Science – Grade 6 Quarter 4 – Module1 - Changes on the Earth’s Surface as a Result of Earthquakes First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module
Writer: Jennifer B. Victorino Editors: Joewel M. Armas, Rose Ann B. Pamintuan Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez, Janeth D. Morte Illustrator: Edison P. Clet Layout Artist: Margie A. Rosario Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Carolina T. Rivera, Ed. D OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed. D. Chief - Curriculum Implementation Division Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP) Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS) Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS) Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports) Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM) Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang) Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP) Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City Science 6 Quarter 4 Self-Learning Module 1 Changes on the Homogeneous andEarth’s Surface Heterogeneous as a Result of Earthquakes Mixtures Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module 1 about the changes on the
earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes. This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the Learner:
Welcome to the Science 6 Self-Learning Module about the changes on the
earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes. This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire module. EXPECTATION
This module will focus on the changes on the earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe what happens to the earth's surface during an earthquake;
2. identify the changes on the earth's surface as a result of an earthquake; and 3. appreciate the importance of knowing the changes on the earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes.
PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in a separate paper.
1. Which of the following is an effect of an earthquake?
A. environmental pollution B. global pandemic C. tsunami wave D. weather disturbance
2. Severe injuries in people caused by collapsed infrastructure, falling
debris, and flash floods during an earthquake may cause __________. A. death of people B. burning of house C. liquefaction of soil D. deformation of grounds
3. Which of the following may result from broken gas pipes and contact of live wires during an earthquake? A. building fire B. tsunami wave C. rock landslide D. environmental pollution 4. Which of the following best describes a landslide? A. Loose rocks and soil slide down the mountain. B. Giant waves reach the shorelines. C. Parts of the ground open up. D. Ground softens.
5. Among the harmful effects of earthquake, which one below should be the priority? A. loss of lives B. formation of land C. burning of houses D. destruction of infrastructure
RECAP Let us see what you learned from the previous lesson.
Directions: Draw a happy face (😊) if the statement is True and a sad face (☹ ) if it is False. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. 1. The sudden movement of the earth’s crust is called an earthquake. 2. Magnitude is the total amount of energy released by the sudden tectonic movement. 3. The actual damage brought about by the earthquake is called tsunami. 4. Seismograph is used to determine the intensity of an earthquake. 5. Seismograph is the instrument used to record the magnitude of an earthquake.
LESSON
What is an earthquake?
Earthquakes are vibrations or tremors produced in the earth’s outer
layer or crust. An earthquake can be tectonic or volcanic. A tectonic earthquake occurs when parts of the earth’s crust break and the rocks along a fault slide close to each other or away from each other. This is called faulting. An earthquake may also be volcanic. Tremors are often produced to signal an upcoming volcanic eruption in a vicinity or region. Focus is a break in the ground caused by the pressure of the moving rock. It is the place where the earthquake originates. Epicenter is the point or line on the earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Scientists or experts in this field are called seismologists.
What are the effects of earthquakes?
1. Damage to infrastructures - Earthquakes can cause great damages to
buildings, roads, railroads, factories, dams, bridges, etc.
2. Landslides - The shocks produced by earthquakes particularly in hilly
areas and mountains which are tectonically sensitive causes landslides and debris fall on human settlements and transport system on the lower slope segments, inflicting damage to them.
3. Fires - The strong vibrations caused by severe earthquakes strongly shake
the buildings and thus causing severe fires in houses, mines, and factories because of overturning of cooking gas, breaking of gas pipes, contact of live electric wires, churning of blast furnaces, and displacement of other fire related and electric appliances. 4. Flashfloods - Strong seismic waves can damage dams thereby causing severe flash floods. This can also happen as a result of the blocking of the water flow of rivers due to rocks and debris produced by severe tremors in the hill slopes facing the river valleys. Sometimes the blockage is so severe that rivers change their main course.
5. Deformation of ground surface - Severe tremors and resultant vibrations
caused by earthquakes result in the deformation of ground surface because of the rising and sinking of ground surface and faulting activity (formation of faults).
6. Tsunamis - The seismic waves caused by earthquake (measuring more
than 7 on Richter scale) travelling through sea water generate high sea waves and cause great loss of life and property. https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/what-tsunami-ncna943571
7. Liquefaction - It is the ground failure or loss of strength that causes
otherwise solid soil to behave temporarily as a liquid due to ground shaking.
Directions: Study the pictures that show before and after an earthquake. Describe the effects of the earthquake as shown in the pictures. Write your observation on a separate sheet of paper.
BEFORE AFTER OBSERVATIONS
4 5
Activity 2- Mix and Match!
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form the correct word or phrase. Match the word or phrase with the given description. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Word/Phrase Description 1. nadldeseli A. Earthquakes loosen rocks and soil on the sides of mountains and hills that slide down and bury towns and neighborhoods. 2. tructsedion fo B. It can happen when electrical power and tyreprop gas lines break due to earthquake. 3. refi C. Structures, such as buildings, dams, bridges and houses may collapse as an effect of an earthquake. 4. tismuna D. People’s lives may be endangered when the ground displaces, buildings and houses collapse and fires break as a cause of an earthquake. 5. ssol fo viles E. It is a seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on the shore.
Activity 3- It’s Shaking!
Directions: Watch the video clip. Jot down important details then answer the questions below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Video clip link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frXqUhu_kkk Questions: 1. Based on the video clip, what happens to the surface of the earth during an earthquake? 2. Describe each effect of an earthquake to the surface of the earth. WRAP–UP
Directions: Choose the correct word that describes in each number. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
fires tsunami liquefaction
landslides damage to infrastructure earthquake
1. These are big waves resulting from the movement of the seafloor. 2. It can happen when electric lines and gas pipes are damaged due to the strong shaking of the ground. 3. It refers to the sliding down of a mass of rocks and soil from mountains or hills. 4. It occurs when the ground becomes very soft and behaves like a quicksand as a result of the mixing of soil with groundwater during an earthquake. 5. Earthquakes can cause great damage to buildings, roads, railroads, factories, dams, bridges, etc., and thus, can cause heavy damage to human property.
VALUING
What do you think is the importance of knowing the changes in the
surface of the earth after an earthquake? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in a separate paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT an effect of an earthquake?
A. tsunami B. landslides C. construction of buildings D. loss of lives and properties
2. Which of the following may result from broken gas pipes and contact of live wires during an earthquake? A. liquefaction B. flash flood C. rockslide D. fire
3. Which of the following is NOT an effect of an earthquake?
A. Loose rocks and soil slide down the mountain. B. Giant waves reach the shorelines. C. Parts of the ground open up. D. Extreme drought occurs. 4. How does tsunami occur? A. It is caused by an earthquake under the sea. B. It is caused by an earthquake on land. C. It is caused by a rock falling down. D. It is caused by a strong typhoon
5. What must you do first after an earthquake?
A. Extinguish fire. B. Repair cracked walls. C. Save injured people in nearby neighborhood. D. Look for lost belongings swept away by a tsunami. KEY TO CORRECTION 5. 😊 5. A 4. ☹ may vary) 4. A may vary) 3. ☹ 3. A (Answers (Answers 2. 😊 2. C Activity 3 1. 😊 1. A Activity 1 Recap Pretest
Infrastructure 5. D 5. C 5. Damage of 4. E 4. A 4. Liquefaction 3. B 3. Landslides 3. D 2. C 2. Fires (Answers may vary) 2. D 1. A 1. Tsunami 1. C Activity 2 Wrap-Up VALUING: Posttest
REFERENCES A. Books: Evelyn Castante – Padpad. 2017 edition. The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology, 1977 C.M Recto Avenue Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store e.g., pp.393-401
Dr. Amelia Pascual. K to 12 edition. Exploring the World of Science, 776 Aurora Blvd., cor. Boston Street, Cubao, Quezon City, Manila Philippines : 2014 Adriana Publishing, Co., Inc., pp. 264-270
