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Diffraction

The document describes an experiment to determine the wavelength of mercury green light using a diffraction grating. Key steps include: 1. Adjusting the spectrometer and focusing the telescope on the mercury light source. 2. Carefully placing the diffraction grating in the spectrometer and ensuring it is perpendicular to the incident light. 3. Measuring the angle of diffraction for the 1st and 2nd order maxima on both sides and calculating the wavelength using the diffraction grating equation. 4. The calculated wavelength is then compared to the actual wavelength of mercury green light to determine percent error.

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Kannupriya Kalra
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299 views3 pages

Diffraction

The document describes an experiment to determine the wavelength of mercury green light using a diffraction grating. Key steps include: 1. Adjusting the spectrometer and focusing the telescope on the mercury light source. 2. Carefully placing the diffraction grating in the spectrometer and ensuring it is perpendicular to the incident light. 3. Measuring the angle of diffraction for the 1st and 2nd order maxima on both sides and calculating the wavelength using the diffraction grating equation. 4. The calculated wavelength is then compared to the actual wavelength of mercury green light to determine percent error.

Uploaded by

Kannupriya Kalra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFRACTION GRATING

Aim:- To determine the wavelength of mercury green light using a plane diffraction grating . Apparatus required:- A spectrometer fitted with grating stand, a mercury lamp, a plane diffraction grating, lens etc. Formula used :- (a+b) Sin n = n n= 0,1,2,3,------a = the width of a transparency, b = the width of an opacity, n= the angle of diffraction for the nth order maximum and = the wavelength of mercury green light.

Procedure:1. Adjust the position of the eye-piece of the telescope so that the crosswires are clearly visible. Level the spectrometer by the leveling screws. Focus the telescope on mercury light coming from mercury lamp. 2. Place the grating very carefully into the grating stand fixed on the prism table with its ruled surface towards the telescope. And the plane of grating should be perpendicular to the incident light. 3. Focus the telescope on left side 1st order green maxima and note down the reading of verniers V1 &V2. Now repeat for right side. The difference of the two readings gives 2 1. 4. Repeat for higher order green maxima.

Observations:Number of lines per inch on the grating , N = Grating element, (a+b) = cm Least count of the spectrometer =
Order Vernier Position of the Telescope Diff n of (w.r.t central maxima) 2 n (deg) diffracti Left Right (deg) -on MSR VC VSR Total MSR VC VSR Total X- Y X Y

Ist

V1 V2
Mean 1=

II nd

V1 V2
Mean 1 =

msr = main scale reading vsr = vernier scale reading vc = vernier coincidence LC = Least count Calculation:Wavelength of mercury green light as calculated from 1st order spectrum = (a+b) sin 1 = cm 2nd order spectrum = cm Mean calculated value of wavelength = cm Actual value of wavelength of mercury green light =5461 A0 Result:- Calculated value of wavelength of mercury green light = % error in calculated value of wavelength of mercury green light = Precautions:1. The grating should be held from the edges and the ruled surface should not be touched. 2. The telescope should be focused on the brightest image of the slit while seeing the reflected image. 3. The ruled surface should face away from the collimator. 4. The light should fall on the whole of the grating surface. 5. Angles should be observed very carefully .

Sources of Error:1.Error due to curvature and non- parallelism of the rulings 2. The incident light should be perfectly normal to the plane of grating otherwise the angle of incidence would not be zero which is a condition for the braggers reflection (a+b) sin = n . Due to which internal of
diffracted green light will be reduce.

Setting the grating normal to the incident light. 1. Place the telescope in line with the collimator so that the vertical cross wire falls exactly in the centre of the image of the slit. Note the scale reading. Add 90 to the reading and place the telescope at this reading to set it perpendicular to the axis of the collimator. Clamp it in this position. Rotate the grating table till the plane face of the grating is facing both the collimator and the telescope. Look through the telescope and turn the table very slowly till the centre of the slit falls exactly on the vertical cross wire as shown in fig. In this position the plane of the grating is inclined at an angle of 450 to the incident light. Note the reading .Turn the table through 450 from this position so that the plane of the grating is normal to the incident light with its plane face towards the collimator. The grating is now set normal to the incident light with its ruled surface away from the collimator. Clamp the table in this position 2. Place the eye in front of the collimator and move it gradually towards the telescope till the first order diffracted image is visible. Bring the telescope in this position and observe the image through it. Clamp the telescope in this position. If the resolving power of the grating is sufficiently high two distinct narrow lines corresponding to the wavelength 5890 A0and 5896Ao will lie side by side in the field of view. Ordinarily the two lines will appear as one in the first order spectrum. Turn the tangent screw of the telescope till the vertical cross wire coincides with the centre of the image of the slit. Note the reading of the scale on both the verniers. Similarly observe the first order spectrum on the other side of the direct image and note the reading on both the verniers. 3. Similarly note the reading of the verniers by setting the telescope on the second order diffracted image on either side of the direct light.

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