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Chapter 7-Mobile IP

Mobile IP allows mobile nodes to change their point of attachment to the internet while maintaining ongoing connections. It specifies protocols for agent discovery, registration, and tunneling to deliver packets to roaming nodes. Problems with basic Mobile IP include security, ingress filtering, and triangular routing, which Mobile IPv6 aims to address.

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30 views22 pages

Chapter 7-Mobile IP

Mobile IP allows mobile nodes to change their point of attachment to the internet while maintaining ongoing connections. It specifies protocols for agent discovery, registration, and tunneling to deliver packets to roaming nodes. Problems with basic Mobile IP include security, ingress filtering, and triangular routing, which Mobile IPv6 aims to address.

Uploaded by

zerihun nana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mobile IP

Mobile IP
Layer Model
Application layer – service location
– new applications, multimedia
– adaptive applications
Transport layer – congestion and flow control
– quality of service
– addressing, routing,
Network layer device location
– hand-over
– authentication
Data link layer
– media access
– multiplexing
– media access control
Physical layer – encryption
– modulation
– interference
– attenuation
– frequency
Fr. Schiller
Introduction

 A rapid growth in the number of Portable computers and Number


of nodes connected to Internet.
 desire to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet
irrespective of physical connection.
 IP requires the location of a node connected to the Internet to be
uniquely identified by an assigned IP address.
 When a mobile node moves to another physical location, it has to
change its IP address.
 However, higher level protocols require an IP address of a node to
be fixed----for identifying the connections.

1
Introduction …

 IP was not designed considering mobility.


 Dynamic nature of mobile nodes connectivity require more flexible
support than provided by conventional TCP/IP
`
 As a result, Mobile Internet Protocol [ Mobile IP ]
Proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
It enables mobile computers to stay connected to the Internet
regardless of their location and without changing their IP
address.

2
Motivation for Mobile IP

 any access to the Internet has restriction of point of attachment.


 When a mobile node moves to different place,
 we have to reconfigure it with a new IP address
all active connections are interrupted
packets which are routed to it will arrive at its original
network

3
Motivation for Mobile IP…

To support mobile communication two possible options [apart


from Mobile IP]
i. the node has to change its IP address whenever it changes
its point of attachment
ii. host-specific routes have to propagate throughout
Internet routing tables
A better solution
 Mobile IP
It is an open standard that allows users to keep the same IP
address, stay connected, and maintain ongoing applications
while roaming across different networks.
4
Terminologies in Mobile IP

Mobile Node (MN)


A node that changes its point of attachment
Home Agent (HA)
A router on a mobile nodes’ network, that delivers packets
to mobile nodes and maintains current location information
Foreign Agent (FA)
A router on a mobile node’s visited network which
cooperates with the home agent to complete the delivery of
packet to the mobile node while it is away from home.
Care-of address
 An address the mobile node uses for communication when
it is away from its original network.

5
Terminologies in Mobile IP…

Correspondent Node (CN)


A node with which a mobile node is communicating.
Foreign Network
Any network other than the mobile node’s home network.
Home Address
An IP address assigned for an extended period of time to a
mobile node.
Home Network
A network having a network prefix matching that of a
mobile node’s home address.
Mobility Agent ( home agent & foreign agent)
A node that offers support services to mobile nodes.
Visited Network
A network other than a mobile node’s home network to 6
which the mobile node is currently connected.
Illustration

Home Agent
Mobile Node

router

home network Foreign Agent


Internet

foreign
network
router
Correspondent Node (current physical network
for the MN)

end-system router 7
Operations in Mobile IP

• There are three operations

 Agent Discovery

 Registration

 Tunneling

10 8
Agent Discovery

 Mobility agents advertise their presence by periodically


broadcasting Agent Advertisement Messages(list Care-of-addresses, flag
 MN can trigger the advertisement by sending Agent Solicitation
Message
 If the MN discovers that it is on foreign network, it obtains a care-
of address
 Two methods
1. Foreign agent care-of address( shared by MN,by foreign agent)
2.Collocated care-of address( Foreign agents busy; by DHCP; one MN
11 9
Registration

• The registration process in Mobile IP with care-of addresses


Home Address Home Agent Media Lifetime
Address Address (in s)
131.193.44.14 131.193.44.7 00-60-08-95-66-E1 150
131.193.33.19 131.193.33.1 00-60-08-68-A2-56 200

Home Care-of Address Lifetime


Address (in s)
131.193.44.14 128.172.23.78 150
131.193.33.19 119.123.56.78 200
12 10
Registration . . .

 If the MN obtained a collocated care-of address, the whole


registration process is done directly between the MN and the
home agent.

Re-registration

 If the lifetime is about to expire it has to reregisters before its


registration lifetime expires.

Deregistration

 When the mobile node returns to its home network it has


to deregister from the home agent. (registration request life time= 0)13 11
Tunneling . . .

Tunneling process in Mobile IP.

14 12
Problems with basic Mobile IP

 Problems with the basic Mobile IP


 Security
 Ingress Filtering
 Triangular Routing
 Single Home Agent Model

15 13
Security

 Mobile nodes are connected to Internet


via wireless
 vulnerable to security attack

 Example
 A node may pretend to be a FA and send a registration
request to a HA so as to divert Packet traffic to itself.

Solution :
Authentication

14
Ingress Filtering

 router on some networks discards packets


if Source IP dose not belong to the network
• used to stop spoofing.

• packets sent from a MN include its home address as the


source IP address

 Solution :
Reverse Tunneling
 Create a reverse path through the HA for the entire
MN to CN communications.

15
Triangular Routing

Solution:
Route Optimization
 Let the CN know the Care-of address of MN
 Direct routing

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Single Home Agent

 Simple and easy to configure


• if the home agent breaks down

Solution :
Multiple home agent
 if one fail the other could take over

19 17
Mobile IPv6

 Solves the problem of the lack of available address space


 has come up with the following improvements
• Route Optimization is built as a part of Mobile IPv6
• Foreign Agents are not needed(enhanced capability)
• Solves Ingress filtering problem in basic Mobile IP
• by putting the care-of address as the source address

18
Mobile IPv6…

21 19
Summary

 Mobile IP allows MN to roam transparently from place to


place within the Internet,
 Operations
 Agent Discovery, Registration, tunneling
 Problems with basic Mobile IP:
 Security , Ingress filtering , Triangular routing
 Mobility support in IPv6 solves many of the problems of
basic Mobile IP.

22 20

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