Designation: D5138 − 16

Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for

Liquid Crystal Polymers Molding and Extrusion Materials
(LCP)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5138; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory

1.1 This classification system covers liquid crystal poly- limitations prior to use.
meric (LCP) materials suitable for injection molding and NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
extrusion. This classification system allows the use of liquid
crystal polymers that are recycled, reconstituted, recycled- 2. Referenced Documents
regrind, recovered, or reprocessed, or a combination thereof, 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
provided that the requirements as stated in this classification D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
system are met. It is the responsibility of the supplier and the Impact Resistance of Plastics
buyer of liquid crystal polymers that are recycled, D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
reconstituted, recycled-regrind, recovered, or reprocessed, or a D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
combination thereof, to ensure compliance. D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
those required to identify the compositions covered. Other D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
important to specialized applications are allowed. These shall als
be agreed upon between the user and the supplier, by using D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
suffixes as given in Section 5. D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
by Extrusion Plastometer
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
(specification) are intended to be a means of calling out plastic tics
materials used in the fabrication of end-use items or parts. It is D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-
not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by
can be made by those having expertise in the plastics field after Differential Scanning Calorimetry
careful consideration of the design and the performance D3641 Practice for Injection Molding Test Specimens of
required of the part, the environment to which it will be Thermoplastic Molding and Extrusion Materials
exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs D3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties of
involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
those covered by this classification system. D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
standard. als
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the D5630 Test Method for Ash Content in Plastics
test method portion, Section 11, of this classification system: D7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (With-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility drawn 2015)3
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications

1 2
This classification system is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5138 - 11. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5138-16. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 D5138 − 16
2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:4 ISO 11443 Plastics—Determination of the Fluidity of Plas-
IEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com- tics Using Capillary and Slit-Die Rheometers
parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation Materials ISO 20753 Plastics—Test Specimens
IEC 243 Recommended Methods of Test for Electrical 2.3 Military Standard:5
Strength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequen- MIL-M-24519 Molding Plastics—Electrical Thermoplastics
cies
ISO 62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption 2.4 Underwriters Laboratories (UL):6
ISO 75-1 Determination of Temperature of Deflection Un- UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in
der Load—General Test Method Devices and Appliances
ISO 75-2 Determination of Temperature of Deflection Under 2.5 National Technical Information Service (NTIS):7
Load—Plastics and Ebonite AD297457 Procedure and Analytical Method for Determin-
ISO 178 Plastics—Determination of Flexural Properties of ing Toxic Gases Produced by Synthetic Compounds
Rigid Materials
ISO 180 Plastics—Determination of Izod Impact Strength of 3. Terminology
Rigid Materials
ISO 294-1 Plastics—Injection Moulding of Test Specimens 3.1 Definitions—Except for the terms defined below, the
of Thermoplastic Materials—General Principles for Injec- terminology used in this classification system is in accordance
tion Molding with Terminologies D883 and D1600.
ISO 527-1 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties— 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
General Principles 3.2.1 liquid crystal polymer (LCP)—A family of thermo-
ISO 527-2 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties— plastic polymers which upon heating to the processing
Test Conditions for Moulding and Extrusion of Plastics temperature, exhibit ordered structure and under shear, highly
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties aligned chains that are retained in the solid state. Liquid crystal
ISO 3451-1 Plastics—Determination of Ash Content—Part polymers are polymers that in the molten state exhibit birefrin-
1: General Methods gence in polarized light.
ISO 11357-1 Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC)—Part 1: General Principles
ISO 11357-3 Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry
5
(DSC)—Part 3: Determination of Temperature and En- Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
thalpy of Melting and Crystallization dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
6
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
7
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5301 Shawnee
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Rd., Alexandria, VA 22312, http://www.ntis.gov.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

TABLE LCP Liquid Crystal Polymers—Classification

Group Description Class Description GradeA Description
01 unsubstituted or methyl substituted, wholly aromatic 1 high temperature 0
copolyester, polyether, or polyester amide DTULB >260°C
2 medium temperature 0
DTUL = 220–260°C
3 general purpose 0
DTUL <220°C
02 mixed aromatic/aliphatic copolyesters, polyethers, or 1 high temperature 0
polyester amides DTUL >260°C
2 medium temperature 0
DTUL = 220–260°C
3 general purpose 0
DTUL <220°C
03 aromatic copolyesters, polyethers, or polyesteramides 1 high temperature 0
with aliphatic sidechain DTUL >260°C
2 medium temperature 0
DTUL = 220–260°C
3 general purpose 0
DTUL <220°C
04 blends 1 high temperature 0
DTUL >260°C
2 medium temperature 0
DTUL = 220–260°C
3 general purpose 0
DTUL <220°C
00 other 0 other 0
A
Description unspecified.
B
DTUL is deflection temperature under load measured at 1.8 MPa and is determined in accordance with Table A or Table B.

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 D5138 − 16
4. Classification 4.2.2.1 Although the values listed are necessary to include
the range of properties available in existing materials, this does
4.1 The LCP materials are classified into groups according
not imply that every possible combination of properties exists
to their chemical composition. These groups are subdivided,
or can be obtained.
whether reinforced or not, into classes based on thermal
performance as shown in Table LCP. 4.2.3 When the grade or class of the basic material is not
known or is not important, the “0” classification shall be used.
NOTE 2—An example of this classification system is as follows: The
specification LCP0120 indicates the following LCP = liquid crystal poly- NOTE 6—An example of this classification for specifying a reinforced
mer as found in Terminology D1600: LCP material is given as follows: The specification LCP0120G30A22450
01 = Unsubstituted, or methyl substituted, wholly aromatic would indicate the following material requirements:
copolyester, polyether, or polyester amide (group) LCP = Liquid Crystal Polymer as found in Terminology D1600
2 = Medium temperature, DTUL = 220-260°C (class) 01— = Unsubstituted or methyl substituted, wholly aromatic
0 = Other (grade) copolyester, polyether, or polyester amide (group),
2 = medium temperature (class)
4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or special 0 = unspecified (grade)
materials, the “other” category for Group (00), Class (0), and G30 = Glass reinforced at 30 % nominal level
Grade (0) is shown in Table LCP. A = Table A property requirements
2 = Tensile strength, min, 100 MPa
4.2 Reinforced, filled, and lubricated versions of LCP ma- 2 = Flexural modulus, min, 8 GPa
terials are classified in accordance with Tables LCP and Table 4 = Notched izod impact, min, 15 kJ/m
5 = Deflection temperature under load, min, 260°C at 1.8 MPa,
A. Table LCP is used to specify the group or the group and 0 = Unspecified
class of LCP and Table A is used to specify the property If no properties are specified, the specification would be
requirements. LCP0120G30A00000.

NOTE 3—Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with

ISO 20753, Specimen Type A1 or Practice D3641 accordingly.
5. Suffixes Requirements
NOTE 4—A similar callout can be developed using Table B. 5.1 When additional requirements are needed that are not
4.2.1 Reinforced, filled, and lubricated variations of the covered by the basic requirements or cell-table requirements,
basic materials are identified by a single letter that indicates the they shall be indicated through the use of suffixes.
filler, or reinforcement used, or both, and two digits that 5.2 A list of suffixes is found in Classification System
indicate the nominal quantity in percent by weight. The D4000 (Table 3) and are used for additional requirements as
reinforcement letter designations and associated tolerance appropriate.
levels are shown in Table 4. 5.2.1 Additional suffixes will be added to that standard as
NOTE 5—This part of the system uses the percent of reinforcements or
test methods and requirements are developed and requested.
additives, or both, in the callout of the modified basic material. The types
and percentages of reinforcements and additives are shown on the 6. General Requirements
suppliers’ technical data sheet unless they are proprietary in nature. If
necessary, additional callout of these reinforcements and additives can be 6.1 The composition of the specified material shall be
accomplished by the use of the suffix part of the system (see Section 5). uniform and shall conform to the requirements specified
4.2.2 Specific requirements shall be shown by a six- herein.
character specification. The specification will consist of the 6.2 The basic requirements from the property tables or cell
letter A and the five digits comprising the cell numbers for the tables are always in effect unless superseded by specific suffix
property requirements in the order as they appear in Table A. requirements, which always take precedence.

TABLE A Property Requirements for Liquid Crystal Polymer Based on ISO Test Methods
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Tensile ISO 527 unspecified 70 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 specify
strength, value
min, MPa
2 Flexural ISO 178 unspecified 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 specify
modulus, value
min, GPa
3 Notched ISO 180 unspecified 5 9 12 15 18 25 37 50 specify
izod value
impact,
min, kJ/m2
4 DTULA at ISO 75/A unspecified 140 180 220 240 260 300 340 380 specify
1.8 MPa, value
min,° C
5 To be unspecified specify
determined value
A
DTUL = Deflection temperature under load tested flatwise on 80 by 10 by 4-mm specimen.

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 D5138 − 16

TABLE B (Formerly Table A in D5138 – 90) Property Requirements for LCP Based on ASTM Test Methods
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Tensile strength, MPa, min,A unspecified 70 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 specify value
(D638)
Flex modulus, GPa, min,B unspecified 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 specify value
(D790)
Notched Izod unspecified 40 75 100 125 150 200 300 400 specify value
impact, min,
J/m, (D256)C
Deflection temperature, min, unspecified 140 180 220 240 260 300 340 380 specify value
°C at 1.8 MPa, (D648)D
To be determined unspecified specify value
A
Type 1 tensile bar, 3.2 mm thick tested at 5 mm/min ± 25 % (minimum length 200 mm).
B
127 by 12.7 by 3.2-mm bar tested at 1.3 mm/min.
C
Bar thickness 3.2 mm.
D
Test Method D648, Method A.

TABLE 4 Reinforcement-FillerA SymbolsB and Tolerances fied in Table 5 are guidelines only. Since mechanical properties
Symbol Material
Tolerance can vary depending on the molding conditions, contact the
(Based on Total MassA )
manufacturer of the grade for molding conditions appropriate
C carbon and graphite fiber ±2 % for specification purposes.
G glass ±2 %
L lubricants (for example PTFE, depends upon material and 9.3 Because of the shear sensitivity of LCP materials,
graphite, silicone, and process—to be specified occasionally a gate smaller than the gate specified by the
molybdenum disulfide) molding practice or method is required to fill the part ad-
M mineral ±2 %
R combinations of reinforcements ±3 % for the total equately. When reporting data in accordance with a specifica-
or fillers, or both tion (line callout), the gate design shall be reported if different
A
Ash content of filled, or reinforced material, or both, is determined using either than the applicable molding practice ro method requirement.
Test Method D5630 or ISO 3451-1 where applicable.
B
Additional symbols will be added to this table as required. 10. Conditioning
10.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned in the standard
laboratory atmosphere for a minimum of 12 h (condition
7. Detail Requirements 12/23/50 of Practice D618).
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements pre-
scribed in Tables LCP and A (or B), and the suffix requirements 11. Test Methods
as they apply. 11.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this classifica-
7.2 For the purposes of determining conformance with this tion system by means of the test methods referenced in Section
classification system, all specified limits for a specification 2.
(line callout) based on this classification system are absolute
limits, as defined in Practice E29. 12. Certification and Inspection

7.3 With the absolute method, an observed value or a 12.1 Inspection and certification of the material supplied
calculated value is not rounded, but is to be compared directly with reference to a specification based on this classification
with the limiting value. Conformance or nonconformance is system shall be for conformance to the requirements specified
based on this comparison. herein.
12.2 Lot-acceptance inspection shall be the basis on which
8. Sampling acceptance or rejection of the lot is made. The lot-acceptance
8.1 Sampling shall be statistically adequate to satisfy the inspection shall consist of filler or reinforcement content (if
requirements of 12.4. any).
8.2 A batch or lot shall be constituted as a unit of manufac-
ture as prepared for shipment. A batch or lot is allowed to TABLE 5 Processing Guidelines for Liquid Crystal Polymers for
consist of a blend of two or more production runs. Preparation of Test SpecimensA
Melt Average Mold
9. Specimen Preparation Material Temperature, Cycle Time, s Injection Temperature,
°C Velocity, mm/s °C
9.1 The moisture content of the molding material for the Liquid crystal B
30 ± 5 150–600 90 ± 5
preparation of test specimens shall not exceed 0.01 %. Material polymer
having a moisture content above these limits shall be dried in A
Contact the manufacturer of the grade for more specific molding conditions when
conducting tests for comparison with the requirements of this classification system.
accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. B
Target melt temperature shall be ±20°C around the melt point. Actual melt
9.2 The test specimens shall be prepared by an injection temperature shall be held at ±3°C of the target. The melt point is defined as the
nominal melt transition temperature as measured by differential scanning
molding process as specified in ISO 294-1 for Table A or calorimetry.
Practice D3641 for Table B. The processing conditions speci-

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 D5138 − 16
12.3 Periodic check inspection with a reference to a speci- 12.5 A report of the test results shall be furnished when
fication based on this classification system shall consist of the requested. The report shall consist of the results of the
tests for all requirements of the material under the specifica- lot-acceptance inspections for the shipment, the percent by
tion. Inspection frequency shall be adequate to ensure the weight of recycled plastic as defined in Guide D7209, if
material is certifiable in accordance with 12.4. requested, and the results of the most recent periodic check
12.4 Certification shall be that the material was manufac- inspections.
tured by a process in statistical control, sampled, tested, and
inspected in accordance with this classification system and that 13. Packaging and Package Marking
the average values for the lot meet the requirements of the 13.1 The provisions of Practice D3892 apply to packaging,
specification (line callout). packing, and marking of containers for plastic materials.
NOTE 7—The ASTM publication Manual on Presentation of Data and
Control Chart Analysis, 8th Edition,8 provides detailed information about 14. Keywords
statistical process control. 14.1 aromatic polyester (ARP); classification system; extru-
sion materials; injection molding materials; line call out; liquid
8
Available from ASTM International. Order stock number: MNL7-8TH-EB. crystal polymers (LCP); recycled plastics

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the inquiry, contract,
or order for agencies of the U.S. Government.

S1. Special End Uses TABLE S2.1 Property Values for Initial Physical and Electrical
Qualification Testing
S1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase Value Required for Each Type
order, the supplier is responsible for the performance of all of Compound
Type Type
testing and inspections. Except as otherwise specified, the Property Units
GLCP-30F GLCP-50F
supplier is allowed to utilize his own facilities or any commer- Flammability — V-0 V-0
cial laboratory acceptable to the Government. The Government Water absorption %, max 0.08 0.08
Compressive strength MPa 75 75
reserves the right to perform any of the testing or inspections Dielectric strength
set forth in the specification requirements. This testing ensures Short-Time Test 1 kV/mm 18.8 18.8
Short-Time Test 2 kV/mm 18.8 18.8
qualification on a one-time basis unless the manufacturer Tracking index V 120 140
makes a significant change in formulation, raw material, or
process. S3. Quality Assurance
S3.1 Acceptance Criteria—Failure to conform to require-
S2. Physical Requirements ments in Table S2.1 shall result in rejection of the material.
S3.2 Sample Size—The minimum number of test specimens
S2.1 The physical and electrical property requirements for to be tested shall be as specified in Table S3.1.
initial material qualification are given in Table S2.1 and the test S3.3 Test Method—Testing shall be in accordance with the
methods in Table S3.1. Unless otherwise stated, the values are methods specified in Table S3.1.
minimum requirements. S3.4 Conditioning—Standard test specimens shall be con-
ditioned before testing as specified in Table S3.1 and as
described in Section 4.
TABLE S3.1 Sampling and Conditioning for Initial Qualification Testing
Test Method Number
Property to Be Tested Test Method Specimens Conditioning Units
Modified per Tested
Flammability UL 94 125 by 13 mm 10 per UL 94 per UL 94
by thickness
Compressive strength ISO 604 25 by 10 by 4 mm 5 E-48/50+C-96/23/50 MPa
(minimum average)
Water absorption ISO 62 50-mm disk, 3 E-24/100+des+D-48/50 Percent
3 mm thick (maximum average)
Dielectric Strength: IEC 243 S5.1 60 by 60 by 2-mm kV/mm
Short-time test plaque 3 E-48/50+C-96/23/50 (minimum average)
Short-time test 3 E-48/50+D-48/50
Tracking index IEC 112 80 by 10 by 4 mm 4 A V

5
 D5138 − 16
S4. Conditioning shall be denoted by use of a plus (+) sign between successive conditions.
Examples: C-96/23/50 — Humidity condition; 96 h at 23°C
S4.1 Nomenclature: and 50 % R.H.
S4.1.1 Condition A—As received. D-48/50 — Immersion condition; 48 h at 50°C.
S4.1.2 Condition C—Humidity conditioning. E-48/50 — Temperature condition; 48 h at 50°C.
S4.1.3 Condition D—Immersion conditioning in distilled
S5. Test Method Modification
water.
S4.1.4 Condition E—Temperature conditioning. S5.1 Dielectric Strength:
S4.1.5 Condition des—Dessication condition, cooling over S5.1.1 The test shall be performed under oil at a frequency
silica gel or calcium chloride in a desiccator at 23°C for 16 to not exceeding 100 Hz at the temperature of the final condi-
20 h after temperature conditioning. tioning.
S4.2 Designation— Conditioning procedures shall be des- S5.1.2 Short-Time Test—The voltage shall be increased
ignated as follows: uniformly at the rate of 500 V/s.
S4.2.1 A capital letter indicating the general conditioning.
S4.2.2 A number indicating, in hours, the duration of S6. Toxicity Requirements
conditioning. S6.1 Thermoplastic molding compounds shall be tested for
S4.2.3 A number indicating, in °C, the conditioning tem- toxicity in accordance with NTIS AD297457. Specimens shall
perature. meet the requirements in Table S6.1, expressed as the maxi-
S4.2.4 A number indicating the relative humidity when it is mum level permissible.
controlled. TABLE S6.1 Toxicity When Heated
S4.3 Tolerances: Compounds Units GLCP-30F GLCP-50F
S4.3.1 Relative Humidity—Standard tolerance shall be Carbon dioxide ppm 15 000 15 000
Carbon monoxide ppm 1 000 1 000
610 %. Ammonia ppm 500 500
S4.3.2 Temperature—Standard tolerance shall be 62°C. Aldehydes as HCHO ppm 50 50
For water immersion the standard tolerance shall be 61°C. Cyanide as HCN ppm 50 50
NOTE S4.1—The numbers shall be separated from each other by slant (/) Oxides of nitrogen as NO2 ppm 100 100
Hydrogen chloride ppm 50 50
marks, and from the capital letter by a dash (-). A sequence of conditions

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MELT VISCOSITY TESTING

X1.1 Determine melt viscosity using a capillary rheometer X1.1.4 Shear Rates—Report at 1000 s–1. Alternatively, run
in accordance with Test Method ISO 11443 or Test Method at constant shear rate of 400 s−1 for 15 min. Interpolate and
D3835 at the following conditions: report viscosities at 5 and 10-min residence time.
X1.1.1 Drying—Minimum 11⁄2 h (maximum 72 h) at 150 6 NOTE X1.1—The test method for flow rates of thermoplastic materials
10°C in a vacuum oven (minimum reduction of 0.05 MPa from by extrusion plastometer (Test Method D1238) is not recommended as a
atmospheric pressure) under N2 bleed. test method for describing liquid crystal polymers because of the
X1.1.2 Temperature—0-20°C above the nominal melt tran- morphological nature of the material. The LCPs maintain a crystalline
structure even at their processing temperatures. They are highly shear
sition peak as determined in accordance with Test Method
sensitive, and are difficult to process under the low shear rate of the flow
ISO 11357-3 or Test Method D3418 differential scanning rate test. Repeatability of flow rate value is poor. Melt viscosity by
calorimetry using second melting curve at 20°C/min. capillary rheology at appropriate shear rate(s) should be used to describe
X1.1.3 Capillary Die—1-mm diameter, 20:1 L/D, 180° full the flow properties of these materials.
entrance angle.

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 D5138 − 16

X2. MILITARY SPECIFICATION M-24519

X2.1 The following Specification D5138 call outs describe

the LCP materials referenced in Military Specification MIL-
M-24519 under the appropriate MIL SPEC callout:
Specification D5138 MIL-M-24519

LCP0120G30A43430 EA300ED035EE200EF140 GLCP-30F

LCP0120G50A44230 EA300ED042EE200EF180 GLCP-50F

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D5138 - 11)
that may impact the use of this standard. (April 1, 2016)

(1) Replaced ISO 3167 reference with ISO 20753. (3) Added Note 7 added.
(2) Replaced Specimen 1A with specimen A1 in Note 3. (4) Added title to Table 1 and footnotes.

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