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HYPERBOLA

1. DEFINITION
A hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that the ratio of its distances from a fixed point
(called focus) and a fixed line (called directrix) is a constant which is greater than one. This ratio is called
eccentricity and is denoted by e. For a hyperbola e > 1.
Let S be the focus, QN be the directrix and P be any point on the hyperbola. Then, by definition
PS
or PS = e PN, e > 1,
PN
where PN is the length of the perpendicular from P on the directrix QN.

S
An Alternate Definition
A hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves in such a way that the difference of its distances from two
fixed points (called foci) is constant.

2. EQUATION OF HYPERBOLA IN STANDARD FORM

x2 y2
 1
P
The general form of standard hyperbola is

where a and b are constants.

a2 b2

N M' P(x, y) L
M
Axis

Rectum
IN
X' X
A' Z' C
Conjugate

S' Z S(ae, 0)
A(a, 0)
(-a, 0)

(-ae, 0)
Latus
Directrix

x = a/e
Directrix

N' L'
x=-a/e
B'
Y'
3. TERMS RELATED TO A HYPERBOLA
x2 y2
A sketch of the locus of a moving point satisfying the equation   1 , has been shown in the figure given
a2 b2
above.
Symmetry Since only even powers of x and y occur in the above equation, so the curve is symmetrical about
both the axes.
Foci If S and S' are the two foci of the hyperbola and their coordinatesd are (ae, 0) and (–ae, 0) respectively,
then distance between foci is given by SS' = 2ae.
a
Directries ZM and Z' M' are the two directrices of the hyperbola and their equations are x = and
e
a 2a
x =– respectively, then the distance directrices is given by zz' = .
e e
Axes The lines AA' and BB' are called the transverse axis and conjugate axis respectively of the hyperbola.
The length of transverse axis = AA' = 2a

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The length of conjugate axis = BB' = 2b
Centre The point of intersection C of the axes of hyperbola is called the centre of the hyperbola. All chords,
passing through C, are bisected at C.

Vertices The points A  (a, 0) and A'  (–a, 0) where the curve meets the line joining the foci S and S', are
called the vertices of the hyperbola.

Focal Chord A chord of the hyperbola passing through its focus is called a focal chord.

Focal Distances of a Point The difference of the focal distances of any point on the hyperbola is constant
and equal to the length of the transverse axis of the hyperbola. If P is any point on the hyperbola, then
S'P – SP = 2a = Transverse axis.

Latus Rectum If LL' and NN' are the latus rectum of the hyperbola then these lines are perpendicular to the
transverse axis AA', passing through the foci S and S' respectively.
 b2    b 2 

S
L   ae, , L'   ae,

 a 


 a  ,
 b2    b 2 
N    ae, , N'    ae,

 a 


 a  .
2b 2
Length of latus rectum = LL' = = NN'.
a
Eccentricity of the Hyperbola We know that
P or
SP = e PM or

SP2 = e2 PM2
a
(x – ae)2 + (y – 0)2 = e2 N'   x  
2

 e
(x – ae)2 + y2 = (ex – a)2
x2 + a2e2 – 2aex + y2 = e2x2 – 2aex + a2
x2 (e2 – 1) – y2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
IN
x2 y2
  1.
a2 a 2 (e 2  1)
x2 y2 b2
On comparing with   1 , we get b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) or e = 1
a2 b2 a2
4. PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS OF THE HYPERBOLA
Since coordinates x = a sec  and y = b tan  satisfy the equation
x2 y2
 1
a2 b2
x2 y 2
for all real values of  therefore, x = a sec , y = b tan  are the parametric equations of the hyperbola 2  2  1 ,
a b
where the parameter 0  < 2.
x2 y 2
Hence, the coordinates of any point on the hyperbola 2  2  1 may be taken as (a sec , b tan ). This
a b
point is also called the point ''.
The angle  is called the eccentric angle of the point (a sec, b tan) on the hyperbola.
Equation of Chord The equation of the chord joining the points
P  (a sec1, b tan1) and Q  (a sec 2, b tan 2) is
x y 1
x    2  y    2     2  a sec 1 b tan 1 1  0
cos  1   sin  1   cos  1  or
a  2  b  2   2  a sec  2 b tan  2 1

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Y
5. CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA S(0, be)

The hyperbola whose transverse and conjugate axes are respectively the

conjugate and transverse axes of a given hyperbola is called the conjugate hyperbola
B(0, b) y = b/e
of the given hyperbola. Z
X' X
The conjugate hyperbola of the hyperbola. C

x2 y2 B(0, -b) y = -b/e

2
 2
1
a b

S'(0,-be)
x2 y2  2 2 
 i.e., x  y  1
is    1
a2 b 2  a 2
b 2 
 
Y'

S
6. PROPERTIES OF HYPERBOLA AND ITS CONJUGATE

Hyperbola Conjugate Hyperbola

x2 y2  x2 y2 x2 y2
Standard equation  1   1 or   1
a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
P
Centre

Equation of transverse axis y = 0

(0, 0) (0, 0)

x = 0

Equation of conjugate axis x = 0 y = 0

Length of transverse axis 2a 2b

IN
Length of Conjugate axis 2b 2a

Foci (± ae, 0) (0, ± be)

Equation of directrices x = ± a/e y = ± b/e

Vertices (± a, 0) (0, ± b)

a 2  b2 a 2  b2
Eccentricity e e
a2 b2

2b 2 2a2
Length of latus rectum
a b
Parameter Coordinates (a sec , b tan ) (b sec , a tan )
Focal radii SP = ex1 – a and S'P = ex1 + a SP = ey1 – b and S'P = ey1 + b

Difference of focal 2a 2b
radii (S'P – SP)

Tangent at the vertices x = ± a y = ± b

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2 2
Ex.1 Find the eccentricity of the conic represented by x – y – 4x + 4y + 16 = 0.
Sol. We have x2 – y2 – 4x + 4y + 16 = 0
 (x2 – 4x) – (y2 – 4y) = 16  (x2 – 4x + 4) – (y2 – 4y + 4) = – 16

( x  2)2 ( y  2)2
 (x – 2)2 – (y – 2)2 = –16   1
42 42

X2 Y 2
Shifting the origin at (2, 2), we obtain   1 , where x = X + 2, y + Y + 2
42 42

This is rectangular hyperbola, whose eccentricity is always 2.

Ex.2 Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and eccentricity 3.

S
Sol. Let P(x, y) be any point on the hyperbola and PM is perpendicular from P on the directrix.
Then by definition
SP = e PM
 (SP)2 = e2 (PM)2

2
P 


2
 2x  y  1
(x – 1) + (y – 2) = 3 2
 4 1 


5(x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 5) = 3(4x2 + y2 + 1 + 4xy – 2y – 4x)

 7x2 – 2y2 + 12 xy – 2x + 9y – 22 = 0
which is the required hyperbola.
IN
Ex.3 Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola 16x2 – 32x – 3y2 + 12y = 44.
Sol. We have, 16(x2 – 2x) – 3 (y2 – 4y) = 44

( x  1)2 ( y  2)2
 16(x – 1)2 – 3 (y – 2)2 = 48   1
3 16
This equation represents a hyperbola with eccentricty given
2
 Conjugate axis   4  19
e  1     1    

 Transverse axis   3 3

7. POSITION OF A POINT WITH RESPECT TO A HYPERBOLA

x2 y2 x12 y 12
The point P(x1, y1) lies outside, on or inside the hyperbola   1 according as   1  0. = 0 or
a2 b2 a2 b2
< 0.

8. CONDITION FOR TRANGENCY AND POINTS OF CONTACT

x2 y2
The condition for the line y = mx + c to be a tangent to the hyperbola   1 is that c2 = a2m2 – b2
a2 b2
and the coordinates of the points of contact are
 a 2m b2 
 , 
 
 a 2m 2  b 2 a 2m 2  b 2 

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2 2
x y
Ex.4 Show that the line x cos  + y sin  = p touches the hyperbola   1 if a2 cos2  – b2 sin2  = p2.
a2 b2
Sol. The given line is
x cos  + y sin  = p  y sin  = – x cos  + p
 y = – x cot  + p cosec 
Comparing this line with y = mx + c
m = – cot , c = p cosec 

x2 y2
Since the given line touches trhe hyperbola   1 then
a2 b2
c2 = a2m2 – b2  p2 cosec2  = a2 cot2  – b2 or p2 = a2 cos2  – b2 sin2 

S
9. EQUATION OF TANGENT IN DIFFERENT FORMS

x2 y2
Point Form The equation of the tangent to the hyperbola 2
  1 at the point (x , y ) is
a b2 1 1

xx1 yy1
2
  1.
a b2
x  x1
PNote : The equation of tangent at (x1, y1) can also be obtained by replacing x2 by xx1, y2 by yy1, x by

by
y  y1
2
and xy by
xy 1  x1y
2
of second degree in x and y.
. This method is used only when the equation of hyperbola is a polynomial
2
,y

x2 y2
n
Parametric Form The eq of the tangent to the hyperbola   1 at the point (a sec, b tan) is
a2 b2
IN
x y
sec   tan   1
a b
x2 y2
Slope Form The equation of tangent to the hyperbola   1 in terms of slope 'm' is
a2 b2
y = mx ± a 2m 2  b 2

The coordinates of the points of contact are

 a 2m b2 
 , 
 
 a 2m 2  b 2 a 2m 2  b 2 
Notes :

 Number of Tangents From a Point Two tangents can be drawn from a point to a hyperbola. The two tangents
are real and distinct or coincident or imaginary according as the given point lies outside, on or inside the
hyperbola.

 Director Circle It is the locus of points from which  tangents are drawn to the hyperbola. The equation
of director circle of the hyperbola
x2 y2
  1 is x2 + y2 = a2 – b2.
a2 b2

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10. EQUATION OF NORMAL IN DIFFERENT FORMS

x2 y2
Point Form The equation of the normal to the hyperbola   1 at the point (x , y ) is
a2 b2 1 1

a2 x b 2 y
  a 2  b2
x1 y1

x2 y2
Parametric Form The equation of the normal to the hyperbola   1 at the point (a sec, b tan) is
a2 b2
ax by
  a 2  b2
sec  tan 
x2 y2
Slope Form The equation of normal to the hyperbola   1 in terms of slope 'm' is
a2 b2
m(a 2  b 2 )
y = mx ±

S
a 2  b 2m 2
Notes :
 The coordinates of the points of contact are
 a2 mb 2 
 , 
 
 a 2  b 2m 2 a 2  b 2m 2 
 Number of Normals In general, four normals can be drawn to a hyperbola from a point in its plane i.e.,
P
there are four points on the hyperbola, the normals at which will pass through a given point. These four points
are called the co-normal points.
 Tangent drawn at any point bisects the angle between the lines joining the point to the foci, whereas normal
bisects the supplementary angle between the lines.

11. EQUATION OF THE PAIR OF TANGENTS

IN
The equation of the pair of tangents drawn from a point
x2 y2
P(x1, y1) to the hyperbola 2
  1 is
a b2
SS1 = T2

x2 y2 x 12 y 12
where S   1, S1   1
a2 b2 a2 b2
xx1 yy1
and T 2
 1
a b2

12. CHORD WITH A GIVEN MID POINT

x2 y2
The equation of chord of the hyperbola   1 with P(x , y ) as its middle point is given by T = S where
a2 b2 1 1 1

xx1 yy1 x 12 y 12
T   1 and S1   1
a2 b2 a2 b2

13. CHORD OF CONTACT

x2 y2
The equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point P(x1, y1) to the hyperbola   1 is
a2 b2
xx1 yy1
T = 0, where T  2
 1.
a b2

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2 2
Ex.5 Find the locus of the mid points of the chords of the circle x + y = 16, which are tangent to the hyperbola
9x2 – 16y2 = 144.

x2 y 2
Sol. Any tanget to hyperbola   1 is y = mx + (16m 2  9) ....(i)
16 9

Let (x1, y1) be the mid-point of the chord of the circel x2 + y2 = 16, then equation of the chord is (T = S1)
xx1 + yy1 – (x12 + y12) = 0 ....(ii)
Since (i) and (ii) are same, comparing, we get

m 1 16m 2  9 x1
   m = – y , (x12 + y12)2 = y12 (15m2 – 9)
x1 y1  ( x12  y12 ) 1

Eliminating m and generalizing (x1, y1) required locus is (x2 + y2)2 = 16x2 – 9y2.

S
14. POLE AND POLAR
x2 y2 xx1 yy1
The polar of a point P(x1, y1) w.r.t. the hyperbola   1 is T = 0, where T  2
 1
a 2
b 2
a b2
Notes :
 Pole of a given line lx + my + n = 0 w.r.t. the hyperbola
  a 2l  b 2m 
P a2 b2
 Polar of the focus is the directrix.
x2

y2
 1 is 
 n

,
n




 Any tangent is the polar of its point of contact.

 If the polar of P(x1, y1) passes through Q(x2, y2) then the polar of Q will pass through P and such points
are said to the conjugate points.
IN
 If the pole of a line lx + my + n = 0 lies on the another line l'x + m'y + n' = 0, then the pole of the second
line will lie on the first and such lines are said to be conjugate lines.

15. EQUATION OF A DIAMETER OF A HYPERBOLA

x2 y2 b2
The equation of the diameter bisecting chords of slope m of the hyperbola   1 is y  .
a2 b2 a 2m
16. CONJUGATE DIAMETERS
Two diameters of a hyperbola are said to be conjugate diameters if each bisects the chord parallel to the other.
x2 y2 b2
If m1 and m2 be the slopes of the conjugate diameters of a hyperbola   1 , then m m =
a2 b2 1 2
a2
17. ASYMPTOTES OF HYPERBOLA
x2 y2 bx
The lines 2
 2
 0 i.e., y = ± are called the asymptotes of the hyperbola.
a b a
The curve comes close to these lines as x   or x  – but never meets them. In other words, asymtote
to a curve touches the curve at infinity.
Note :
x2 y2 b
 The angle between the asymptotes of 2
  1 is 2tan–1   .
2
a b a
 Asymptotes are the diagonals of the rectangle passing through A, B, A', B' with sides parallel to axes.

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 A hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola have the same asymptotes.
 The asymptotes pass through the centre of the hyperbola.
 The bisector of the angle between the asymptotes are the coordinates axes.
x2 y 2
 The product of the perpendicular from any point on the hyperbola 2  2  1 to its asymptotes is a
a b
a 2b 2
constant equal to 2 .
a  b2
 Any line drawn parallel to the asymptote of the hyperbola would meet the curve only at one point.
 A hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola have the same asymptotes.
18. RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA
If asymptotes of the standard hyperbola are perpendicular to each other, then it is known as Rectangular Hyperbola.
Then
b 
2 tan–1   b = a or x2 – y2 = a2

S
a 2
is general form of the equation of the rectangular hyperbola.
If we take the coordinate axes along the asymptotes of a rectangle hyperbola, then equation of rectangular
hyperbola becomes : xy = c2, where c is any constat.
In parametric form, the equation of rectangular hyperbola
x = ct, y = c/t, where t is the parameter.
P
The point (ct, c/t) on the hyperbola xy = c2 is generally referred as the point 't'.
Properties of Rectangular Hyperbola, x2 – y2 = t2
 The equations of asymptotes of the rectangular hyperbola are y = ± x.
 The transverse and conjugate axes of a rectangular hyperbola are equal in length.

b2
 Eccentricity, e = 1  2.
a2
IN
Properties of Rectangular hyperbola xy = c2
 Equation of the chord joining 't1' and 't2' is
x + yt1t2 – c (t1 + t2) = 0
 Equation of tangnet at (x1, y1) is
x y
xy1 + x 1y = 2c2 or  2
x1 y 1
x
 Equation of tangent at 't' is : + yt = 2c.
t
 2ct 1t 2 2c 
 
 Point of intersection of tangents at 't1' and 't2' is t t , t t 
 1 2 12
 Equation of normal at (x1, y1) is xx1 – yy1 = x12 – y12.
 Equation of normal at 't' is: xt3 – yt – ct4 + c = 0
 The equation of the chord of the hyperbola xy = c 2 whose middle point is (x 1, y1 ) is T = S1 i.e.,
xy1 + x 1 y = 2x 1 y1 .
 The slope of the tangent at the point (ct, c/t) is – 1/t2, which is always negative. Hence tangents drawn at
any point to xy = c2 would always make an obtuse angle with the x-axis.
 The slope of the normal at the point (ct, c/t) is t 2 which is always positive. Hence normal drawn to
xy = c2 at any point would always make an acute angle with the x-axis.

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SOLVED EXAMPLES

1 1
Ex.1 If eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola are e and e’ respectively, then 2
 is equal to
e e' 2
[1] 1 [2] 2 [3] 0 [4] 3

x2 y2
Sol. Let equation of the hyperbola be 2
  1.
a b2

x2 y2
The equation of its conjugate hyperbola will be   1
a2 b2
Since their eccentricities are e and e’, so

S
b2 a2  b2
e2 = 1 + 2
 ....(1)
a a2

a2 a2  b2
e’2 = 1 + 2
 ....(2)
b b2

1 1
(1), (2)  2
 1 Ans.(1)
e' 2
Ex.2
P[1] 2
e
The eccentricity of the conjugate hyperbola to the hyperbola x2 – 3y2 = 1 is-

[2] 2 / 3 [3] 4 [4] 4/3

Sol. Equation of the conjugate hyperbola to the hyperbola x2 – 3y2 = 1 is

x 2 y2
–x2 + 3y2 =1    1
1 1/ 3
IN
Here a2 = 1, b2 = 1/3

 eccentricity e = 1  a2 / b2  1  3  2 Ans.(1)
Ex.3 The equation of the common tangent to the parabola y = 8x and the hyperbola 3x – y2 = 3 is-
2 2

[1] 2x ± y + 1 = 0 [2] x ± y + 1 = 0 [3] x ± 2y + 1 = 0 [4] x ± y + 2 = 0

2
Sol. Parabola y = 8x  4a = 8  a = 2
2
Any tangent to the parabola is y = mx + ...(i)
m
If it is also tangent to the hyperbola

x2 y 2
  1 i.e., a2 = 1, b2 = 3 then
1 3
2
2 2
c = a m – b     1.m  3
2 2 2 2
m
 
or m4 – 3m2 – 4 = 0  (m2 – 4) (m2 + 1) = 0
 m = ± 2 putting for m in (i), we get the tangents as 2x ± y + 1 = 0 Ans.(1)

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Ex.4 The locus of the point of intersection of the lines 3 x  y  4 3 k  0 and 3 kx  ky  4 3  0 for different
values of k is-
[1] Ellipse [2] Parabola [3] Circle [4] Hyperbola
Sol. 3 xy  4 3 k ....(i)

K( 3 x  y)  4 3 ....(ii)
To find the locus of their point of intersection eliminate the variable K between the equations from

3x  y
(i) K= and putting in (ii), we get
4 3

( 3 x  y)( 3 x  y)  3(4)2
3x2 – y2 = 48

x2 y 2

S
or  1
16 48
hence the locus is hyperbola. Ans.(4)
Ex.5 The area of a triangle formed by the lines x – y = 0, x + y = 0 and any tangent to the hyperbola x2 – y2 = a2 is-
[1] a2 [2] 2a2 [3] 3a2 [4] 4a2
Sol. Any tangent to the hyperbola at
P(a sec , a tan ) is
x sec  – y tan  = a ...(i)
PAlso x–y=0
x+ y = 0
Solving the above three lines in pairs, we get the point A, B, C as
...(ii)
....(iii)

 a a 
 , 
 sec   tan  sec   tan  

 a a 
IN
 sec   tan  , sec   tan   and (0, 0)
 
Since the one vertex is the origin therefore the area of the triangle ABC is
1
(x y – x2y1)
2 1 2

a2  1 1  a
2
  2 2
 2 2
  ( 2)  a 2  a 2 Ans.(1)
2  sec   tan  sec   tan   2

Ex.6 The locus of the mid point of the chords of the circle x2 + y2 = 16, which are tangent to the hyperbola
9x2 – 16y2 =144 is
[1] x2 + y2 = a2 – b2 [2] (x2 + y2)2 = a2 – b2 [3] (x2 + y2)2 = a2x2 – b2y2[4] (x2 + y2)2 = a2 + b2
Sol. Let (h, k) be the mid point of the chord of the circle x2 + y2 = a2, so that its equation by T = S1 is

h h2  k 2
hx + ky = h2 + k2 or y = – x i.e., the form y = mx + c
k k
It will touch the hyperbola if c2 = a2m2 – b2
2 2
 h2  k 2 
    a 2   h   b 2
 k   k
 
(h2 + k2)2 = a2h2 – b2k2
Generalising, the locus of the mid point (h, k) is (x2 + y2)2 = a2x2 – b2y2 Ans.(3)

Hazratganj, Lucknow Ph.: 9953737836, 9838162263. e-mail id: [email protected]

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Ex.7 The length of LR of the hyperbola
9x2 – 16y2 – 18x – 32y – 151 = 0 is
[1] 9/4 [2] 9 [3] 3/2 [4] 9/2
2 2
Sol. 9x – 16y – 18x – 32y – 151 = 0
 9 (x – 1)2 – 16 (y + 1)2 = 144

( x  1)2 ( y  1)2
  1
16 9
Here a2 = 16, b2 = 9

2b 2 2(9) 9
 length of LR =   Ans.(4)
a 4 2

x2 y2
Ex.8 The number of normals which can be drawn from an external point on the hyperbola   1 is-
a2 b2

S
[1] 2 [2] 4 [3] 6 [4] 8
Sol. Equation of any normal to the hyperbola is

m(a 2  b 2 )
y = mx –
a 2  b 2m 2
 (a2 – b2m2) (y – mx)2 = m2(a2 + b2)2
If it passes through the point (x1, y1) then
P (a2 – b2m2) (y1 – mx1)2 = m2(a2 + b2)2
It is 4 degree equation in m, so it gives 4 values of m. Corresponding to there 4 values, for normals can be drawn
from the point (x1, y1). Ans.(2)
x2 y2
Ex.9 If foci of a hyperbola are foci of the ellipse   1. If the eccentricity of the hyperbola be 2, then its equation
25 9
is-

x2 y 2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
IN
[1]  1 [2]  1 [3]  1 [4] none of these
4 12 12 4 12 4

4
Sol. For ellipse e = , so foci = (±4, 0)
5

ae 4
For hyperbola e = 2, so a =   2, b = 2 4  1  2 3
e 2

x2 y 2
Hence equation of the hyperbola is  1 Ans.(1)
4 12

x2 y2
Ex.10 Line x cos  + y sin  = p is a normal to the hyperbola 2
  1 , if-
a b2

(a 2  b 2 )2 (a 2  b 2 )2
[1] a2 sec2  – b2 cosec2  = 2 [2] a2 sec2  + b2 cosec2  =
p p2

(a 2  b 2 )2 (a 2  b 2 )2
[3] a2 cos2  – b2 sin2  = [4] a2 cos2  + b2 sin2  =
p2 p2

Hazratganj, Lucknow Ph.: 9953737836, 9838162263. e-mail id: [email protected]

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Sol. Equation of a normal to the hyperbola is
ax cos  + by cot  = a2 + b2
comparing it with the given line equation

a cos  b cot  a 2  b 2
 
cos  sin  p

ap bp
 sec   2 2
, tan  
cos (a  b ) sin (a2  b2 )
Eliminating , we get

a 2p 2 b 2p 2
 1
cos 2 (a 2  b 2 )2 sin2 (a 2  b 2 )2

(a 2  b 2 )2
 a2 sec2  – b2 cosec2  = Ans.(1)
p2

S
x2 y2 y2 x2
Ex.11 The equation of the common tangents to the two hyperbola   1 and   1 are-
a2 b2 a2 b2

[1] y = ± x ± b2  a2 [2] y = ± x ± a 2  b2 [3] y = ± x ± (a2 – b2) [4] y = ± x ± a 2  b2

x2 y2
Sol.
P Any tangent to the hyperbola

or
a2

y = mx + c

b2
 1 is y = mx ± a 2m 2  b 2

where c = ± a 2m 2  b 2

y2 x2
This will touch the hyperbola 2
 1
a b2

(mx  c ) 2 x2
IN
if the equation 2
 1 has equal roots or x2(b2m2 – a2) + 2b2 mcx + (c2 – a2) b2 = 0 is an quadratic

a b2
eqaution have equal roots
4b4 m2c2 = 4(b2m2 – a2) (c2 – a2)b2
c2 = a2 – b2m2
a2m2 – b2 = a2 – b2m2
m2(a2 + b2) = a2 + b2  m = ± 1

Hence, the eqaution of the common tangents are y = ± x ± a 2  b2 Ans.(2)

Ex.12 For what value of  does the line y = 2x +  touches the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 = 144?
[1]  2 5 [2] 5 [3]  3 5 [4]  4 5

x2 y 2
Sol.  Equation of hyperbola is 16x2 – 9y2 = 144 or  1
36 9

x2 y2
Comparing this with  1
a2 b2
we get a2 = 9, b2 = 16 and comparing this line y = 2x +  with y = mx + c ; m = 2 & c = .
If the line y = 2x +  touches the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 = 144
then c2 = a2 m2 – b2   = 9(2)2 – 16 = 36 – 16 = 20 ;  =±2 5 Ans.(1)

Hazratganj, Lucknow Ph.: 9953737836, 9838162263. e-mail id: [email protected]

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Ex.13 Distance between directrices of the hyperbola x = 8 sec , y = 8 tan 
[1] 16 2 [2] 8 2 [3] 6 2 [4] 4 2
2 2
Sol. Hyperbola is x – y = 64 which is rectangular hyperbola.
So its e  2

2a 2(8)
Here a = 8. Hence distance between directrices   8 2 Ans.(2)
e 2

Ex.14 Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola x2 – 4y2 = 36 which is perpendicular to the line x – y + 4 = 0.

[1] x – y + 3 = 0 [2] x + y  3 3 [3] 2x + y  3 3 [4] x – y – 3 3

Sol. Let m be the slope of the tangent since the tangent is perpendicular to the line x – y + 4 = 0.
 m × 1 = –1  m = –1

x2 y 2

S
since x2 – 4y2 = 36 or  1
36 9

x2 y2
Comparing this with   1;  a2 = 36 & b2 = 9 so the equation of tangents are
a2 b2

y = (–1) x ± 36 x( 1)2  9  y = –x ± 27 or x + y ± 3 3 =0 Ans.(2)

Ex.15
P The product of the length of perpendiculars drawn from any point on the hyperbola x2 – 2y2 – 2 = 0 to its
asymptotes is

1 2 3
[1] [2] [3] [4] 2
2 3 2
Sol. Any point on the given hyperbola is

P( 2 sec , tan )
IN
Asymptotes are x – 2y  0 , x+ 2y  0
Product of perpendiculars from P on these asymptotes

( 2 sec   2 tan )( 2 sec   2 tan )


1 2

2 sec 2   2 tan 2  2
  Ans.(2)
3 3

Hazratganj, Lucknow Ph.: 9953737836, 9838162263. e-mail id: [email protected]