INTRODUCTION

Here we introduce a smart weather reporting system over the Internet. It allows the people
to directly check the weather states online without the need of a weather forecasting
agency. System uses temperature, humidity as well as rain with humidity sensor to
monitor weather and provide live reporting of the weather statistics. The system
constantly monitors temperature using temperature sensor, humidity using humidity
sensor and also for rain. Weather monitoring system deals with detecting and gathering
various weather parameters at different locations which can be analysed or used for
weather forecasting. The aim of this system is achieved by technologies such as Internet
of Things (IOT) and Cloud. The idea of internet of things is to connect a device to the
internet and to other required connected devices. Using Internet the information from the
IOT device can easily be transferred to the cloud and then from the cloud to the end user.
Weather Monitoring is an essential practical implementation of the concept of Internet of
Things, it involves sensing and recording various weather parameters and using them for
alerts, sending notifications, adjusting appliances accordingly and also for long term
analysis[1]. Also we will try to identify and display trends in parameters using graphical
representation. The devices used for this purpose are used to collect, organize and display
information. It is expected that the internet of things is going to transform the world by
monitoring and controlling the phenomenon of environment by using sensors/devices
which are able to capture, process and transmit weather parameters. Cloud is availability
of computer system resources like data storage, computing power without direct active
management of user. The data captured is transmitted to the cloud so that the data could
be further displayed. Besides this, the system consists of components such as Arduino
UNO board which is a microcontroller board consisting of 14 digital pins, a USB
connection and everything used to support microcontroller; DHT11 is Temperature and
humidity sensor which is used for detecting these mentioned parameters; WIFI module is
used to convert the data collected from the sensors and then send it to the web server. So,
in this way weather conditions of any location can be monitored from any remote location
in the world. The system constantly transmits this data to the micro controller which now
processes this data and keeps on transmitting it to the online web server over a wifi
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connection. This data is live updated to be viewed on the online server system. Also
system allows user to set alerts for particular instances. In today’s world many pollution
monitoring systems are designed by different environmental parameters. Existing system
model is presented IOT based Weather monitoring and reporting system where we can
collect, process, analyze, and present your measured data on web server. Wireless sensor
network management model consists of end device, router, gateway node and
management monitoring center. End device is responsible for collecting wireless sensor
network data, and sending them to parent node, then data are sent to gateway node from
parent node directly or by router. After receiving the data from wireless sensor network,
gateway node extracts data after analyzing and packaging them into Ethernet format data,
sends them to the server. Less formally, any device that runs server software.

Assemble all system as per circuit diagram. Program the NodeMCU using Arduino IDE.
You will get confirmation on your screen once The NodeMCU is a programable controller
which has inbuilt wi-fi module we connect three sensors 1) BMP180 2) DHT11 and 3)
Rain Sensor to NodeMCU. By using these three sensors, we can collect the required
weather data for monitoring purpose. This pooled data is stream over the Internet to
display it or read it from anywhere. After the successfully programmed hardware, the
NodeMCU get one IP address. We can browse this IP address from any of WEB browser
like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer etc.so we display the required live data which
fetched by sensors in beautiful Graphical User Interface format. The weather parameters
that we monitor are Temperature, Pressure, Humidity and Rain. Also, you can check
whether data through anywhere using Internet as we hosted this server publicly. We
developed an android application for easy access to our weather monitoring system.

The weather prediction system is becoming a crucial challenge in every Weather extreme
event that causes an adverse effect of the system on lives and property as well[2]. Hence
the accuracy of weather data is being one of the critical challenges to enhance the weather
prediction skills and build up the resilience to effect of detrimental weather report
condition. In developing timely & accurate weather data due to scarce weathers
observation. The scarce weather monitoring is a part of the high cost of developing
automatic weather situations. The restricted funding is available to national
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meteorological services of the respective countries. In this proposed system the firstly
takes care of the problems and then applies them. An Automatic weather monitoring
Station based on a wireless sensor network. The planning of develop three generations of
Automatic weather stations or AWS prototypes. In this research, the evaluates the 1st-
generation AWS prototype to improve the 2nd generation depending upon the need and
generation. To improve the nonfunctional requirement such a power consumption, data
accuracy, reliability, and data transmission in order to have an Automatic Weather Station.
The non-functional requirement collapsed with cost reduction in order to produce a robust
and affordable Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Therefore the proposed work, like
developing countries like Uganda will be able to acquire the AWS in suitable quantities.
So that it can improve the weather forecasting [3], presents an IoT-based weather
monitoring system.

Sensing of weather’s condition, multilayer perception model and long-term memory are
trained and then it will verify using temperature data, humidity, air pressure of test
environment. In Stage-II, the training is applied to learn the time series of weather
information. To get accurate data or not, to check the system performance, Comparing the
predicted weather data and actually obtained data from the environment Protection
Administrator and central Beuro of Taichung observation system that calculate the
prediction of accuracy. The proposed system has reliable performance on monitoring of
weather.

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 LITRATURE SURVEY
Weather prediction system is becoming a crucial challenge in every Weather extreme
event that causes an adverse effect of the system on lives and property as well. Hence the
accuracy of weather data is being one of the critical challenges to enhance the weather
prediction skills and build up the resilience to effect of detrimental weather report
condition. Describes that Uganda and various other developing countries have looked
challenges in developing timely & accurate weather data due to scarce weathers
observation[1]. The scarce weather monitoring is a part of the high cost of developing
automatic weather situations. The restricted funding is available to national
meteorological services of the respective countries. In this proposed system of the
problems and then applies them. Proposed an Automatic weather monitoring Station
based on a wireless sensor network. The planning of develop three generations of
Automatic weather stations or AWS prototypes. In this research, evaluates the 1st-
generation AWS prototype to improve the 2nd generation depending upon the need and
generation. To improve the nonfunctional requirement such a power consumption, data
accuracy, reliability, and data transmission in order to have an Automatic Weather Station.
The non-functional requirement collapsed with cost reduction in order to produce a robust
and affordable Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Therefore the proposed work, like
developing countries like Uganda will be able to acquire the AWS in suitable quantities.
So that it can improve the weather forecasting in [2], presents an IoT-based weather
monitoring system. In this research, the environmental parameter can be retrieved through
sensors. A different sensor to scale the various parameter like humidity, temperature,
pressure, rain value & the LDR sensor is used. The system also calculates the dew point
value from the temperature prototype. The temperature sensor can be used to measure the
value of the particular area, room, or any place. With the help of the LDR sensor, the light
intensity can be used as described. In this used an additional functionality of the weather
monitoring as SMS alert system based on the exceed the value of the sensing parameters
as temperature, humidity, pressure, light intensity, and rain value. An email and tweet post
alerting system. In this system uses node MCU 8266, and various sensors [3]. A low-cost
live weather monitoring system using OLED display, in which the displays the various
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fields where the IoT has produced innovative things in the system. The described A new
revolutionary system. Which measures the real-time Weather's condition. The monitoring
weather situation is very much helpful for everyone either for farmer or industry or daily
working people or for school as well. So, the by developing a live weather monitoring
system reduced the difficulty level for farmers and industry as well. In this paper, the uses
an OLED display that will display the weather conditions and In the proposed model, the
uses an ESP8266-EX microcontroller-based WeMos D1 board executed on Arduino, that
retrieved the data from the cloud. WeMos D1 is a wifi module that is developed on ESP-
8266EX microcontroller. It has a 4MB flash memory. It one of the Excellent which is
programmed with node MCU and Arduino ide. In this paper Author uses only two gadgets
to measure the weather conditions i.e., Wemos and OLED, After the connection, it will
store the data on the cloud for storing data a thingspeak website is used to display the data
regarding weather. The system displays the data on OLED and thing speak cloud. The's
aim is to obtain live information on weather conditions on OLED display [4], proposed a
system that monitors and predicts the weather condition by which anyone can plan for our
day-to-day life. This activity became helpful in every field either in agriculture or
industry. So as to achieve monitoring and predicting weather info, the uses 2 stages of the
weather management system. In which they amalgamated the information from the
sensors, bus mobility, and deep learning technology is used to allow a weather reporting
system in stations and buses in real-time[5]. Forecasting of weather is achieved through
the friction model. Depending upon the sensing measurement from vehicles like buses,
the work incorporates the strength of local information processing. The talks about in
stage-I, sensing of weather’s condition, multilayer perception model and long-term
memory are trained and then it will verify using temperature data, humidity, air pressure
of test environment. In Stage-II, the training is applied to learn the time series of weather
information. To get accurate data or not, to check the system performance, the comparing
the predicted weather data and actually obtained data from the environment Protection
Administrator and central Beuro of Taichung observation system that calculate the
prediction of accuracy. The proposed system has reliable performance on monitoring of
weather. And this model also proposed a one-day weather forecast or prediction via the

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training mode[6]l. So finally, the demonstrates that this system presents a real-time
weather monitoring and prediction system using bus information management. represents
4 basic components 1- Information management. 2- Interactive bus stop 3- Machine
learning predictive model 4- weather information platform. In this, information shown via
dynamic chart [7], implement an IoT-based weather monitoring system, in this research
paper, the describes that how with the help of IoT technology, the weather can be
monitored. And which provide the info of climate-changing conditions. With the help of
this project, people can be aware of the climate condition changes. It gives an accurate
and efficient output and the algorithm as the swarm is used to implement for further
improving the accuracy. So, in this project, the aims to make a weather monitoring with
the help of IoT. In this project, the hardware and software are used which makes it easy to
implement. In the project, the uses a different sensor to collect the information of the
climate and stored it in the cloud. For this storage, the website www.thingspeak.com is
commonly used for Internet of things projects. And from the cloud storage space, it
extracts the whole weather data and uploads it to the android mobile application using an
API key[8]. Tools which detect the rain drops, is called rain sensor. Once the plague
reveals the raindrops on the strips and the voltage is considered from that.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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PCB LAYOUT & DESCRIPTION

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Description

The PCB size should be medium, between 5cm x 5cm and 10cm x 10cm.

Although we have some preferences specific list of components in mind for the
schematic. Therefore, open to suggestions from the freelancer.

The project requires the use of ESP32, LORA WAN, and SIM900. The
communication range of LORA WAN should be optimized for rural areas, with
a preferred range of more than 5km.

Ideal skills and experience for this job include:

- Proficiency in PCB design and layout, particularly for medium-sized boards

- Knowledge of ESP32, LORA WAN, and SIM900 components and their

integration

- Experience in optimizing LORA WAN communication range for rural areas

- Strong communication skills to understand and incorporate my preferences

into the schematic design.

The PCB features a BME280 temperature, humidity and pressure sensor, a light
dependent resistor, a pushbutton, an OLED display and multiple WS2812B
addressable RGB LEDs. The OLED displays the sensor readings and the LEDs
produce different lighting effects to what is shown in the OLED.

The OLED displays five different screens:

Current date and time, Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Luminosity

Each screen is shown for 15 seconds before going to the next one.

Alternatively, you can press the pushbutton to change screens.

In each screen the WS2812B addressable RGB LEDs show a different pattern:

On the date and time screen, the RGB LEDs display a rainbow effect;
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On the other screens, the RGB LEDs work like a gauge. For example, 100%
humidity lights up all LEDs, 50% humidify lights up half of the number of
LEDs.

The color of the LEDs is different for each screen: green for the temperature,
blue for the humidity, purple for pressure and yellow for luminosity.

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 COMPONENT DETAILS
A weather station typically consists of various components and instruments
designed to measure and record atmospheric conditions and meteorological
parameters. These components work together to provide essential weather data.

Here are the key components of a standard weather station:

Sensors and Instruments:

Temperature Sensor (Thermometer): Measures air temperature.

Humidity Sensor (Hygrometer): Measures humidity levels in the air.

Barometric Pressure Sensor (Barometer): Records atmospheric pressure.

Anemometer: Measures wind speed and direction.

Rain Gauge: Collects and measures precipitation (rainfall or snowfall).

Visibility Sensor: Records visibility levels.

Soil Sensors: Measure soil temperature and moisture content (common in

agricultural weather stations).

Ceilometer: Measures cloud height (common in aviation weather stations).

Pyranometer: Measures solar radiation (common in solar energy monitoring).

Communication Equipment:

Weather stations can be connected to communication systems for data

transmission, including satellite, cellular, or internet connectivity.

Power Supply:

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Weather stations are typically powered by electricity, batteries, or a combination
of both. Solar panels may be used for remote and sustainable installations.

Mounting Structure:

Weather stations require a sturdy mounting structure to support the sensors and
instruments and ensure they are positioned correctly.

Shelter or Enclosure:

A protective enclosure, often referred to as a Stevenson screen, shields

temperature and humidity sensors from direct sunlight and other environmental
factors that could affect accuracy.

Display or User Interface:

In some cases, a weather station may include a display for real-time weather
data, often for personal or educational purposes.

Software:

Weather station data is often collected and analyzed using specialized software,
which may be installed on a computer or accessed online.

Power Management System:

For stations with power sources like batteries or solar panels, a power
management system may be included to optimize energy usage and ensure
uninterrupted data collection.

Camera (Optional):

Some advanced weather stations include cameras to capture real-time images or

videos of weather conditions, which can be useful for research or public
information.

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 DETAILS OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE
A weather monitoring system typically consists of both hardware and software
components. Here are some key details for each:

Hardware:

Sensors: These devices are crucial for collecting weather data. Common sensors
include:

Thermometers for temperature measurement.

Barometers for atmospheric pressure.

Hygrometers for humidity measurement.

Anemometers for wind speed and direction.

Rain gauges for precipitation measurement.

Pyranometers for measuring solar radiation.

Data Logger: This hardware records data from the sensors and stores it for
further processing. It may also include data transmission capabilities.

Communication Equipment: In many systems, there are components for

transmitting data to a central server or display unit. This could be wired
(Ethernet) or wireless (cellular, radio, or satellite).

Power Supply: Weather monitoring systems often rely on a stable power source.
This can be batteries, solar panels, or a connection to the electrical grid.

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Mounting and Shelter: To protect the sensors and other equipment from the
elements, they are often housed in weatherproof enclosures or mounted on
weather-resistant structures.

Software:

Data Acquisition Software: This software communicates with the sensors and
data logger, collecting raw data and storing it in a structured format.

Data Processing and Analysis: Weather data often requires processing to derive
useful information. Software may handle tasks like averaging data over time,
calculating trends, and identifying anomalies.

Visualization Tools: To make the data understandable, software can generate

charts, graphs, and reports. This data is often displayed on websites, mobile
apps, or dedicated screens for easy access.

Alerting and Notifications: Weather monitoring systems can send alerts for
extreme conditions (e.g., severe storms, high winds) via email, SMS, or other
communication methods.

Database Management: Weather data is typically stored in databases for

historical analysis. Software is used to manage and query this data.

User Interface: End-users often interact with a user-friendly interface to view

current weather conditions and historical data.

Integration: In some cases, the system may integrate with other applications or
services, such as GIS (Geographic Information System) software for spatial
analysis.

These are the fundamental components of a weather monitoring system. The

specific hardware and software used can vary widely depending on the purpose

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and scale of the system, from simple home weather stations to large-scale
meteorological networks.

CONCLUSION

By keeping the weather station in the environment for monitoring enables self-
protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To implement this need
to use the sensor devices in the environment for collecting the data and analysis.
By using sensor devices in the environment, we can bring the environment into
real life. Then the collected data and analysis results will be available to the user
through the Wi-Fi. The smart way to monitor the environment an efficient, low-
cost embedded system is presented in this paper. It also sent the sensor
parameters to the cloud. This data will be helpful for future analysis and it can
be easily shared to other users also. This model can be expanded to monitor the
developing cities and industrial zones for pollution monitoring. To protect the
public health from pollution, this model provides an efficient and low-cost
solution for continuous monitoring of environment.

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 APPLICATION
Agriculture: Weather monitoring helps farmers make informed decisions about
planting, irrigation, and harvesting based on weather conditions and forecasts. It
also assists in pest and disease management.

Aviation: Weather data is crucial for safe air travel. Pilots use weather
monitoring information to plan routes, avoid severe weather, and ensure
passenger safety.

Energy Sector: The energy industry relies on weather data to optimize energy
production. For example, wind and solar power generation depend on wind
speed, sunlight, and cloud cover forecasts.

Transportation: Weather monitoring systems assist in managing and maintaining

transportation infrastructure. They help with road maintenance, traffic
management, and ensuring safe travel.

Construction and Civil Engineering: Construction projects require weather data

to plan construction schedules, avoid weather-related delays, and ensure worker
safety.

Disaster Management: Early warning systems use weather monitoring to predict

and respond to natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, and wildfires.

Environmental Monitoring: Environmental agencies use weather data to

monitor air and water quality, assess climate change impacts, and protect
ecosystems.
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Healthcare: Weather monitoring systems provide data that can be used in public
health to monitor and respond to weather-related health risks, such as heatwaves
or disease vectors influenced by weather conditions.

Research and Education: Meteorological data supports scientific research,

educational programs, and climate studies.

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