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RCourse-Lecture13-Calculations-Matrix Operations - Row, Column & Other Operations - Watermark

The document discusses various matrix operations in R like renaming row and column names, assigning values to all elements, constructing diagonal matrices, finding transpose, row and column sums and means. Operations like creating matrices, assigning values, renaming rows and columns and finding transpose, sums and means are explained through examples.

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20 views13 pages

RCourse-Lecture13-Calculations-Matrix Operations - Row, Column & Other Operations - Watermark

The document discusses various matrix operations in R like renaming row and column names, assigning values to all elements, constructing diagonal matrices, finding transpose, row and column sums and means. Operations like creating matrices, assigning values, renaming rows and columns and finding transpose, sums and means are explained through examples.

Uploaded by

kavithanjali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Foundations of R Software

Lecture 13
Basics of Calculations
::::
Matrix Operations – Row, Column & Other
Operations
Shalabh
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

1
Matrix Operations
Renaming the row and column names
> x = matrix( nrow=4, ncol=3, data=c(1:12) )
> x
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 5 9
[2,] 2 6 10
[3,] 3 7 11
[4,] 4 8 12

rownames(x) Renames the row names

colnames(x) Renames the column names

2
Matrix Operations
Renaming the row and column names
> rownames(x) = c("r1", "r2", "r3", "r4")
> x
[,1] [,2] [,3]
r1 1 5 9
r2 2 6 10
r3 3 7 11
r4 4 8 12

> colnames(x) = c("c1", "c2", "c3")


> x
c1 c2 c3
r1 1 5 9
r2 2 6 10
r3 3 7 11
r4 4 8 12
3
Matrix Operations

4
Matrix Operations
Assigning a specified number to all matrix elements:

> x = matrix( nrow=4, ncol=2, data=2 )


> x
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 2 2
[2,] 2 2
[3,] 2 2
[4,] 2 2

5
Matrix Operations: Diagonal matrix
Construction of a diagonal matrix, here the identity matrix of a
dimension 3:
> d = diag(1, nrow=3, ncol=3)
> d
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 0 0
[2,] 0 1 0
[3,] 0 0 1

6
Matrix Operations: Diagonal matrix
Construction of a diagonal matrix with all numbers as 5 of a
dimension 3:
> d = diag(5, nrow=3, ncol=3)
> d
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 0 0
[2,] 0 5 0
[3,] 0 0 5

7
Matrix Operations: Transpose
Transpose of a matrix X: X’

> x = matrix(nrow=4, ncol=2, data=1:8, byrow=T )


> x
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 2
[2,] 3 4
[3,] 5 6
[4,] 7 8

8
Matrix Operations: Transpose
Transpose of a matrix X: X’
> xt = t(x)
> xt
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 1 3 5 7
[2,] 2 4 6 8

9
Matrix Operations: Row and column sums
Finding the row and column sums
> x = matrix(nrow=4, ncol=2, data=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8))
> x
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 5
[2,] 2 6
[3,] 3 7
[4,] 4 8

rowSums(x) Finds the sum of numbers in rows

colSums(x) Finds the sum of numbers in columns

10
Matrix Operations: Row and column means
> x
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 5 (1+5) = 6
[2,] 2 6 (2+6) = 8
[3,] 3 7 (3+7) = 10
[4,] 4 8 (4+8) = 12
(1+2+3+4) (5+6+7+8)
= 10 = 26

> rowSums(x)
[1] 6 8 10 12

> colSums(x)
[1] 10 26 11
Matrix Operations: Row and column means
Finding the row and column means
> x = matrix(nrow=4, ncol=2, data=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8))
> x
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 5
[2,] 2 6
[3,] 3 7
[4,] 4 8

rowMeans(x) Finds the means of rows

colMeans(x) Finds the means of columns

12
Matrix Operations: Row and column means
> x
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 1 5 (1+5)/2 = 3
[2,] 2 6 (2+6)/2 = 4
[3,] 3 7 (3+7)/2 = 5
[4,] 4 8 (4+8)/2 = 6
(1+2+3+4)/4 (5+6+7+8)/4
= 2.5 = 6.5
> rowMeans(x)
[1] 3 4 5 6

> colMeans(x)
[1] 2.5 6.5
13

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