CSE-DEPSTAR(D23DCS147) CSE205-Data Communication and Networking

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EXPERIMENT NO. 3

AIM: Allocating IP address to network topologies.

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Student should be able to apply IP addresses to
1. Topology: two directly connected computers
2. Topology: four computers connected by switches
3. Topology: two networks connected by Router
Various networking commands:
● ping

● ipconfig

● arp –a

● netstat

● netbios

● tracert

● hostname

● nmap

Reference Videos
1. IP address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykz4oUPWACw
2. IP address assignment in Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcAtxgDsl00
3. Classes of IPv4 address: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkgfyLf1raY

Reference for commands:

1. https://lizardsystems.com/articles/network-command-line-utilities/
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nH85pddWWAk
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rurs7cdT5cc&t=7s
Note: While applying IP address, student needs to allocate IP address as per his/her student ID. For
Example, if student ID is 22cs005 then IP address allocation for the first network should start with
5.0.0.0. For subsequent networks, it should start with ID+1 i.e. 6.0.0.0, 7.0.0.0 and so on.
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Refer to the following scenarios and let’s understand What is an IP Address and Purpose of IP
Address.
Scenario : 1

In this first scenario, an envelope is sent from sachana to kathlal. But there was some check point like
ahmedabad, kathwada and then the envelope is delivered to kathlal.
Justify the following statement.
1. Was there any difficulty faced during sending the envelope from sender to receiver?

Scenario : 2

In this second scenario, the sender was located at Ahmedabad and wanted to send a file to the receiver
who was located at Gandhinagar. But at the time of sending a file to the receiver, the receiver's machine
was powered off. So, can the receiver receive the file from the sender or not?
Justify the following statement.
2. Was there any difficulty faced during sending the file from sender to receiver? If yes then
what would be the solution for it.

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Scenario: 3

Refer the above image, and justify your answer

Question: Can the envelope be sent to the proper destination?

Scenario: 4

An IP address also acts like a return address on postal mail. When a letter you've mailed is delivered to
the wrong address, you get the letter back if you include a return address on the envelope. The same
holds true for email. When you write to an invalid recipient (such as someone who left their job and no
longer has a company email address) your IP address lets the company’s mail server send you back a
bounce message so that you know your email wasn't sent to the right place.
From the above all scenarios, what would be the conclusion?

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IP Address Types
Basically, there are two primary types of ip address formats used today.
1. IPv4
2. IPv6
Refer to the following diagrams and let’s understand IPv4 Address Representation

Refer to the following case-study and let’s understand IPv4 Address Structure.

In this scenario, representing a small office network, each network running on TCP must have a unique
number, and every machine on it must have a unique IP address. An IPv4 address is a 32-bit
hierarchical address that is made up of a network portion and a host portion. When determining the
network portion versus the host portion, you must look at the 32-bit stream. A subnet mask is used to
determine the network and host portions.

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IPv4 Address Structure

IPv4 Address Structure using Binary format

IPv4 Address Structure : Subnet Mask

To identify the network and host portions of an IPv4 address, the subnet mask is compared to the IPv4
address bit by bit, from left to right. The actual process used to identify the network and host portions is
called ANDing.
IPv4 Address Structure: Prefix Length
A prefix length is a less cumbersome method used to identify a subnet mask address. The prefix length
is the number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask. It is written in “slash notation” therefore, count the
number of bits in the subnet mask and prepend it with a slash.

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Types of IPv4 Addresses: Legacy Classful Addressing

Classful addressing wasted many IPv4 addresses.

Classful address allocation was replaced with classless addressing which ignores the rules of classes (A,
B, C).

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Exercise-1(Note: Start allocation IP address number from PC0)

Redraw above diagram which includes IP address and MAC address. Take IP address and MAC address as per
your knowledge. Insert image below.

● Ipconfig: fill table ipconfig of all computers

PC0
Parameter Value
Link local IPV6 Address 60-18-95-56-26-3B
IP address 10.0.0.1
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
PC1
Parameter Value
Link local IPV6 Address 60-18-95-56-26-3B
IP address 10.0.0.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

● Ipconfig /all: apply command on command prompt and write parameters and values in the following
table.
PC0
Parameter Value
Physical Address 60-18-95-56-26-3B
Link-Local IPv6 Address fe80::1491:b65c:d56a:c53b%19
IPv6 Address 2409:40c1:a:634c:5af:d387:18c6:97d2

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IPv4 Address 192.168.11.1
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 192.168.170.254
DHCPv6 IAID 754995286
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-29-8A-3D-40-60-18-95-
56-26-3B
DNS Servers 192.168.158.115

● Arp –a: before ping, write output of command from PC0 and PC1 computers

PC0
Parameter Value
Link local IPV6 Address 60-18-95-56-26-3B
IP address 10.0.0.1
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
PC1
Parameter Value
Link local IPV6 Address 60-18-95-56-26-3B
IP address 10.0.0.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

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● Ping from PC0 to PC1 and vice versa and insert snap of output here.
PC0:-

PC1:-

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● Arp –a: after ping, insert snap (below) of output of command from all computers

● PC0

● PC1

● Netstat: insert snap of output of command from all computer

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Exercise-2: (Note: Start allocation IP address number from PC0)

Redraw above diagram which includes IP address and MAC address. Take IP address and MAC address as per your
instruction. Insert image below.

● Ipconfig: fill table ipconfig of all computers

PC0
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::230:F2FF:FEC5:28A
IP address 10.0.0.4
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
PC1
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::20C:85FF:FE91:6A83
IP address 10.0.0.1
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Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
PC2
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::201:43FF:FE11:1217
IP address 10.0.0.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
PC3
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::2D0:FFFF:FE05:BB8C
IP address 10.0.0.3
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

Similarly Prepare for PC1, PC2 and PC3

● Ipconfig /all: apply command on command prompt and write parameters and values in following table.
PC0
Parameter Value
Physical Address 0001.9639.8002
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::201:96FF:FE39:8002
IP address 142.0.0.1
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DNS Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-56-BB-E2-1D-00-01-96-3
9-80-02
PC1
Parameter Value
Physical Address 00D0.BA83.CD36
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::2D0:BAFF:FE83:CD36
IP address 142.0.0.2
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Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DNS Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-7C-BE-B4-2D-00-D0-BA-
83-CD-36
PC2
Parameter Value
Physical Address 0060.4706.6A81
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::260:47FF:FE06:6A81
IP address 142.0.0.3
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DNS Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-27-00-E5-2C-00-60-47-06
-6A-81
PC3
Parameter Value
Physical Address 0001.430D.EDB6
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::201:43FF:FE0D:EDB6
IP address 142.0.0.4
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DNS Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-8A-47-87-EA-00-01-43-0
D-ED-B6

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● Arp –a: before ping write/snap of output of command from all computers

● Ping from PC0 to PC1 and vice versa and get the output here.
PC0:

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● PC1

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● Arp –a: after ping write/snap of output of command from all computers
PC0

PC1

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PC2

PC3

● Netstat: write/snap of output of command from all computers

● show ip route: write/snap of output of command from all computers

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Exercise-3 (Note: Start allocation IP address number from PC0)

Redraw above diagram which includes IP address and MAC address. Take IP address and MAC address as per
your instruction. Insert image below.

● Ipconfig: fill following table with output of ipconfig of computer.

PC0
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::2D0:BCFF:FEE3:EB4B
IP address 10.0.0.1
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

PC1
Parameter Value
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::20C:CFFF:FE5E:1457
IP address 10.0.0.2
Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

● Ipconfig /all: apply command on command prompt and write parameters and values in following table
PC0
Parameter Value
Physical Address 00D0.BCC9.CD7E

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Link local IPV6 Address FE80::2D0:BCFF:FEC9:CD7E
IP address 142.0.0.1
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DNS Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-19-13-00-C9-00-D0-BC-C
9-CD-7E
PC1
Parameter Value
Physical Address 000A.F3A9.D516
Link local IPV6 Address FE80::20A:F3FF:FEA9:D516
IP address 142.0.0.2
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway 0.0.0.0
DNS Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCP Servers 0.0.0.0
DHCPv6 Client DUID 00-01-00-01-E8-1B-81-BB-00-0A-F3-
A9-D5-16

● Arp –a: before ping write/snap of output of command from all computers

● Ping from PC0 to PC1 and vice versa and get the output here.

PC0 to PC1

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PC1 to PC0

● Arp –a: after ping write/snap of output of command from all computers

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● Netstat: write/snap of output of command from all computers

● show ip route: write/snap of output of command from all computers

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