Ques on 1. What are nutrients?
Answer: The components of food that are necessary for growth and development of our body are
called nutrients.
Ques on 2. Which are the nutrients essen al for our body?
Answer: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water are the nutrients
essen al for our body.
Ques on 3. What is nutri on?
Answer: The process of taking nutrients from our food for the growth and development of body and
to obtain energy is known as nutri on.
Ques on 4. Write the func ons of food.
Answer: The func ons of food are as follows:
Food provides nutrients for proper growth and func oning of the body.
Food gives protec on against diseases.
Food provides energy to carry out physical ac vi es.
Ques on 5. Why does our body need nutri ous food?
Answer: We know that food is needed for the growth of our body. Food gives us energy to work and
play. It gives us resistance against diseases. The components of food are carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water. Nutrients are the components of food that the body needs
in adequate amounts for growth, to reproduce and to lead a normal healthy life. All types of
nutrients have their own func ons to perform, but the different nutrients must act together. So
nutri ous food provides energy for all the ac vi es of body.
Ques on 6. Name the different food groups .
Answer: Food can be broadly sub-divided into the following three groups:
Energy giving food. For example, carbohydrates and fats.
Body building food. For example, proteins.
Protec ve food. For example, vitamins and minerals.
Ques on 7. How will you test for starch in a food sample?
Answer: Take a small quan ty of a food sample, put 2-3 drops of iodine solu on on it. A blue black
colour indicates that the food sample contains starch.
Ques on 8. How will you test for protein in a food sample?
Answer: Take a small quan ty of food sample in a test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and shake the
test tube, a er that add two drops of solu on of copper sulphate and ten drops of caus c soda. A
violet colour indicates presence of protein in the food sample.
Ques on 9. How will you test for fat in a food sample?
Answer: Put the sample of food on a piece of paper and crush it. If the paper at that spot becomes
translucent and greasy, the sample contains fat.
Ques on 10. What are the main carbohydrates found in our food?
Answer: The main carbohydrates found in our food are in the form of starch and sugars.
Ques on 11. Name two energy-producing nutrients.
Answer: The two energy-producing nutrients are: Carbohydrates and Fats.
Ques on 12. Name two nutrients which protect the body from diseases.
Answer: The two nutrients which protect the body from diseases are:
Vitamins. Minerals.
Ques on 13. Name two food items which provide fats.
Answer: The two food items which provide fats are: Oil. Ghee
Ques on 1. Name the food each rich in: dietary fibre. , sugar ,protein ,starch ,fat and oil.
Answer: Dietary fibre: Spinach, cabbage, ladyfinger.
Sugar: Milk, banana, sugarcane.
Protein: Milk, meat, fish, egg.
Starch: Rice, wheat, bajara.
Fat and oil: Bu er, ghee, cheese, groundnut.
Ques on 2. Name the food needed:
a) for strong bones and teeth
b) to prevent scurvy
c) to avoid cons pa on
d) for warmth
e) for growth.
Answer: The bones and teeth are made up of salts of calcium and phosphorus. Calcium is found in
milk, bu ermilk, cheese, green leafy vegetables, ragi. While cereals, pulses, fish and meat are good
sources of phosphorus.
To prevent scurvy, vitamin C is required, which is found in citrus fruits, green and red peppers.
To avoid cons pa on, roughage is very important. Roughage is mostly given by the food derived
from plants, which contains enough cellulose. Most of the vegetables, fruits and whole grain provide
roughage in our food.
For warmth: ghee, bu er, meat, fish, etc.
For growth: milk, green leafy vegetables.
Ques on 3. What are the roles of
(a) carbohydrates, (b) fats,
c) vitamins and d) minerals.
Answer: 1. Role of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide us energy.2.Role of fats: Fats
2.Role of fats: Fats provide us energy.
3. Role of vitamins:
Vitamins are necessary for various physiological ac vi es.
Vitamins keep us healthy and protect us from many diseases.
Vitamins are required for the proper func oning of body parts.
4. Role of minerals: Minerals help us to make our bones and teeth strong.
They help to prepare blood.
Ques on 4. What do you mean by staple food?
Answer: The main food that we eat to provide us energy is called staple food. In our country, rice,
chapa and bread are staple food.
Ques on 5. What is the func on of vitamins?
Answer: Vitamins only help in the proper u liza on of other nutrients such as carbohydrates and
fats. Many vitamins help enzymes in their ac on and are called co-enzymes.
Ques on 6. Name any two sources of Vitamin B.
Answer: The two sources of Vitamin B are: Milk. Soybean.
Ques on 7. Name the vitamin present in orange.
Answer: Vitamin C.
Ques on 8. What is the role of Vitamin C?
Answer: Vitamin C helps in proper growth, healthy teeth, gums and joints and helps the body fight
against the diseases.
Ques on 9. Write the names of fat soluble vitamins.
Answer: Vitamin A and Vitamin D.
Ques on 4. What do you mean by staple food?
Answer: The main food that we eat to provide us energy is called staple food. In our country, rice,
chapa and bread are staple food.
Ques on 5. What is the func on of vitamins?
Answer: Vitamins only help in the proper u liza on of other nutrients such as carbohydrates and
fats. Many vitamins help enzymes in their ac on and are called co-enzymes.
Ques on 6. Name any two sources of Vitamin B.
Answer: The two sources of Vitamin B are: Milk. Soybean.
Ques on 7. Name the vitamin present in orange.
Answer: Vitamin C.
Ques on 8. What is the role of Vitamin C?
Answer: Vitamin C helps in proper growth, healthy teeth, gums and joints and helps the body fight
against the diseases.
Ques on 9. Write the names of fat soluble vitamins.
Answer: Vitamin A and Vitamin D.
Ques on 10. Write the names of any two water soluble vitamins.
Answer: The two water soluble vitamins are: Vitamin B Vitamin C.
Ques on 11. Write the sources of fat.
Answer: Fats are found in vegetable oil, ghee, bu er, milk, cheese, meat, fish, cod-liver oil, etc.
Ques on 12. What are the sources of carbohydrates?
Answer: Rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, sugar and jaggery are the sources of carbohydrates.
Ques on 13. What is roughage? Why its presence in our food is important?
Answer: The rough, fibrous content of food is called roughage. Green vegetables like spinach,
cabbage, ladyfinger and beans contain a good amount of roughage:
Role of roughage: Roughage helps in the movement of bowel. Roughage prevents cons pa on.
Ques on 14. Name the main cons tuent of roughage.
Answer: Cellulose is the main cons tuent of roughage.
Ques on 15. Which among the following provides maximum roughage to the diet if taken in equal
amount? Egg, cucumber, grapes, cabbage.
Answer: Cabbage.
Ques on 16. Name the minerals which make our teeth and bones.
Answer: Calcium and Phosphorus.
Ques on 17. What are various func ons of proteins?
Answer: Func ons of proteins are:
1)Proteins are the building materials of our body.
2)Proteins are the cons tuents of enzymes.
3)Proteins make our muscles, skin, hair and nails.
4)Proteins form a red pigment in blood which acts as an oxygen carrier.
5)Proteins like fibrin help in clo ng of blood.
6)Proteins help in repairing damaged cells, replacing wornout or dead cells and ssues.
7)Proteins help to develop resistance of the body against various infec ons.
Ques on 18. How are vitamins classified?
Answer: Vitamins are classified into two categories:
1) Water soluble vitamins, e.g., vitamins B and C.
2) Fat soluble vitamins, e.g., vitamins A, D, E and K.
Ques on 1. What is a balanced diet?
Answer: A diet in which every component of food (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals,
water and roughage) is present in proper amount is known as a balanced diet.
Ques on 2. How many calories does a 12 - year old boy or girl need each day? How can the boy or
girl get this in his/her diet?
Answer: A 12-year old boy or girl needs 2000-2200 calories per day.
The boy or girl can get this by a diet including dal, rice, ro , green vegetables, ghee and a bit of
jaggery.
Ques on 3. Why does a growing child need more minerals?
Answer: A growing child needs more minerals like calcium and phosphorus for the forma on of
bones.
Ques on 4. Write three important proper es of a balanced diet.
Answer: A balanced diet has the following proper es:
It is rich in essen al nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and certain amino acids,
It provides enough material to take care of the needs of growth, repair and replacement of cells,
ssues and organs of the body.
It provides energy required by the body.
Ques on 5. What is obesity?
Answer: When a person eats too much fat-containing food, then the fats get deposited in his body
and he may end up suffering from a condi on called obesity.
Ques on 6. Explain why people who eat sea-food do not suffer from goitre.
Answer: Goitre is caused due to iodine deficiency. Sea-food is a rich source of iodine and prevents
the occurrence of goitre in people who eat sea-food.
Ques on 1.What is malnutri on? What are its harmful effects?
Answer: Malnutri on is the physical state of a person resul ng either from an imbalanced diet or
from physical inability to absorb nutrients properly due to some diseases . The harmful effects of
malnutri on are:
Deficiency of any of the nutrients in our diet causes diseases.
Deficiency of protein causes kwashiorkor disease.
Deficiency of carbohydrate and protein causes marasmus.
Ques on 2. What is the effect of protein deficiency on the health of children?
Answer: If a child does not get enough protein in his food for long me, he is likely to suffer from
protein deficiency. Children suffering from protein deficiency have light brown hair, face like that of
an old man, always hungry, and distended stomach. They are under-weight and skinny with very li le
flesh on bones. This disease is called Kwashiorkor.
Ques on 3. What is marasmus? What are its symptoms?
Answer: Marasmus is caused by the deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates in children.
Symptom: The child becomes so thin that loose folds of skin can be seen all over the body.
Ques on 4. Write the sources and deficiency diseases of the vitamins ‘A’, ‘B’ complex, C, D, E and K.
Answer: Vitamins Source
1. Vitamin A
Milk, bu er, yellow fruits and vegetables, egg yolk, liver oil of fish.
Diseases - Xerophthalmia, Night blindness, anaemia
2. Vitamin B complex
Milk, egg, green vegetables, cheese, meat, germina ng seeds, yeast and unpolished rice.
Diseases -Beriberi
3. Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, green and red peppers.
Diseases -Scurvy
4. Vitamin D
Milk, egg, fish, liver oil, sunlight.
Diseases-Rickets
5. Vitamin E
Vegetable seeds, eggs, sweet potatoes, oil, meat, sprouted grains.
Diseases -Sterility
6. Vitamin K
Egg yolk, liver, cheese, tomato, cabbage, soybean, cauliflower.
Diseases - Improper coagula on of blood
Ques on 5. What is anaemia? What are the symptoms of anaemia?
Answer: The deficiency of iron in the diet leads to a disease called anaemia.
Symptoms: looks pale, gets red easily, loses weight and nails turn white.
Ques on 6. Why is it advised to take iodised salt?
Answer: Iodised salt contains iodine. Iodine deficiency results in the enlargement of thyroid gland,
retarded growth and mental disability. Iodized salts help us to overcome iodine deficiency.
