions of their slides
(to be seen by all of their peers) give students extensive exposure to the
content of their 'talk', helping them remember what they want to say and
giving them more self-confidence. Many students have had no experience
speaking in front of an audience in their native language. The computer mode
seems to minimize their tension and feeling of insecurity when having to
speak in English.
4. Listening -The class now listens to the oral presentation. Listening to a non-
native speaker is not easy, and visual elements facilitate comprehension. We
give the listeners a task requiring them to write down three new facts that
they learned about the subject and one question to ask the speaker at the
end of the presentation. When listening for a purpose, the listening is focused
and thus perhaps easier.

Other studies confirm that the use of presentation software facilitates the
acquisition of the four macro skills. Brooks and Gavin (2015) stressed that most teachers
recognize the spoken component of presenting, as students are required to speak when
giving their presentations. Moreover, they are required to research and plan out their

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presentation. In doing so, students are required to use their writing skills when they are
asked to give presentations that include some type of visual component. When they are
preparing for these presentations , students will have to write out the appropriate
information on their poster or in their PowerPoint slides.
Finally, students have the opportunity to practice their listening skills when they
act as the audience members for the other group9s presentations. If these students are
given a simple task to do during the presentation, or are expected to use the knowledge
disseminated through the presentation for a specific purpose, this will allow them to use
this opportunity to practice their listening skills. The communicative nature of
presentations also allows audience members to improve their listening skills more than
listening to a tape or a lecture would because they are able to confirm their understanding
by asking questions and interacting with the presenters.
In preparing language presentations, there are various factors that must be
considered to ensure that the language competencies are also developed and
demonstrated. The following are some guidelines that Brooks and Gavin (2015) shared in
designing presentations;

Basic Instructional Design in Preparing Presentations

1. Setting up the Presentation Class
It is not enough to simply tell students to go and do a presentation. Students have
to be taught skills involved in a giving presentation. This can include such things as when
to use eye contact, how to organize a presentation, how to connect with an audience,
how to use body language and manage time, and how to construct an effective
PowerPoint presentation. Since oral presentations involve multiple communication and
language skills, it is important to focus on the specific presentation skills that are needed
to present in front of others. These include things like voice projection, eye contact and
the use of gestures.

2. Organization of the Presentation

Proper organization of information is one of the most important competencies
that must be developed among students. Hence, before beginning to work on developing
presentation, it is important to understand the genre of oral presentation. There is a need
to learn how to separate the presentation into meaningful sections and present each
section separately to reduce the cognitive work that is required in the presentation.

3. Presentation Skills

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Developing oral presentation is very important to consider in developing oral

presentations to spend time to consider the macro and micro skills that are needed.
These micro level skills include the genre specific language items, such as the vocabulary
and grammar that students need to be successful in oral presentation. These items are
important to the students for two reasons. First of all, they allow students to be successful
when they are presenting in the class. Secondly, the language and grammar that students
learn in the course of giving a presentation will be useful for them in other situations that
involve spoken Filipino (Thornbury, 2005).

4. The Use of Visual Aids

Visual aids are important part of oral presentations because they provide support
for both the speakers and listeners during the presentation. Visual aids can be used to
give more details about the topic, help the audience members to understand what is
being said, and act as a concrete reminder of the message for both the audience and the
presenter. The type of visual aid used can vary depending on the topic of the presentation.
Visual aids help cater to different learning styles and some of the students who are not
savvy at paper written applications are motivated at using presentation software
applications. In language learning, it helps students who are comparatively weaker, at
acquiring a language to be motivated to participate in the presentation and become
valuable members of their groups, which helped to facilitate a more positive group
dynamics.

5. Performing Self-Reflections
The final stage of each oral presentation involves students writing self-reflection
of their presentation. Through this activity, writing skills are further enhanced together
with the ability of the students to do self-reflection.

B. Using Spreadsheets in Language Learning

Spreadsheets are very helpful in introducing some lessons in language courses.
Through spreadsheets, one can teach with tablets and charts, make a table and a graph,
compute students9 grades. Spreadsheet programs are not only beneficial to business and
mathematics courses but are also beneficial to language and history courses. Apart from
being built around a grid of cells that hold numerical data, it also contain text, dates, and
other content than can be presented in language courses for discussions.

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The following are essential ideas that teachers may consider when employing
spreadsheets in the language learning:
1. Reinforce learning scientific and mathematical languages that are also relevant in
language learning.
2. Add well-designed charts and tables to reports to enhance students9 non-verbal
reading skills.
3. Allow students to create their own charts, graphs, tables, and the like, to develop and
enhance their language and spatial skills.
4. Give students completed chart and see if they can reconstruct underlying worksheet.
This goes a long way toward helping them to understand the relationships between the
data and the chart.
5. Require that language reports and research papers contain some type of chart to help
support their findings. Encourage them to look for samples from the World Wide Web.
6. Let students explore websites that have table presentation for language teaching and
let them discuss how these were used to facilitate the acquisition of language
competencies.
7. Let the students look for charts in language learning materials like textbooks,
workbooks and others and discuss why these were used.
8. Teach the language and principle of financial literacy and management as it is also
important to learn these concepts in the context of purposive communication and like
skills.
9. Explain numerical concepts by showing the relationships between numbers and their
concrete representations in charts and graphs. As language teachers, this is needed to
understand language researches with quantitative designs.
10. Demonstrate how spreadsheets are useful in preparing assessment ad evaluation
tools for students9 performances.

As alternative, we could also use Microsoft word applications or programs to

present and save the prepared presentations. The following are some examples of the
programs:

Microsoft Word Alternatives (Investintech, 2020).

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per
1. Dropbox Paper is a free online word processor offered by the online cloud storage
provider. To start using it, you will need a Dropbox account. Once logged in, you get
full access to the online suite. The minimalist interface is very intuitive and its
simplicity allows you to focus on your content. You can also do a number of things
that go beyond creating a textual document. You can add rich media, such as audio,
video and images. Dropbox Paper also allows you to access apps that let you embed
Trello cards, YouTube videos or SlideShare decks. Other collaborative features
include document link-sharing, creating and assigning checklist items to members or
embedding one of your Dropbox documents. Dropbox Paper, overall, does an
excellent job at creating dynamic documents you can share and access online.

2. Office Online
For Microsoft Word and Office aficionados, the best possible free online
alternative for their document editing needs is definitely Word online, which comes
as part of the Office Online suite. Although free MS Word web app is not a full-
fledged version of its paid counterpart, it allows you to open, create and edit Word
documents online. Also, it offers some additional benefits of online software tools.
For example, the ability to access and see updates from co-authors to your docs
literally from anywhere in real time with only an Internet connection and the latest
2016 version. You can share and collaborate on documents. An equally alluring
feature of Office Online is its cross-platform compatibility. So, if you're a Chromebook
or Linux OS user, MS Word web app is the most elegant way to get access to
Microsoft's document editing features - for free!

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3. Google Docs allows you to create, collaborate and share documents,

spreadsheets, presentations, drawings and even forms. Google Docs is packed with
features, which can be further extended with various add-ons. While it will
automatically save the file online and store it there, you can also have the documents
published as a web page, downloaded or emailed as an attachment in Word, ODT,
PDF, plain text or RTF formats. You can invite collaborators to work on the document
with you or only allow others to view it without the ability to edit. And if you are
apprehensive of having to depend on the Internet connection for document
processing, don't worry. You can enable Google Docs offline access and keep editing
your documents even when you are disconnected from Internet. All it takes is a free
Google account.

4. Etherpad is an online document editor primarily intended for collaborative editing

in, as the site claims, "really real time". It's an open source, highly customizable tool
for online document collaboration with friends, fellow students and classmates, or
colleagues at work. One of its advantages, especially appealing to users who are
reluctant to use services which require email registration, is that there is no sign up
with Etherpad. All you need to do is start a new pad and share the link to it with your
collaborators. You can also invite them by email if you prefer. After that, you can start
working on the planned writing project together, in real-time, even if you are miles
apart.

5. Zoho offers around 20 free online applications including Writer for word
processing. You can link your Zoho account to your Google and Yahoo accounts, as
well. The Writer's interface shouldn't cause anyone problems as it is comfortably
familiar. When working online there's always the risk of losing data due to a lost
network connection, accidentally closing your browser or having your browser crash.
Luckily Zoho automatically saves your documents for you, as you finish typing. Zoho
Writer is well-equipped with features that allow you to work easily online: two-way
desktop sync, large file transfer, encryption, file recovery, two-step authentication,
in-app chat, and more. You can import and work with MS Word documents, allowing
you to insert images, and edit content as needed. Zoho Writer offers all the standard
text formatting and document creation features and can export to DOCX, ODF, PDF,
Latex, RTF, TXT and even HTML. It can plug into Echosign for digital signatures,
publish the document to a blog or make it public for all to see. Zoho Docs is
completely free to use.

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6. The Apache OpenOffice package actually includes six programs that all use the
same engine making them inherently the same and extremely easy to learn and use.
The 6 applications included in the Apache OpenOffice suite are: Writer (word
processor), Calc (spreadsheets), Impress (presentations), Draw (diagrams and
illustrations) and Base (database manipulation) and Math (mathematical equations).
Writer can even natively do some things that Word cannot, like open PDF files
without the addition of a plug-in or commercial add-on. As the software is open
source it is maintained by a large community meaning help and bug fixes are freely
available and quickly created. The downside to Writer is that it can only open DOCX
files without the ability to edit and save them. You can install this suite on Windows
XP to Windows 10, macOS and Linux.

7. LibreOffice is another open-source Microsoft Office alternative and a successor of

the OpenOffice.org project (in 2010, Oracle/Apache OpenOffice and LibreOffice
projects went separate ways). LibreOffice is distributed as a <monolithic software=
consisting of seven components: Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw, Base, Math, and Charts.
LibreOffice Writer is a free and powerful word processor available for Windows,
Linux, and Mac. This Microsoft Word alternative can edit and save DOCX file format
meaning that if you often collaborate on documents with Microsoft Office users,
LibreOffice Writer is your best choice. It offers multi-language support, a spelling and
grammar checker, ability to export in PDF and EPUB ebook format, AutoCorrect and
AutoComplete features, a lot of extensions and document templates, and more
regular updates and major and minor releases than Apache OpenOffice.

8. Jarte is based on Microsoft WordPad Engine, but is still free. There is a paid
version of the software that adds on some extra functionality, but the free version is
more than adequate and fully compatible with Word and WordPad documents.
Features include an ergonomic tabbed interface, small resource requirements,
portability, support for touchscreens, and quick loading time. It also has built-in spell
checking and can export to HTML and PDF files. Jarte allows you to insert images,
tables, hyperlinks and everything else that you have come to expect from Word. Jarte
contains no ads, trial periods or crippled features and is funded through user
purchases of the Jarte Plus version.

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9. WPS Office is a free document processing suite whose WPS Writer app will serve
you well as a Microsoft Word alternative. WPS Office 2016 Free can open and save
to a long list of popular file formats native to those applications like docx, doc, and
more. You can get the application in languages other than English: French, German,
Spanish, Portuguese, Polish and Russian. The suite has the same familiar look and
feel of MS Office with one exception--it has a tabbed viewing window, so you can
open more than one document at a time. And also, worth mentioning is WPS Cloud,
the company's cloud document storage service that offers up to 1GB of free storage
that you can use. This is perfect if you're trying to find a free Word alternative that's
not only scalable for teams, but can also be as collaborative and seamless as its
Microsoft counterpart.

10. SoftMaker FreeOffice is another great free suite that offers a full featured
Microsoft Word alternative. The suite's TextMaker application allows you to focus on
creating documents just as you would in MS Word. This suite offers up essential
editing features and even a handful of basic templates for creating and editing
documents. Tables, charts, shapes and graphics are available along with standard
text formatting options. This application provides you with everything you need. The
entire suite is available for Windows, Linux, and Android, so you can keep your
document processing tasks going even while away from your desktop.

3.2 Student sample projects using Open-ended tools

As the quality of authoring software increases and as you are exposed to online
learning, it is but proper for you as would-be facilitators of learning to explore and
understand some principles and guild to help your futures students author or write
digitally. Moreover, you may also facilitate some online language courses for any distance
learning or blended learning that require digital authoring.

Language Learning Via Web Publishing

Language skills can be fully developed by allowing students to communicate

through the internet. This may take place when the students or the class will be required
to post a story or other products on a bulletin board or web page.

There are two ways to contribute any authored documents to the World Wide
Web.

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First, with the advent of ready-made websites that are meant to invite and
encourage contributors to share their authored stories, research, commentaries, and the
like, students may publish their work by submitting their products to these websites.
Second, the students may create their own web pages because there are a lot of free apps
for web page development or they may place them on their institution9s official website.

To help you submit your authored products in an existing website, you may search
for these sites that are designed to highlight students9 researches, narratives, stories,
literary works, and other academic writings.

The following are examples of existing websites that inspires students to submit
their authored products. To be able to submit to these websites, it pays to explore their
web sites and pay attention to their submission guidelines.

1. Atavist

Atavist is a beautiful tool. It was founded in 2011 on the heels of what we once
called the "death of longform." As you can imagine, it's highly visual. It's a drag-and-drop
editor for creating beautiful online publications. You can view examples of what's possible
here. And it gets better—check out Atavist for Education.

For the Students: Students have total creative design power here. They can submit
assignments with visual flair. Get them doing presentations and online journaling with
this tool. It also supports bigger writing projects. If they're feeling ambitious, they can
promote and sell work if they wish.

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2. Calameo

If students are looking to do magazines, Calameo is the tool to use. It's an online
emagazine publishing tool that lets you add multimedia and personal branding to
anything you create. With one-click publishing, you can share it instantly. Websites, social
media, and more all integrate with Calameo.

For the Students: This is a great tool for learning about design and layout for magazines.
It's perfect for smaller writing projects, like a brochure or flyer design. Students writing
for the school paper can link to custom publications. They can even promote their own
series of e-magazine using Calameo.

3. Tikatok

This is a creative publishing studio for young children. K–6 kids will love Tikatok.
They can use it to publish digital and printed books of all kinds. Tikatok was designed
specifically for the K–6 classroom. It's media literacy-oriented and aligned with Common
Core.

For the Students: Kids can upload their own photos and drawings for their creations. They
can also take advantage of preloaded project templates for classroom lessons. Tikatok's
digital library contains lots of ideas to get kids inspired.

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4. Storybird

It's hard to find anything else on the Web quite like Storybird. It brings your words
and global artists' work together in amazing storybooks. Be sure to check out the section
for educators. Storybird is at work in hundreds of thousands of classrooms all over the
world. It's free for educators, now and forever. Take a look at what's possible with this
tool.

For the Students: Students can create storybooks, long chapter books, and poetry books
with Story bird. They also have a fund raising program for students to get into. This is a
great way to use creativity for raising money for great causes.

5. Lulu

LuLu was one of the first players that offered serious online publishing features.
They established themselves in 2002 and they're still going strong. They've greatly
expanded their interface over the last few years. Everything you need to know about
doing online publishing is right here. They offer tutorials, resources, guides, and more to
learn with.

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For the Students: LuLu is a great information database for self-publishing. They can create
all sorts of projects. These include print books, eBooks, photo books, and calendars. Check
out this article on how graduate students are even using LuLu for publishing a thesis.

6. Flipsnack

Flipsnack is a flip book creator. It's as simple as uploading a PDF file. It also
supports PNG and JPG files. It renders shareable interactive creations that can also include
multimedia. Flipsnack looks great across all online platforms and social media.

For the Students: This is a simple way to create and share a publication that has a unique
look and feel. Flipsnack lets students upload 3 publications of 15 pages each on their free
plan. Paid plans are quite reasonable and offer lots more features.

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7. Penzu

Online journaling is the focus of Penzu and it works well. Journaling is a great
writing and self-reflective exercise. With a free online tool like Penzu, it becomes more
appealing. The interface replicates an old leather-bound journal with lined paper. The
basic formatting features are everything you need to get started. Upload photos to your
journals too. You can also go pro for even more features.

For the Students: With Penzu Classroom, you can create class journals that can be graded
and managed. Students can also submit diary entries by email. They can even receive
comments from their teacher right inside the journal. Create and send assignments to
students with a due date, grading scheme, and more.

3.2.b Enhancing Language Skills through Digital Storytelling

Digital storytelling, the use of something digital while telling a story.

Stories that make use of photographs, videos, animation, sound, music and text.
Storytelling is the art of producing an existing story, or rather to master the art of creating.
Creating stories, creating moments, creating feelings.

Storytelling teaches students the skills they are learning in language, art & design
and computing, providing endless opportunities.

It gets students moving, exploring and interacting in the real world, both to create
stories and deliver them.

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Advantages of Digital Storytelling for students

1. Confidence

Digital storytelling for students is a great way to build a child9s confidence. Imagine
yourself as a child, haunted by the idea you have to perform in public. Well, recording
your performance on a mobile phone, playing it back with animation and effects for
classmates and teachers can be a much less daunting starting point. Creating something
on your own or in a group is equally a wonderful way to support self-esteem development
as students discover they really can come up with, as they deliver their own stories.

2. Creativity

Being creative helps to build invaluable life skills, from problem solving to self-
expression.

It gives students the chance to explore their own personality. Story creation in any
form is creative. It empowers the imagination, and digital storytelling opens up a range of
additional creative avenues.

<Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life’s coming attractions.=

- Albert Einstein

6 Examples of Storytelling Tools

Storytelling apps are aplenty. The landscape of educational tools is already vast,
but I9ll show you that there are storytelling apps aplenty as well: storytelling for teachers,
storytelling for students, you name it. Every app has its own functionalities and can be
used in both directions.

The following are some of the storytelling tools listed and described by Knapen
(2018).

1. Steller

https://steller.co/explore

This is a free storytelling application developed by Mombo Labs, which lets you

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create photo and video stories with an emphasis on design. - the next web.

Steller focuses on telling a story through pictures and text. The simple, yet
structured layout options allow even a beginner to produce a professional standard of
work.

By creating a story on Steller, the reader gets more engaged into what the
message truly is. People have the opportunity to create an experience that will stick in
people9s minds. It gives the chance to produce memories. Go out! Experience Steller and
start telling your stories!

2. Adobe Spark Page

https: //www.adobe.com/express/

Adobe Spark Page is a free online web page builder. No coding or design skills
needed. Create your own beautiful web story using videos, pictures and text. The
templates and layout options available are very modern, and are designed to present your
work in an elegant and engaging way, focusing on visual content.

The combination of its ease of use, ingenious functionality, and truly professional
results give it the potential to aid far more people than Photoshop ever will. On top of
having the maturity of a decade-old product, Adobe Spark is completely free.

2. WeVideo

https:/www.wevideo.com/

This company started in 2011, and has the goal of bringing its educational creative
toolbox to a broader global audience of students and educators.

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WeVideo wants to make video editing available for everyone. They make it
possible for friends, families, teachers, students and businesses small and large to create
incredible videos that inspire and above all motivate.

<WeVideo has deep roots in education and believes that creativity is driven by

what is inside the hearts and minds of people, not by complicated technology=.

3. Popplet

https://www.popplet.com/

Popplet, an iPad and web app, is a tool to capture and organize your ideas.
Students can for example use Popplet for learning. Used as a mind-map, it helps students
think and learn visually. Students can capture facts, thoughts, and images to structure
their stories.

5. Storybird

https://storybird.com/

Storybird not only gives you the simple tools to create books in minutes, the
application lets you discover an endless library of free books, picture books and poetry as
well. Storybird lets anyone make visual stories in seconds. The site mentions that they are
a storytelling community, rather than an application. For them, it9s more about creating
a creative world where anyone can tell their stories, as crazy as they get.

6. Bookcreator

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https://bookcreator.com/
Book Creator is an open- ended book creation app that unleashes creativity.
Create your own teaching resources, or have your students take the reins. Combine text,
images, audio and video to create: Interactive stories, digital portfolios, research journals,
poetry books, science reports, instruction manuals, 8About me9 book, comic adventures,

3.2.b Enhancing Language Skills through E-mail activities

Email activities are very good activities to develop language skills. Through some
e-mail activities that can be facilitated by the teacher, the students are given the
opportunity to practice and demonstrate their reading and writing skills. It may also
enhance further their research and ICT skills. Barron et.al (2002), were able to present the
following email activities that can be fully maximized to develop the various language
skills of students.

1. Pen pal Activities

This is the most common form of e-mails projects called electronic pen pals or
epals. Students can practice their written communication skills and can become aware of
other cultures and practice foreign language skills. This can be done through the
following:

a. Belouga

https://belouga.org/
Belouga was founded in 2017 with the mission of making education impactful and
accessible on a global scale through peer-to-peer and classroom connection,
communication and collaboration.

Realizing the rapidly changing landscape of technology and education, the team
looked to create a central location, which takes the heavy lifting out of global education,

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and provides teachers and students with a personalized learning experience through
community and content without sacrificing creativity or curriculum needs.

b. Pals

https://www.epals.com/#/connections
Is an education media company and the leading Global Learning Network. Focused
on the K-12 market, ePals offers school administrators, teachers, students and parents
worldwide trusted content, interactive learning experiences, and a collaborative learning
community.

c. Empatico

https://empatico.org/

Empatico empowers teachers and students to explore the world through

experiences that spark curiosity, kindness, and empathy.

2. Peer-to-peer Tutoring

Another form of electronic communication is peer-to-peer tutoring or

mentoring. By using e-mail communication, students will be provided with opportunities
to practice their mentoring skills apart from enhancing their language skills.

3. Ask an Expert

Email is a very powerful tool for students to use to engage the experts in the field
especially if the experts are far from their institution. They can engage the Ask an Expert
Website at http://www.askanexpert.com.

4. Round Robin Stories

In a round-robin approach, a participating class starts a story with one paragraph.

The story starter is sent to a predetermined class (class one sends its story, class two, and
so on). Students work in small groups to add a new paragraph to the story.

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Publication Requirements in the Light of Digital Age

While there is a ubiquity of productivity tools for students to maximize, it is your

responsibility as the facilitator of the learning process to ensure that your students will
be fully guided to observe several guidelines in publishing their products.

It must be noted that the development of high-quality digital learning products

and materials involves a complex combination of subject matter expertise, instructional
design knowledge, and technical skills- graphic design, photography, audio, video,
computer programming, etc. (Wilde, 2004).

With the engagement of all this, it is important to be mindful of the following:

A. Copyright law

Copyright law protects <works of authorship=. Hence it is very important for

teachers and students to learn more about copyrights laws and copyright acts to ensure
that there will be no copyright infringements that will happen in the process of authoring
of publishing materials offline or online.

According to FindLaw (2020), the Copyright Act states that works of authorship
include the following types of works:

▪ Literary works. Novels, nonfiction prose, poetry, newspaper articles and newspapers,
magazine articles and magazines, computer software, software documentation and
manuals, training manuals, manuals, catalogs, brochures, ads (text), and compilations
such as business directories

▪ Musical works. Songs, advertising jingles, and instrumentals.

▪ Dramatic works. Plays, operas, and skits.

▪ Pantomimes and choreographic works. Ballets, modern dance, jazz dance, and mime
works.

▪ Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works. Photographs, posters, maps, paintings,

drawings, graphic art, display ads, cartoon strips and cartoon characters, stuffed animals,
statues, paintings, and works of fine art.

▪ Motion pictures and other audiovisual works. Movies, documentaries, travelogues,

training films and videos, television shows, television ads, and interactive multimedia
works.

▪ Sound recordings. Recordings of music, sounds, or words.

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▪ Architectural works. Building designs, whether in the form of architectural plans,

drawings, or the constructed building itself. FindLaw (2020) further states that Copyright
law is important for multimedia developers and publishers for two reasons:

1. Original multimedia works are protected by copyright. The Copyright Act's exclusive
rights provision gives developers and publishers the right to control unauthorized
exploitation of their works.

2. Multimedia works are created by combining "content" - music, text, graphics,

illustrations, photographs, software - that is protected under copyright law. Developers
and publishers must avoid infringing copyrights owned by others.

B. Anti-Bullying Act of 2013

The Republic Act No. 10627 or also known as the Anti Bullying Act of 2013
addresses this concern among parents, teachers and even students who are considered
victims of bullying. The anti-bullying act ensures that these cases will no longer fall on
deaf ears. With the pervasiveness of bullying at schools, more and more parents are
concerned about their children9s safety since teachers are not always present to keep an
eye on students. Children are not safe from harm against bullies especially when they are
outside of the school9s premise. The growing number of bullying cases is already a cause
for alarm.

Bullying refers to any repeated or severe use by one or more students of a verbal,
electronic or written expression, or a physical gesture or act that can bring physical or
emotional harm to the victim. Bullying is also perceived as creating an unfriendly
environment for the other student that can cause disruption in the education process.

The following is considered acts of bullying:

a) Any unwanted physical contact between the victim and the bully such as pushing,
shoving punching, tickling, headlocks, slapping, teasing, fighting, inflicting school pranks
and the use of available objects or weapons;

b) Any act that can create damage to a victim9s emotional well-being;

c) Any accusation that can make the victim emotionally distressed such as profanity, foul
language, negative comments or derogatory remarks on the victim9s appearance, body
and clothes; and

d) Cyber-bullying or any type of bullying that is initiated with the use of technology or any
electronic means.

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C. Republic Act No. 10175

This Act shall be known as the <Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. This policy
declares that the State recognizes the vital role of information and communications
industries such as content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic
commerce, and data processing, in the nation9s overall social and economic development.

The State also recognizes the importance of providing an environment conducive

to the development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of
information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible
access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard
the integrity of computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and
databases, and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data
stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal access by making punishable
under the law such conduct or conducts. In this light, the State shall adopt sufficient
powers to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their detection,
investigation, and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels, and by
providing arrangements for fast and reliable international cooperation.

pw
Using Open-Ended Tools in Facilitating
Chapter 3
Language Learning

Intended Learning Outcomes:At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:

4. Identify uses of Productivity software applications in the teaching-learning of

Language.
5. Recall experiences in using Productivity software applications as a Language Learner.
6. Explore samples of documents, presentations and spreadsheets that were used in
delivering learning plans for Languages.

3.1 Productivity Software Application for Language Teaching and learning

The common productivity tools that you may have used are:
o Word processing software
o Spreadsheets
o Presentations

Open-ended Tools and their Uses in Teaching and Learning Language Skills

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Open-ended tools or productivity software applications are ICT tools, which help
the teachers and the learners make their learning together concrete, efficient,
encouraging, and meaningful.

In any teaching-earning process, the use of these tools plays a vital role as it helps
meet the demands of the learners in the 21st Century characteristics to be able to meet
the demands of the 21st Century Learners. These characteristics in the context of language
teaching are briefly presented for teachers to:

16. create learner-centered classroom and make instruction personalized because

learners have different personalities, goals, and needs;
17. facilitate the students9 productivity skills so they can produce, when assisted and
given the chance, movies that are helpful to enhance their language proficiency;
18. learn new technologies since technology keeps on developing and learning a tool
once is not an option for teachers;
19. go global to allow students to learn languages, culture, and acquire
communication skills virtually;
20. be smart and allow the use of devices as aids to language acquisition;
21. do blogging. This will give teachers real experience to see the value of writing for
real audience and establishing their digital presence;
22. go digital to help promote the <go paperless== advocacy and to help level up the
language learning experience of the students through digital discussions and alike;
23. collaborate with other educators and students to give opportunity for the sharing
great ideas beyond a conversation and paper copy;
24. use web chats to share research and ideas and stay updated in the field;
25. connect with like-minded individuals through using media tools like the social
media;
26. introduce Project-Based Learning to allow students to develop their driving
questions, conduct research, contact experts, and create their projects for sharing
with the use of existing devices present;
27. build positive digital footprint that aims to model appropriate use of social
media, produce and publish valuable content, and create shareable resources.
28. code as it is today9s literacy which helps boost students9 writing skills as the
feeling of writing a page with HTML is amazing;
29. innovate to expand their teaching toolbox for the sake of their students by
engaging social media for discussions and announcements and using new
formats like TED Talks in presenting their lessons; and

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30. keep learning.

To be able to demonstrate the characteristics of an ICT-engaged classroom and

teacher cited above, it is appropriate to discuss how the various productivity
software applications can be used in the language.

B. Using Word in Scaffolding Student Learning in a Language Classroom

To appreciate the value of Word Applications in scaffolding student

learning, we have to explore how these are maximized by teachers. In education,
scaffolding is used to refer to various forms of support given to assist, guide, or
facilitate the learning process (Word Links, 2008).

Examples of scaffolding for learning that are usually prepared using Word
Applications are the following:

5. Learning Plans
6. Assessment tools
7. Templates and forms
8. Graphic organizers

II. Creating Learning Plans Using Word Application

2. Department of Education (DepEd)
The Department of Education of the Philippines requires teachers to develop
and submit their lesson plan. With the help of Word Application, the teachers are
assisted to develop it with ease and with the provision to edit and update it.

Name of Teacher
Subject
Grade/Section
Teaching Date and Time
I. OBJECTIVES
Content Standards
Performance
Standards
Learning
Competencies/ Specific
objectives:
CONTENT/SUBJECT MATTER:
LEARNING RESOURCES

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IV. PROCEDURE
Preliminary Activities
A. Reviewing previous
lesson or presenting
the new Lesson
B. Establishing a
purpose for the lesson
C. Presenting
examples/ instances of
new lesson
D. Discussing new
concepts and practicing
new skills
F. Developing Mastery
G. Finding practical
applications of
concepts and skills in
daily living (Valuing)
H. Making
Generalization and
Abstraction about the
lesson
I. Evaluating learning
J. Additional Activities
for Application or
Remediation
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION

No. of learners who earned 80% in the evaluation

No. of Learners who scored below 80% who need additional
activities for remediation
Did the remedial lessons worked? No. of learners who have
caught up
with the lesson
No. of learners who continue to require remediation
What teaching strategies worked well? Why did these work?
What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or superior
can help me solve?
What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I
Wish to share with other teachers?
Personal Insights:

3. Intel Tech Unit Plan

The Intel Tech Program has this template for its Unit Plan (Intel Corporation,
2007).
Unit Overview

Unit Title

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Unit Summary

Curriculum Links

Year Level

Curriculum-Framing Questions

Essential Question

Unit Questions

Content Questions

Assessment Plan

Assessment Timeline

Before learning While students work on After learning activities

activities begin learning activities end

Brainstorming Brainstorming Survey

KWL chart Multimedia Rubric Student quiz
Teacher Conference Research Questioning
Questioning Teacher conference Rubrics - Products
Questioning Online student folio
Group Plan Reflection
Wiki Rubric Evaluation
Letter/E-mail Product/unit
Kyoto Research Presentation
Student checklist of completed
tasks
Student feedback
Anecdotal notes
Blog Rubric
Debate/Forum
Newsletter

Assessment Summary

Unit Details

Prerequisite Skills

Approximate Time Needed

Unit Foundation
Standards/Syllabus Outcomes

Teaching and Learning Activities

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Accommodations for Diverse Needs

Students with
Special Needs
English as a
Second
Language (ESL)
Students
Gifted Students
Indigenous
Groups
Materials and Resources Required for Unit

Technology – Hardware (Click boxes of all equipment needed)

Camera Laser Disk VCR
X Computer(s) Printer Video Camera
Digital Camera X Projection System Video Conferencing
X DVD Player Scanner Equip.
X Internet Connection Television Other
Technology – Software (Click boxes of all software needed)
X Web Page/wiki
X Database/Spreadsheet
Development
Desktop Publishing Image Processing
X Word Processing
E-mail Software X Internet Web Browser
X Other Digital Learning
Encyclopedia on CD- X Multimedia
Objects
ROM

Internet
Resources/
Communication
Tools
Other Resources

II. Preparing Process Guides and Graphic Organizers using Word Processing Software
Applications
3. Graphic organizers integrate both text and visuals. This has been scientifically
proven to be an effective way of teaching and learning. Using them can be extremely
useful for both teachers and students as they will make lessons more engaging as well as
easily comprehensible.

Benefits of graphic organizers

Different types of graphic organizers can be used across the curriculum for
teaching, learning, and note-taking. They are easy to create and impactful in simplifying
information.

✓ Help visualize or present information in a way that is easier to comprehend, by

breaking down larger or complex concepts or ideas into smaller and simpler parts.
✓ Provide students the opportunity to actively contribute and participate in the
learning process through the creation of graphic organizers.

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✓ Help develop cognitive skills such as brainstorming, critical and creative thinking,
categorizing and prioritizing content, reflection, etc.
✓ Help recall prior knowledge about a subject and quickly connect it to new
information
✓ Promotes self-learning. By using graphic organizers for note-taking, analyzing,
studying, etc. students can familiarize themselves with a lesson far more easily.
✓ Listed below are the multiple types of graphic organizers you can use during various
scenarios, whether you are reading, writing, doing research or studying for exams.
Each tool is accompanied by a template that you can use right away.

F. Graphic Organizers for Writing

2. Sequence Chart
A sequence graphic organizer is a tool that helps visualize the order of steps of a
process or a timeline of events, etc. It can also be used for note-taking, lesson planning,
and essay writing.
How to use it
Step 1: Identify the steps in the process or event.
Step 2: Using a sequence chart, arrange these steps in sequential order.

Sequence Graphic Organizer

G. Graphic Organizers for Reading

2. Story map

A story map can be used to identify the different elements such as characters,
character plots, themes, techniques, etc. in a book student are reading. It9s a useful tool
that teachers can integrate into the lesson to improve students9 comprehension.

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How to use it
Step 1: Read the book and understand it well.
Step 2: Discuss the different significant elements that were involved in the story. These
could be the characters, setting, problem and solution, etc. You can fill the story map
during the discussion.
Step 3: Once the map is complete you can discuss each element individually.

Story Map Graphic Organizer

2. Frayer Model

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The Frayer Model is a graphical organizer used for word analysis and vocabulary
building. This four-square model prompts students to think about and describe the
meaning of a word or concept by . . .
✓ Defining the term,
✓ Describing its essential characteristics,
✓ Providing examples of the idea, and
✓ Offering non-examples of the idea.

This strategy stresses understanding words within the larger context of a reading
selection by requiring students, first, to analyze the items (definition and characteristics)
and, second, to synthesize/apply this information by thinking of examples and non-
examples.

Steps to the Frayer Model:

✓ Explain the Frayer model graphical organizer to the class. Use a common word to
demonstrate the various components of the form. Model the type and quality of
desired answers when giving this example.
✓ Select a list of key concepts from a reading selection. Write this list on the chalkboard
and review it with the class before students read the selection.
✓ Divide the class into student pairs. Assign each pair one of the key concepts and have
them read the selection carefully to define this concept. Have these groups complete
the four-square organizer for this concept.
✓ Ask the student pairs to share their conclusions with the entire class. Use these
presentations to review the entire list of key concepts.

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3. 5 W’s Chart
Name: ___________________________ Date:________________________

True Experience Story Idea

Who?

What?

When?

Where?

Why?

© Thoughtful Learning (From the minilesson Writing a 5 W9s Story)

H. Graphic Organizers for Learning

2. T chart
T charts allow students to study two facets of a topic. For example, disadvantages
and advantages, pros and cons, differences and similarities, etc.
How to use it
Step 1: Draw a T chart and write down the two areas you want to brainstorm around on
each column head.

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Step 2: Write down facts on each column as you carry out your brainstorming.

T Chart Graphic Organizer

I. Graphic Organizers for Brainstorming
2. Cause and effect graphic organizer
This type of graphic organizer shows the causes and effects of an event. The
cause is the reason why something has happened, and effect is the result of what has
happened. Visualization helps clearly understand the different cause and effect
relationships.

How to use it:

✓ Using a cause and effect graphic organizer, identify the causes and effects related to
the problem you are studying or writing about. There could be several models of
cause-and-effect events, such as one cause leading to one effect or multiple effects,
or multiple causes leading to one effect or multiple effects.
o One cause leading to several effects
o Several causes leading to one effect (You can use a fishbone diagram
here)
o Each cause having one related effect
o One cause triggering another cause that leads to another

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Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer

J. Graphic Organizers for Compare and Contrast

3. Double bubble map
The double bubble map is one of the popular thinking maps. It is much like a
Venn diagram and is used to identify similar and different qualities between two things.

How to use it:

Step 1: Write down the two ideas/ topics you are comparing in the two bubbles in the
center.
Step 2: As you brainstorm and analyze the topic, write down the differences in the
bubbles radiating from the center.
Step 3: Write down the similarities in the bubbles that are common to both topics.

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Double Bubble Map Template

4. Venn diagram
Another graphic organizer that helps you visually represent a comparison of
differences and similarities between two subjects, is the Venn diagram. What makes it
different from the double bubble map is that it can include more than two topics and one
common area.
How to use it:
It works similar to the double bubble map.
Step 1: Write down the topics being compared on the top of each circle.
Step 2: Writ down the differences or unique characteristics inside its own sector avoiding
the overlapping area.
Step 3: List the similarities in the common area.

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Venn Diagram Template

C. Using presentations in Teaching Language Skills

Language teachers can use computers to create visually and audibly appealing
presentations that utilize a variety of media tools. By using presentation software
applications, students can also develop their project outputs and reports to be able to
share in the class or in the World Wide Web. Both teachers and students can learn variety
of skills in the process of planning, developing, presenting, and evaluating their
presentations.
In language teaching and learning, presentation software applications have a lot
of uses. It can be used as a presentation tool in an innovative skill integration task, and
the other as a novel writing tool. In both cases, students can use language actively for
speaking, listening, reading and writing (Schcolnik & Kol, 1999(. While it is true that
presentation software is commonly used in business and other disciplines for
presentation, this is also a very powerful tool in the language classroom.
Presentations, allow language learners to experience a world of real language
environment and opportunity in language courses, i.e., Filipino, English, Mother Tongue
and Foreign Languages. For instance, presentation software applications allow language
learners to:
13. Present their language reports with audio, visual images and animations;
14. Develop and present their group projects using real-world visual
presentations;

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15. Present charts, tables graphics, charts, and others that are useful to facilitate
students9 understanding of any language concepts;
16. Show data stored in graphic organizers that cannot be fully presented by
printed materials;
17. Develop digital stories or story books;
18. Show results of any survey, questionnaire and other forms of language
assessment activities;
19. Articulate and crystallize their ideas using the special features of presentation
software apps;
20. Experience language learning process through the integration of contents in
the presentation;
21. Enjoy developing their projects; thus, are highly involved;
22. Commit to the quality of their work, both content and form, because they
don9t only present what their classmates hear but what they also see;
23. Present information in condensed form and focusing on salient points
because of the limited area in slide presentations; hence, avoiding digression and
drifting;
24. Innovatively communicate their ideas and express themselves in ways they
feel comfortable.

In today's global village, listening, speaking and writing skills in English are
essential for communication. As a result, even though our courses focus on reading, we
consciously introduce tasks that activate all four language skills. "The fact that the learner
will eventually use the knowledge gained only for reading is largely irrelevant. What is of
most concern is how the learner can learn that knowledge most effectively. If the
effectiveness of the process can be enriched by the use of other skills, then that is what
should be done." (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987) The use of presentation software in a
friendly, non-threatening classroom atmosphere encourages use of all four language
(macro) skills.
5. Reading - In our courses, students first read a number of academic articles on
a topic of their choice, knowing that they will have to present their
conclusions in class. They analyze the articles critically, compare and contrast
the ideas presented, synthesize and evaluate. Finally, they select highlights
for inclusion in their presentations. This process is comparable to the process
students go through when reading in order to write a paper. In both cases,

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reading for the purpose of transmitting information requires clarification of

ideas and expression of those ideas in such a way that others will understand.
6. Writing - When composing slides, students have to condense the information
they have gathered so as to present only the main points. In this type of
'minimalistic' writing, key concepts and words have to be retained, while the
'chaff' is discarded. This information reduction process is in itself a difficult
but very profitable language task. While writing a minimal list of points on the
screen, students can organize a suitable sequence for the points and divide
the points into slides. At the same time, students need to take into
consideration slide layout. A slide cannot be too cluttered, the size of the font
has to be large enough, and the location of the elements on the screen has to
be balanced. All these forces students to re-read, re- evaluate and re-write
what they have written again and again.
7. Speaking - The material that students have read, organized and summarized
now has to be presented orally so as to convey a clear message to an audience
of peers. Just as they would in a purely oral presentation, students have to
'rehearse' the pronunciation of difficult words, time themselves, and make
sure that they have all the English lexicon needed for their speech. The added
value of computer presentations is that the repeated revisions of their slides
(to be seen by all of their peers) give students extensive exposure to the
content of their 'talk', helping them remember what they want to say and
giving them more self-confidence. Many students have had no experience
speaking in front of an audience in their native language. The computer mode
seems to minimize their tension and feeling of insecurity when having to
speak in English.
8. Listening -The class now listens to the oral presentation. Listening to a non-
native speaker is not easy, and visual elements facilitate comprehension. We
give the listeners a task requiring them to write down three new facts that
they learned about the subject and one question to ask the speaker at the
end of the presentation. When listening for a purpose, the listening is focused
and thus perhaps easier.

Other studies confirm that the use of presentation software facilitates the
acquisition of the four macro skills. Brooks and Gavin (2015) stressed that most teachers
recognize the spoken component of presenting, as students are required to speak when
giving their presentations. Moreover, they are required to research and plan out their

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presentation. In doing so, students are required to use their writing skills when they are
asked to give presentations that include some type of visual component. When they are
preparing for these presentations , students will have to write out the appropriate
information on their poster or in their PowerPoint slides.
Finally, students have the opportunity to practice their listening skills when they
act as the audience members for the other group9s presentations. If these students are
given a simple task to do during the presentation, or are expected to use the knowledge
disseminated through the presentation for a specific purpose, this will allow them to use
this opportunity to practice their listening skills. The communicative nature of
presentations also allows audience members to improve their listening skills more than
listening to a tape or a lecture would because they are able to confirm their understanding
by asking questions and interacting with the presenters.
In preparing language presentations, there are various factors that must be
considered to ensure that the language competencies are also developed and
demonstrated. The following are some guidelines that Brooks and Gavin (2015) shared in
designing presentations;

Basic Instructional Design in Preparing Presentations

6. Setting up the Presentation Class
It is not enough to simply tell students to go and do a presentation. Students have
to be taught skills involved in a giving presentation. This can include such things as when
to use eye contact, how to organize a presentation, how to connect with an audience,
how to use body language and manage time, and how to construct an effective
PowerPoint presentation. Since oral presentations involve multiple communication and
language skills, it is important to focus on the specific presentation skills that are needed
to present in front of others. These include things like voice projection, eye contact and
the use of gestures.

7. Organization of the Presentation

Proper organization of information is one of the most important competencies
that must be developed among students. Hence, before beginning to work on developing
presentation, it is important to understand the genre of oral presentation. There is a need
to learn how to separate the presentation into meaningful sections and present each
section separately to reduce the cognitive work that is required in the presentation.

8. Presentation Skills

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Developing oral presentation is very important to consider in developing oral

presentations to spend time to consider the macro and micro skills that are needed.
These micro level skills include the genre specific language items, such as the vocabulary
and grammar that students need to be successful in oral presentation. These items are
important to the students for two reasons. First of all, they allow students to be successful
when they are presenting in the class. Secondly, the language and grammar that students
learn in the course of giving a presentation will be useful for them in other situations that
involve spoken Filipino (Thornbury, 2005).

9. The Use of Visual Aids

Visual aids are important part of oral presentations because they provide support
for both the speakers and listeners during the presentation. Visual aids can be used to
give more details about the topic, help the audience members to understand what is
being said, and act as a concrete reminder of the message for both the audience and the
presenter. The type of visual aid used can vary depending on the topic of the presentation.
Visual aids help cater to different learning styles and some of the students who are not
savvy at paper written applications are motivated at using presentation software
applications. In language learning, it helps students who are comparatively weaker, at
acquiring a language to be motivated to participate in the presentation and become
valuable members of their groups, which helped to facilitate a more positive group
dynamics.

10. Performing Self-Reflections

The final stage of each oral presentation involves students writing self-reflection
of their presentation. Through this activity, writing skills are further enhanced together
with the ability of the students to do self-reflection.

D. Using Spreadsheets in Language Learning

Spreadsheets are very helpful in introducing some lessons in language courses.
Through spreadsheets, one can teach with tablets and charts, make a table and a graph,
compute students9 grades. Spreadsheet programs are not only beneficial to business and
mathematics courses but are also beneficial to language and history courses. Apart from
being built around a grid of cells that hold numerical data, it also contain text, dates, and
other content than can be presented in language courses for discussions.

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The following are essential ideas that teachers may consider when employing
spreadsheets in the language learning:
11. Reinforce learning scientific and mathematical languages that are also relevant in
language learning.
12. Add well-designed charts and tables to reports to enhance students9 non-verbal
reading skills.
13. Allow students to create their own charts, graphs, tables, and the like, to develop and
enhance their language and spatial skills.
14. Give students completed chart and see if they can reconstruct underlying worksheet.
This goes a long way toward helping them to understand the relationships between the
data and the chart.
15. Require that language reports and research papers contain some type of chart to help
support their findings. Encourage them to look for samples from the World Wide Web.
16. Let students explore websites that have table presentation for language teaching and
let them discuss how these were used to facilitate the acquisition of language
competencies.
17. Let the students look for charts in language learning materials like textbooks,
workbooks and others and discuss why these were used.
18. Teach the language and principle of financial literacy and management as it is also
important to learn these concepts in the context of purposive communication and like
skills.
19. Explain numerical concepts by showing the relationships between numbers and their
concrete representations in charts and graphs. As language teachers, this is needed to
understand language researches with quantitative designs.
20. Demonstrate how spreadsheets are useful in preparing assessment ad evaluation
tools for students9 performances.

As alternative, we could also use Microsoft word applications or programs to

present and save the prepared presentations. The following are some examples of the
programs:

Microsoft Word Alternatives (Investintech, 2020).

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per
11. Dropbox Paper is a free online word processor offered by the online cloud storage
provider. To start using it, you will need a Dropbox account. Once logged in, you get
full access to the online suite. The minimalist interface is very intuitive and its
simplicity allows you to focus on your content. You can also do a number of things
that go beyond creating a textual document. You can add rich media, such as audio,
video and images. Dropbox Paper also allows you to access apps that let you embed
Trello cards, YouTube videos or SlideShare decks. Other collaborative features
include document link-sharing, creating and assigning checklist items to members or
embedding one of your Dropbox documents. Dropbox Paper, overall, does an
excellent job at creating dynamic documents you can share and access online.

12. Office Online

For Microsoft Word and Office aficionados, the best possible free online
alternative for their document editing needs is definitely Word online, which comes
as part of the Office Online suite. Although free MS Word web app is not a full-
fledged version of its paid counterpart, it allows you to open, create and edit Word
documents online. Also, it offers some additional benefits of online software tools.
For example, the ability to access and see updates from co-authors to your docs
literally from anywhere in real time with only an Internet connection and the latest
2016 version. You can share and collaborate on documents. An equally alluring
feature of Office Online is its cross-platform compatibility. So, if you're a Chromebook
or Linux OS user, MS Word web app is the most elegant way to get access to
Microsoft's document editing features - for free!

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13. Google Docs allows you to create, collaborate and share documents,
spreadsheets, presentations, drawings and even forms. Google Docs is packed with
features, which can be further extended with various add-ons. While it will
automatically save the file online and store it there, you can also have the documents
published as a web page, downloaded or emailed as an attachment in Word, ODT,
PDF, plain text or RTF formats. You can invite collaborators to work on the document
with you or only allow others to view it without the ability to edit. And if you are
apprehensive of having to depend on the Internet connection for document
processing, don't worry. You can enable Google Docs offline access and keep editing
your documents even when you are disconnected from Internet. All it takes is a free
Google account.

14. Etherpad is an online document editor primarily intended for collaborative editing
in, as the site claims, "really real time". It's an open source, highly customizable tool
for online document collaboration with friends, fellow students and classmates, or
colleagues at work. One of its advantages, especially appealing to users who are
reluctant to use services which require email registration, is that there is no sign up
with Etherpad. All you need to do is start a new pad and share the link to it with your
collaborators. You can also invite them by email if you prefer. After that, you can start
working on the planned writing project together, in real-time, even if you are miles
apart.

15. Zoho offers around 20 free online applications including Writer for word
processing. You can link your Zoho account to your Google and Yahoo accounts, as
well. The Writer's interface shouldn't cause anyone problems as it is comfortably
familiar. When working online there's always the risk of losing data due to a lost
network connection, accidentally closing your browser or having your browser crash.
Luckily Zoho automatically saves your documents for you, as you finish typing. Zoho
Writer is well-equipped with features that allow you to work easily online: two-way
desktop sync, large file transfer, encryption, file recovery, two-step authentication,
in-app chat, and more. You can import and work with MS Word documents, allowing
you to insert images, and edit content as needed. Zoho Writer offers all the standard
text formatting and document creation features and can export to DOCX, ODF, PDF,
Latex, RTF, TXT and even HTML. It can plug into Echosign for digital signatures,
publish the document to a blog or make it public for all to see. Zoho Docs is
completely free to use.

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16. The Apache OpenOffice package actually includes six programs that all use
the same engine making them inherently the same and extremely easy to learn and
use. The 6 applications included in the Apache OpenOffice suite are: Writer (word
processor), Calc (spreadsheets), Impress (presentations), Draw (diagrams and
illustrations) and Base (database manipulation) and Math (mathematical equations).
Writer can even natively do some things that Word cannot, like open PDF files
without the addition of a plug-in or commercial add-on. As the software is open
source it is maintained by a large community meaning help and bug fixes are freely
available and quickly created. The downside to Writer is that it can only open DOCX
files without the ability to edit and save them. You can install this suite on Windows
XP to Windows 10, macOS and Linux.

17. LibreOffice is another open-source Microsoft Office alternative and a

successor of the OpenOffice.org project (in 2010, Oracle/Apache OpenOffice and
LibreOffice projects went separate ways). LibreOffice is distributed as a <monolithic
software= consisting of seven components: Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw, Base, Math,
and Charts. LibreOffice Writer is a free and powerful word processor available for
Windows, Linux, and Mac. This Microsoft Word alternative can edit and save DOCX
file format meaning that if you often collaborate on documents with Microsoft Office
users, LibreOffice Writer is your best choice. It offers multi-language support, a
spelling and grammar checker, ability to export in PDF and EPUB ebook format,
AutoCorrect and AutoComplete features, a lot of extensions and document
templates, and more regular updates and major and minor releases than Apache
OpenOffice.

18. Jarte is based on Microsoft WordPad Engine, but is still free. There is a paid
version of the software that adds on some extra functionality, but the free version is
more than adequate and fully compatible with Word and WordPad documents.
Features include an ergonomic tabbed interface, small resource requirements,
portability, support for touchscreens, and quick loading time. It also has built-in spell
checking and can export to HTML and PDF files. Jarte allows you to insert images,
tables, hyperlinks and everything else that you have come to expect from Word. Jarte
contains no ads, trial periods or crippled features and is funded through user
purchases of the Jarte Plus version.

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19. WPS Office is a free document processing suite whose WPS Writer app will
serve you well as a Microsoft Word alternative. WPS Office 2016 Free can open and
save to a long list of popular file formats native to those applications like docx, doc,
and more. You can get the application in languages other than English: French,
German, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish and Russian. The suite has the same familiar
look and feel of MS Office with one exception--it has a tabbed viewing window, so
you can open more than one document at a time. And also, worth mentioning is WPS
Cloud, the company's cloud document storage service that offers up to 1GB of free
storage that you can use. This is perfect if you're trying to find a free Word alternative
that's not only scalable for teams, but can also be as collaborative and seamless as
its Microsoft counterpart.

20. SoftMaker FreeOffice is another great free suite that offers a full featured
Microsoft Word alternative. The suite's TextMaker application allows you to focus on
creating documents just as you would in MS Word. This suite offers up essential
editing features and even a handful of basic templates for creating and editing
documents. Tables, charts, shapes and graphics are available along with standard
text formatting options. This application provides you with everything you need. The
entire suite is available for Windows, Linux, and Android, so you can keep your
document processing tasks going even while away from your desktop.

3.2 Student sample projects using Open-ended tools

As the quality of authoring software increases and as you are exposed to online
learning, it is but proper for you as would-be facilitators of learning to explore and
understand some principles and guild to help your futures students author or write
digitally. Moreover, you may also facilitate some online language courses for any distance
learning or blended learning that require digital authoring.

Language Learning Via Web Publishing

Language skills can be fully developed by allowing students to communicate

through the internet. This may take place when the students or the class will be required
to post a story or other products on a bulletin board or web page.

There are two ways to contribute any authored documents to the World Wide
Web.

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First, with the advent of ready-made websites that are meant to invite and
encourage contributors to share their authored stories, research, commentaries, and the
like, students may publish their work by submitting their products to these websites.
Second, the students may create their own web pages because there are a lot of free apps
for web page development or they may place them on their institution9s official website.

To help you submit your authored products in an existing website, you may search
for these sites that are designed to highlight students9 researches, narratives, stories,
literary works, and other academic writings.

The following are examples of existing websites that inspires students to submit
their authored products. To be able to submit to these websites, it pays to explore their
web sites and pay attention to their submission guidelines.

1. Atavist

Atavist is a beautiful tool. It was founded in 2011 on the heels of what we once
called the "death of longform." As you can imagine, it's highly visual. It's a drag-and-drop
editor for creating beautiful online publications. You can view examples of what's possible
here. And it gets better—check out Atavist for Education.

For the Students: Students have total creative design power here. They can submit
assignments with visual flair. Get them doing presentations and online journaling with
this tool. It also supports bigger writing projects. If they're feeling ambitious, they can
promote and sell work if they wish.

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2. Calameo

If students are looking to do magazines, Calameo is the tool to use. It's an online
emagazine publishing tool that lets you add multimedia and personal branding to
anything you create. With one-click publishing, you can share it instantly. Websites, social
media, and more all integrate with Calameo.

For the Students: This is a great tool for learning about design and layout for magazines.
It's perfect for smaller writing projects, like a brochure or flyer design. Students writing
for the school paper can link to custom publications. They can even promote their own
series of e-magazine using Calameo.

3. Tikatok

This is a creative publishing studio for young children. K–6 kids will love Tikatok.
They can use it to publish digital and printed books of all kinds. Tikatok was designed
specifically for the K–6 classroom. It's media literacy-oriented and aligned with Common
Core.

For the Students: Kids can upload their own photos and drawings for their creations. They
can also take advantage of preloaded project templates for classroom lessons. Tikatok's
digital library contains lots of ideas to get kids inspired.

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4. Storybird

It's hard to find anything else on the Web quite like Storybird. It brings your words
and global artists' work together in amazing storybooks. Be sure to check out the section
for educators. Storybird is at work in hundreds of thousands of classrooms all over the
world. It's free for educators, now and forever. Take a look at what's possible with this
tool.

For the Students: Students can create storybooks, long chapter books, and poetry books
with Story bird. They also have a fund raising program for students to get into. This is a
great way to use creativity for raising money for great causes.

5. Lulu

LuLu was one of the first players that offered serious online publishing features.
They established themselves in 2002 and they're still going strong. They've greatly
expanded their interface over the last few years. Everything you need to know about
doing online publishing is right here. They offer tutorials, resources, guides, and more to
learn with.

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For the Students: LuLu is a great information database for self-publishing. They can create
all sorts of projects. These include print books, eBooks, photo books, and calendars. Check
out this article on how graduate students are even using LuLu for publishing a thesis.

6. Flipsnack

Flipsnack is a flip book creator. It's as simple as uploading a PDF file. It also
supports PNG and JPG files. It renders shareable interactive creations that can also include
multimedia. Flipsnack looks great across all online platforms and social media.

For the Students: This is a simple way to create and share a publication that has a unique
look and feel. Flipsnack lets students upload 3 publications of 15 pages each on their free
plan. Paid plans are quite reasonable and offer lots more features.

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7. Penzu

Online journaling is the focus of Penzu and it works well. Journaling is a great
writing and self-reflective exercise. With a free online tool like Penzu, it becomes more
appealing. The interface replicates an old leather-bound journal with lined paper. The
basic formatting features are everything you need to get started. Upload photos to your
journals too. You can also go pro for even more features.

For the Students: With Penzu Classroom, you can create class journals that can be graded
and managed. Students can also submit diary entries by email. They can even receive
comments from their teacher right inside the journal. Create and send assignments to
students with a due date, grading scheme, and more.

3.2.b Enhancing Language Skills through Digital Storytelling

Digital storytelling, the use of something digital while telling a story.

Stories that make use of photographs, videos, animation, sound, music and text.
Storytelling is the art of producing an existing story, or rather to master the art of creating.
Creating stories, creating moments, creating feelings.

Storytelling teaches students the skills they are learning in language, art & design
and computing, providing endless opportunities.

It gets students moving, exploring and interacting in the real world, both to create
stories and deliver them.

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Advantages of Digital Storytelling for students

1. Confidence

Digital storytelling for students is a great way to build a child9s confidence. Imagine
yourself as a child, haunted by the idea you have to perform in public. Well, recording
your performance on a mobile phone, playing it back with animation and effects for
classmates and teachers can be a much less daunting starting point. Creating something
on your own or in a group is equally a wonderful way to support self-esteem development
as students discover they really can come up with, as they deliver their own stories.

2. Creativity

Being creative helps to build invaluable life skills, from problem solving to self-
expression.

It gives students the chance to explore their own personality. Story creation in any
form is creative. It empowers the imagination, and digital storytelling opens up a range of
additional creative avenues.

<Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life’s coming attractions.=

- Albert Einstein

6 Examples of Storytelling Tools

Storytelling apps are aplenty. The landscape of educational tools is already vast,
but I9ll show you that there are storytelling apps aplenty as well: storytelling for teachers,
storytelling for students, you name it. Every app has its own functionalities and can be
used in both directions.

The following are some of the storytelling tools listed and described by Knapen
(2018).

4. Steller

https://steller.co/explore

This is a free storytelling application developed by Mombo Labs, which lets you

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create photo and video stories with an emphasis on design. - the next web.

Steller focuses on telling a story through pictures and text. The simple, yet
structured layout options allow even a beginner to produce a professional standard of
work.

By creating a story on Steller, the reader gets more engaged into what the
message truly is. People have the opportunity to create an experience that will stick in
people9s minds. It gives the chance to produce memories. Go out! Experience Steller and
start telling your stories!

2. Adobe Spark Page

https: //www.adobe.com/express/

Adobe Spark Page is a free online web page builder. No coding or design skills
needed. Create your own beautiful web story using videos, pictures and text. The
templates and layout options available are very modern, and are designed to present your
work in an elegant and engaging way, focusing on visual content.

The combination of its ease of use, ingenious functionality, and truly professional
results give it the potential to aid far more people than Photoshop ever will. On top of
having the maturity of a decade-old product, Adobe Spark is completely free.

5. WeVideo

https:/www.wevideo.com/

This company started in 2011, and has the goal of bringing its educational creative
toolbox to a broader global audience of students and educators.

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WeVideo wants to make video editing available for everyone. They make it
possible for friends, families, teachers, students and businesses small and large to create
incredible videos that inspire and above all motivate.

<WeVideo has deep roots in education and believes that creativity is driven by

what is inside the hearts and minds of people, not by complicated technology=.

6. Popplet

https://www.popplet.com/

Popplet, an iPad and web app, is a tool to capture and organize your ideas.
Students can for example use Popplet for learning. Used as a mind-map, it helps students
think and learn visually. Students can capture facts, thoughts, and images to structure
their stories.

5. Storybird

https://storybird.com/

Storybird not only gives you the simple tools to create books in minutes, the
application lets you discover an endless library of free books, picture books and poetry as
well. Storybird lets anyone make visual stories in seconds. The site mentions that they are
a storytelling community, rather than an application. For them, it9s more about creating
a creative world where anyone can tell their stories, as crazy as they get.

6. Bookcreator

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https://bookcreator.com/
Book Creator is an open- ended book creation app that unleashes creativity.
Create your own teaching resources, or have your students take the reins. Combine text,
images, audio and video to create: Interactive stories, digital portfolios, research journals,
poetry books, science reports, instruction manuals, 8About me9 book, comic adventures,

3.2.b Enhancing Language Skills through E-mail activities

Email activities are very good activities to develop language skills. Through some
e-mail activities that can be facilitated by the teacher, the students are given the
opportunity to practice and demonstrate their reading and writing skills. It may also
enhance further their research and ICT skills. Barron et.al (2002), were able to present the
following email activities that can be fully maximized to develop the various language
skills of students.

1. Pen pal Activities

This is the most common form of e-mails projects called electronic pen pals or
epals. Students can practice their written communication skills and can become aware of
other cultures and practice foreign language skills. This can be done through the
following:

a. Belouga

https://belouga.org/
Belouga was founded in 2017 with the mission of making education impactful and
accessible on a global scale through peer-to-peer and classroom connection,
communication and collaboration.

Realizing the rapidly changing landscape of technology and education, the team
looked to create a central location, which takes the heavy lifting out of global education,

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and provides teachers and students with a personalized learning experience through
community and content without sacrificing creativity or curriculum needs.

b. Pals

https://www.epals.com/#/connections
Is an education media company and the leading Global Learning Network. Focused
on the K-12 market, ePals offers school administrators, teachers, students and parents
worldwide trusted content, interactive learning experiences, and a collaborative learning
community.

c. Empatico

https://empatico.org/

Empatico empowers teachers and students to explore the world through

experiences that spark curiosity, kindness, and empathy.

2. Peer-to-peer Tutoring

Another form of electronic communication is peer-to-peer tutoring or

mentoring. By using e-mail communication, students will be provided with opportunities
to practice their mentoring skills apart from enhancing their language skills.

3. Ask an Expert

Email is a very powerful tool for students to use to engage the experts in the field
especially if the experts are far from their institution. They can engage the Ask an Expert
Website at http://www.askanexpert.com.

4. Round Robin Stories

In a round-robin approach, a participating class starts a story with one paragraph.

The story starter is sent to a predetermined class (class one sends its story, class two, and
so on). Students work in small groups to add a new paragraph to the story.

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Publication Requirements in the Light of Digital Age

While there is a ubiquity of productivity tools for students to maximize, it is your

responsibility as the facilitator of the learning process to ensure that your students will
be fully guided to observe several guidelines in publishing their products.

It must be noted that the development of high-quality digital learning products

and materials involves a complex combination of subject matter expertise, instructional
design knowledge, and technical skills- graphic design, photography, audio, video,
computer programming, etc. (Wilde, 2004).

With the engagement of all this, it is important to be mindful of the following:

A. Copyright law

Copyright law protects <works of authorship=. Hence it is very important for

teachers and students to learn more about copyrights laws and copyright acts to ensure
that there will be no copyright infringements that will happen in the process of authoring
of publishing materials offline or online.

According to FindLaw (2020), the Copyright Act states that works of authorship
include the following types of works:

▪ Literary works. Novels, nonfiction prose, poetry, newspaper articles and newspapers,
magazine articles and magazines, computer software, software documentation and
manuals, training manuals, manuals, catalogs, brochures, ads (text), and compilations
such as business directories

▪ Musical works. Songs, advertising jingles, and instrumentals.

▪ Dramatic works. Plays, operas, and skits.

▪ Pantomimes and choreographic works. Ballets, modern dance, jazz dance, and mime
works.

▪ Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works. Photographs, posters, maps, paintings,

drawings, graphic art, display ads, cartoon strips and cartoon characters, stuffed animals,
statues, paintings, and works of fine art.

▪ Motion pictures and other audiovisual works. Movies, documentaries, travelogues,

training films and videos, television shows, television ads, and interactive multimedia
works.

▪ Sound recordings. Recordings of music, sounds, or words.

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▪ Architectural works. Building designs, whether in the form of architectural plans,

drawings, or the constructed building itself. FindLaw (2020) further states that Copyright
law is important for multimedia developers and publishers for two reasons:

1. Original multimedia works are protected by copyright. The Copyright Act's exclusive
rights provision gives developers and publishers the right to control unauthorized
exploitation of their works.

2. Multimedia works are created by combining "content" - music, text, graphics,

illustrations, photographs, software - that is protected under copyright law. Developers
and publishers must avoid infringing copyrights owned by others.

B. Anti-Bullying Act of 2013

The Republic Act No. 10627 or also known as the Anti Bullying Act of 2013
addresses this concern among parents, teachers and even students who are considered
victims of bullying. The anti-bullying act ensures that these cases will no longer fall on
deaf ears. With the pervasiveness of bullying at schools, more and more parents are
concerned about their children9s safety since teachers are not always present to keep an
eye on students. Children are not safe from harm against bullies especially when they are
outside of the school9s premise. The growing number of bullying cases is already a cause
for alarm.

Bullying refers to any repeated or severe use by one or more students of a verbal,
electronic or written expression, or a physical gesture or act that can bring physical or
emotional harm to the victim. Bullying is also perceived as creating an unfriendly
environment for the other student that can cause disruption in the education process.

The following is considered acts of bullying:

a) Any unwanted physical contact between the victim and the bully such as pushing,
shoving punching, tickling, headlocks, slapping, teasing, fighting, inflicting school pranks
and the use of available objects or weapons;

b) Any act that can create damage to a victim9s emotional well-being;

c) Any accusation that can make the victim emotionally distressed such as profanity, foul
language, negative comments or derogatory remarks on the victim9s appearance, body
and clothes; and

d) Cyber-bullying or any type of bullying that is initiated with the use of technology or any
electronic means.

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C. Republic Act No. 10175

This Act shall be known as the <Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. This policy
declares that the State recognizes the vital role of information and communications
industries such as content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic
commerce, and data processing, in the nation9s overall social and economic development.

The State also recognizes the importance of providing an environment conducive

to the development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of
information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible
access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard
the integrity of computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and
databases, and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data
stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal access by making punishable
under the law such conduct or conducts. In this light, the State shall adopt sufficient
powers to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their detection,
investigation, and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels, and by
providing arrangements for fast and reliable international cooperation.

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