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IC114 Tutorial 3

The document provides a tutorial on linear algebra concepts including determining if sets of vectors are subspaces, showing vectors are linearly dependent or independent, finding spans and bases of vector spaces, and determining dimensions of vector spaces and subspaces.

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Yadnyit Panchbhai
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© © All Rights Reserved
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19 views

IC114 Tutorial 3

The document provides a tutorial on linear algebra concepts including determining if sets of vectors are subspaces, showing vectors are linearly dependent or independent, finding spans and bases of vector spaces, and determining dimensions of vector spaces and subspaces.

Uploaded by

Yadnyit Panchbhai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IC114-Linear Algebra

Tutorial Sheet-3
Even Semester (2023–24)

1. Let V be the (real) vector space of all functions f from R into R. Which of the following sets of functions are
subspaces of V ?
(a) all f such that f (x2 ) = f (x)2 ;
(b) all f such that f (0) = f (1);
(c) all f such that f (3) = 1 + f (−5);
2. Let V be the vector space of all functions from R into R ; let Ve be the subset of even functions, f (−x) = f (x);
let Vo be the subset of odd functions, f (−x) = −f (x). Show that Ve and Vo are subspaces of V .
3. In each part, determine whether the three vectors lie in a plane in the mentioned vector space.

(a) v1 = (−3, 0, 4), v2 = (5, −1, 2), v3 = (1, 1, 3) in R3


(b) v1 = (−6, 7, 2), v2 = (3, 2, 4), v3 = (4, −1, 2) in R3

4. Determine whether the following vectors are linearly independent or linearly dependent.

(a) v1 = 2 − x + 4x2 , v2 = 3 + 6x + 2x2 , v3 = 2 + 10x − 4x2 in P2 (R)


     
1 0 1 2 0 1
(b) v1 = , v2 = , v3 = in M22 (R)
−2 2 2 0 2 −1

5. For which real values of λ do the following vectors form a linearly dependent set in R3 ?
(a) v1 = (λ, −1/2, −1/2), v2 = − 21 , λ, −1/2 , v3 = (−1/2, −1/2, λ)


(b) v1 = (1, −2, λ), v2 = − 31 , 23 , − λ3 , v3 = (λ, 53 , 1)




6. Show that
(a) for any linearly independent vectors u, v and w in a vector space, the vectors u + v, u − v, u − 2v + w are
also linearly independent.
(b) if S = {v1 , v2 , ..., vn } is a linearly independent set of vectors, then so is every nonempty subset of S.
7. Show that
(a) the vectors u = (1 + i, 2i) and w = (1, 1 + i) in C2 are linearly dependent over the complex field C but
linearly independent over the real field R.
(b) functions sin x, cos x, x are linearly independent in the vector space of real valued functions.
8. Let V be the vector space of polynomials over R and S = {x, x2 + 1, x3 − 1}. Find the linear span of S. Does
3x2 + 2x belongs to span(S)?
9. Show that if {v1 , v2 } is linearly independent and {v3 } does not lie in span {v1 , v2 }, then {v1 , v2 , v3 } is linearly
independent.
10. Show that the vectors form a basis for space V.
(a) u1 = (1, 0, −1), u2 = (1, 2, 1), u3 = (0, 3, 2), where V = R3 .

1
(b) p1 (x) = x2 − 1, p2 (x) = x + 1, p3 (x) = x − 1, where V = {p(x) : Polynomial of degree up to 2}.

11. Find a basis for each of these subspaces of R4 :


(a) All vectors whose components are equal.
(b) All vectors whose components add to zero.
(c) U = {(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) : x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 − 4x4 = 0}.

12. Find a basis and dimension for the row & column space
 of 
    1 2 −3 1 2
1 2 −4 1 1 2 −3  2 4 −4 6 10 
(a)  2 9 −12 6  (b)  2 4 −4  (c)  .
 3 6 −6 9 13 
7 6 −3 9 3 6 −6
2 3 0 8 2
13. Find a basis and dimension for each of these subspaces of 2 by 2 matrices:
(a) All diagonal matrices.
(b) All symmetric matrices (AT = A).
(c) All skew-symmetric matrices (AT = −A).
14. Let C, R, and Q be the fields of complex, real, and rational numbers, respectively. Determine whether each
of the following is a vector space. Which of the following form a vector space and what is the dimension?
(a) C over C.
(b) C over R.
(c) R over C.
15. Let Mn (F ) be the n × n square matrices over field F . Find a basis and the dimension for each of the following
vector spaces:

(a) Mn (C) over C.


(b) Mn (C) over R.
(c) Mn (R) over R.
16. Let V be the vector space of all 3 × 3 real matrices. Let A be the matrix given below and we define

W = {M ∈ V |AM = M A}.

Then W is a subspace of V . Determine


 whichmatrices are in the subspace W and find the dimension of W .
a 0 0 a 0 0
(a) A =  0 b 0  (b) A =  0 a 0 ,
0 0 c 0 0 b
where a, b, c are distinct real numbers.

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