環境生物技術概論

Introduction to Environmental
Biotechnology

水環系環工三

簡義杰
1
課程安排
環境生物技術概論
wk Tuesday topic
1 2/20 Introduction of Environmental Biotechnology
2 2/27 Introduction of Environmental Biotechnology
3 3/5 Application of Environmental Biotechnology
4 3/12 Aerobic treatment of wastes
5 3/18 線上非同步教學
6 3/26 Anaerobic treatment of wastes
7 4/2 兒童節、清明節 (停課)
8 4/9 Enhancement of biotechnological treatment of wastes
9 4/16 期中考週
10 4/23 Electron Donors and Electron Acceptors
11 4/30 線上非同步教學
Electron Donors and Electron Acceptors/Microbial
12 5/7 Metabolism
13 5/14 線上非同步教學
14 5/21 Microbial Metabolism
15 5/28 線上非同步教學
16 6/4 Environmental Biological techniques for sustainability
17 6/11 期末考週
18 6/18 Environmental Biological techniques for sustainability 2
 教材-參考書1
" Environmental Biotechnology"
by Lawrence K. Wang, Volodymyr Ivanov, Joo-Hwa Tay, Yung-Tse Hung

• Humana Press
• year 2010
• 電子版 (TKU library)
• 975 頁
3
 教材-參考書2
" Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition) "
by Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender,
Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl

I. The Foundations of Microbiology

II. Genomics, Genetics, and Virology
III. Metabolic and Microbial Diversity
IV. Microbial Ecology and
Environmental Microbiology
V. Pathogenicity And Immunology
VI. Infectious Diseases And Their
Transmission

32 Chapters 1032 頁
4
教材
• PowerPoint slides upload to iClass
學期成績計算方式
• 出席率 ：10 %
• 平時評量：10 %
• 期中評量：30 %
• 期末評量：40 %
• 線上互動：10 ％

課堂規則
5
請假
• 公假 • 事假
• 生理假 • 病假
• 喪假 • 心理調適假

心理調適假
Q1:何時開始實施?
Q2:核給天數及
Q3 :核判的方式?
Q3:申請心理調適假後,學校的關懷輔導機制為何?

淡江大學學生
Expectation? Question? 請假規則
6
 Introduction of Environmental
Biotechnology

 What is environmental biotechnology?

 What are biotechnological agents commonly used
in environmental biotechnology?
 The main application of environmental
biotechnology.

7
What is environmental engineering?

8
9
中央社 2017年12月25日 下午12:43 10
Oshiwara river Dianchi Lake

Venezuela 11
12
13
14
What is environmental engineering?
Environmental engineering
is the branch of engineering concerned with the
application of scientific and engineering principles
for protection of human populations from the effects
of adverse environmental factors; protection of
environments, both local and global, from potentially
deleterious effects of natural and human activities;
and improvement of environmental quality.

環境工程為應用科學與工程之方法來改善環境
（包括空氣、水、土地資源），進而為人類之居
住以及其他生物體提供對健康有益的水、空氣以
及土壤，亦包括污染場址之復育。
15
環境生物技術概論

What is
environmental
biotechnology

16
Biotechnology by Application
Health
• detection of infectious agents
• organ transplantation
• drug production (insulin)
• gene therapy
• stem cell technology
• vaccines

17
Biotechnology by Application

Agriculture
• improve plants or animals
plant diseases
herbicide tolerance
insect resistance
decrease the use of synthetic
pesticides
• nutritionally-enriched
• reduce allergens/toxicants
• longer-lasting
18
Biotechnology by Application

Food & beverages

• fermentation control
• solving quality-related
problems
• nutrition
• saturated fat, sugar, salt
• texture and safety

19
Biotechnology by Application

Environment

20
 Definition of Environmental biotechnology :

• Environmental biotechnology is a system of

sciences and engineering knowledge related to the
use of microorganisms and their products in the
prevention, treatment, and monitoring of
environmental pollution through solid, liquid, and
gaseous wastes biotreatment, bioremediation of
polluted environments, and biomonitoring of
environmental and treatment processes.

• Environmental biotechnology applies the principles

of microbiology to the solution of environmental
problems.
21
Biotechnological agents used in environmental
biotechnology include:
• Bacteria (prokaryotic microorganisms, prokaryotes)
細菌
• Archaea (prokaryotic microorganisms, prokaryotes)
古菌
• Fungi (eukaryotic organisms, eukaryotes)
真菌
• Algae
藻類
• Protozoa
原生動物
22
23
• Fungi (eukaryotic organisms, eukaryotes)
真菌

24
• Fungi (eukaryotic organisms, eukaryotes)真菌

Fungi are important degraders of biopolymers and

are used in solid waste treatment, especially

in composting
in soil bioremediation

白腐真菌
探討白腐真菌之漆氧化酵素的最佳生產條件
賽逸昕 25
• Algae 藻類
eukaryotic microorganisms
light energy
the removal of organic matter and nutrients from water
• a tubular glass photobioreactor for the cultivation of
microalgae and other photosynthetic organisms.
• suitable for the scaled production of microalgae-based high-
value products.

• health food and dietary supplements

(nutritional value)
• biodiesel production
• bioremediation (high rate algae pond )
• bioassay of environmental toxicants
(heavy metals, pesticides)
26
• Protozoa 原生動物

unicellular animals
absorb and digest organic food
▪ improving the quality of the effluent
grazing on bacterial cells, thus maintaining adequate bacterial
biomass levels in the treatment systems and helping to reduce
cell concentrations in the waste effluents
▪ indicator of plant efficiency

27
• Protozoa 原生動物

28
▪ indicator of plant efficiency

29
 The main application of environmental
biotechnology
• biodegradation organic matter of municipal wastewater
• biodegradation/detoxication of hazardous substances in
industrial wastewater
• restoration of water quality in reservoirs, lakes and
rivers, coastal area, groundwater
• treatment of potable water
• bioremediation of contaminated sites
• tests of toxicity and pathogenicity

30
 biodegradation organic matter of municipal
wastewater
Sewage treatment plant

Though most developed countries treat sewage, treatment levels do not generally remove
nutrients from the wastewater that is discharged. One exception is the state of Maryland
(U.S.) where all major sewage treatment plants are required to upgrade to enhanced
nutrient removal technologies that will remove most of the nutrients from the wastewater.
31
biodegradation organic matter
of municipal wastewater
activated sludge process
secondary treatment
aerates the wastewater

reduction of:
BOD, COD and SS

Low removal efficiency of:

• nutrients: N, P
• emerging pollutants:
Pharmaceuticals and personal
care products (PPCPs)
(e.g. hormones)

32
Moazzam Shahzad , Sher Jamal Khan and Parneet Paul
33
(Water 2015, 7, 1-x; doi:10.3390/w70x000x
restoration of water quality in reservoirs, lakes
and rivers, coastal area, groundwater
nutrient removal: N

Microcystis aeruginosa (mcyB)

harmful algal blooms

34
 restoration of water quality in reservoirs, lakes and
rivers, coastal area, groundwater
nutrient removal: N

The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact

By: Anne Bernhard (Department of Biology, Connecticut College) © 2010 Nature Education 35
 restoration of water quality in reservoirs, lakes and
rivers, coastal area, groundwater
nutrient removal: N

Anammox cells contain cytochrome c type proteins

(~30% of the protein complement).
These proteins include the enzymes that perform the key catabolic reactions of
the anammox process, making the cells remarkably red.
Nature. 479 (7371): 127–130
https://vimeo.com/108132131
36
 treatment of potable water

Water Source Flocculants

Sedimentation
Filtration

Storage

• disinfection:
DBPs
biofilm Disinfection
e.g. THMs

37
 treatment of potable water
The coagulation and filtration processes at a drinking water treatment plant

biofiltration
processes

During filtration, water passes through filters, some made of layers of sand, gravel, and
charcoal that help remove even smaller particles. Filtration and later chemical treatment
(e.g., chlorine) played a role in reducing the number of waterborne disease outbreaks in
the early 1900s.
USEPA Environmental-Protection-Agency 38
 bioremediation of contaminated sites

彰化縣農地污染控制場址現地植
生復育重金屬污染土壤之可行性
phytoremediation 評估計畫

the technologies that use living

plants to treat soil (water or air)
contaminated with hazardous
substances 39
bioremediation of contaminated sites
地下水生物整治 (Bioremediation)
• Toxicity
Biosensors measuring concentrations of hazardous substances
are often based on the measurement of bioluminescence.

Why use biosensors for toxicity detection ?

41
 An
overview of
climate change the algae
industry in
Europe

sustainability

2022-10-03
EU Biomass Flows

• bioenergy
• green technology
• biodiesel agricultural, aquatic or forestry origin

• biofuel update 2022

• bioeconomy the flows of biomass for each sector of the bioeconomy, from
supply to uses including trade 42
 An overview of the algae industry in Europe

Figure 10 macroalgae production systems.海藻（seaweed）又稱大型藻（macroalgae）

Enhanced EU production and use of algae can help:

• ensuring sustainable food and farming systems,
• economic circularity and,
• bio-based products.
This potential of algae to provide viable and sustainable
alternative food and feed materials and to produce other
bio-based products is recognised in the Sustainable Blue
Economy Communication and other policy instruments.
43
Comparison of biotechnological treatment
and other methods

 What are the advantages and disadvantages of

environmental biotechnology?
 The main considerations for application of
biotechnology in waste treatment.
 Combination of biotechnological with other
treatments.

44
 The pollution of water, soil, solid wastes, and air can be
prevented or removed by physical, chemical,
physicochemical, or biological methods.

• Advantages of biotechnological treatment of wastes are as

follows:
1. biodegradation or detoxication of a wide spectrum of
hazardous substances by natural microorganisms
2. availability of a wide range of biotechnological methods
for complete destruction of hazardous wastes
3. a diverse set of conditions that are suitable for
biotechnological methods

45
• Disadvantages of biotechnological methods for the
prevention of pollution and treatment of environment
and wastes:
1. Nutrients and electron acceptors must be added to
intensify the biotreatment
2. Optimal conditions must be maintained in the
treatment system
3. There may be unexpected or negative effects of
applied microorganisms, such as emission of cells,
odors or toxic gases during the biotreatment, presence
or release of pathogenic, toxigenic, opportunistic
microorganisms into the environment
4. There may be unexpected problems in the
management of the biotechnological system because
of the complexity and high sensitivity of the biological
processes
46
The main considerations for application of biotechnology
in waste treatment are:
(何種條件/狀況下會促成/傾向/優先選用生物技術)

• technically and economically reasonable rate

• large volume of treated wastes

• a low concentration of pollutant in water or waste is

preferred

• ability of natural microorganisms to degrade substances

• better public acceptance of biotechnological treatment

47
technically and economically reasonable rate

48
technically and economically reasonable rate

福德坑環保復育公園 北投焚化爐

49
 big volume of treated wastes

Lab scale
Pilot scale

Full scale 50
ability of natural microorganisms to degrade substances

For a clean environment, with the power of microbes

51
 Combination of biotechnological with
other treatments
• In some cases, a combination of biotechnological and
chemical/physical treatments may be more efficient than
one type of treatment.
• Efficient pre-treatment schemes, used prior to
biotechnological treatment, include:

homogenization of the particles of solid in water, chemical

oxidation of (H2O2 , ozone, or Fenton’s reagent)
photochemical oxidation
preliminary washing of wastes using surfactants
52