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Semester II
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BP 201T. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and
functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both
homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to
understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.
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Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
.
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Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the
human body.
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2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, haemoglobin estimation,
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bleeding/clotting time etc and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and
respiratory volume.
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Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
6. Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning
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(homeostasis) of human body.
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Course Content:
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Unit I 10 hours

Nervous system
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and
properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential,
nerve impulse, receptors, syapse, neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and
cerebrospinal fluid.structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain
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stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent

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and efferent nerve tracts,reflex activity)
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Unit II 06 hours
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Digestive system
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Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach,

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Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through

parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine
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and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver,

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movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.

Energetics

Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR.

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Unit III
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Respiratory system 10 hours
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Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs,
mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration
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Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration,
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and resuscitation methods.
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Urinary system
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Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and
nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation,
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micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney
and disorders of kidney.

Unit IV 10 hours

Endocrine system
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure
and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland,
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adrenal
gland, panereas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.
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Unit V 09 hours
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Reproductive system
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Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female
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reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization,

spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
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Introduction to geneties
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Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance

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BP 207 P. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (Practical)
4 Hours/week
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in
physiology. Practicals allow the verification of physiological processes discussed
in theory classes through experiments on living tissue, intact animals or normal
human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the subject.
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1. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc.,
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2. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc.,
3. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc
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4. To demonstrate the general neurological examination
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5. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve
6. To examine the different types of taste.
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7. To demonstrate the visual acuity
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8. To demonstrate the reflex activity
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9. Recording of body temperature
10. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism.

11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity

12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive
systems with the help of models, charts and specimens.
13. Recording of basal mass index
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14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test.
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15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser
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16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.

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Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

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1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee

brothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
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2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and lness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill
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Livingstone, New York

3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins
Co,Riverview,MI USA

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4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hal. Miamisburg, OH,

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U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brothers medical publishers,
New Delhi.
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New
Delhi.
8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma,
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Jaypee brother's medical publishers, New Delhi.
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Reference Books:
1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,
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Riverview, MI USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH,
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U.S.A.
and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolkata
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3. Human Physiology (vol I
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BP202T. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This subject deals with classification and nomenclature of simple organic
compounds, structural isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important physical
properties, reactions and methods of preparation of these compounds. The syllabus also
emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of reactions.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
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1. write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
2. write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
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3. account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
4. identify/confim the identification of organic compound
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Course Content:
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General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be
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explained
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To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples
and differences
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UNIT-I 07 Hours
Classification, nomenclature and isomerism
Classification of Organic Compounds
Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds
(up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds)
Structural isomerisms in organic compounds
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UNIT-I110 Hours
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Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes*
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SP'hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins.

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Stabilities of alkenes, sP hybridization in alkenes
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Ei and E2 reactions kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of

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carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. Ej verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting Ej

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and Ez reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff's

orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff' s orientation.
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Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition

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reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement

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UNIT-III10 Hours

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.Alkyl halides*

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SN, and SN; reactions kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and
rearrangement of carbocations.
SN versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN and SN2 reactions
Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform.
Alcohols*- Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl aleohol, Methyl alcohol,
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chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol
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UNIT-IV10 Hours
Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)
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Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation, Perkin
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condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone,
Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldeh yde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde.
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UNIT-V 08 Hours
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Carboxylic acids*
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Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative
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tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester
Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic
acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and
Acetyl salicylic acid
Aliphatic amines* - Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and
uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine
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BP208P. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I (Practical)
4 Hours/ week
1. Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like
1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation
and unsaturation, etc.
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2. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by
Lassaigne's test
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3. Solubility test
4. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates,
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Amines, Carbox ylic acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters,
Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds and
Anilides.
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5. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds
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6. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using
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melting point/ boiling point.
7. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown
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compound by melting point/ boiling point.
8. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically.

2. Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds

3. Construction of molecular models

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Recommended Books (Latest Editions)
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1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
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2. Organic Chemistry by LL. Finar, Volume-I
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3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.

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4. Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni

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5. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.

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6. Vogel's text book of Practical Organic Chemistry

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7. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.

8. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
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9. Reaction and reaction mechanism by Ahluwaliah/Chatwal.

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BP203 T. BIOCHEMISTRY (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: Biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular levels of the
chemical process associated with living cells. The scope of the subject is providing
biochemical facts and the principles to understand metabolism of nutrient molecules in
physiological and pathological conditions. It is also emphasizing on genetic organization
of mammalian genome and hetero & autocatalytic functions of DNA.
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Objectives: Upon completion of course student shell able to
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1.Understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in
design of new drugs, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
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2. Understand the metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and
pathological conditions.
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3. Understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of
DNA in the synthesis of RNAs and proteins.
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Course Content:
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UNIT I 08 Hours
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Biomolecules
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of
carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins.

Bioenergetics
Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, RelationshipP
between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential.
Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP
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and cyclic AMP

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UNIT II 10 Hours
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Carbohydrate metabolism
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Glycolysis- Pathway, energetics and significance

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Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance

HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase
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(G6PD) deficiency
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Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)

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Glucone0genesis- Pathway and its significance

Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus

Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
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Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level
phosphorylation
Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers

UNIT III 10 Hours

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Lipid metabolism
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-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
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Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis

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De novo sythesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into
bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis,
fatty liver and obesity.

Amino acid metabolism

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General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination,
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deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenyialanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders
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(Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin,
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dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
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UNIT IV 10 Hours
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Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transter
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
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Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease
Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions
DNA replication (semi conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
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UNIT V 07 Hours

Enzymes
Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes
Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric
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enzymes regulation
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Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes
Coenzymes -Structure and biochemical functions
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BP 209 P. BIOCHEMISTRY (Practical)
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4 Hours / Week
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1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose,
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Sucrose and starch)

2. ldentification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)

3. Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins

(Biuret method)

4. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents

5. Determination of blood creatinine

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6. Determination of blood sugar
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7. Determination of serum total cholesterol

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8. Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH
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9. Study of enz ymatic hydrolysis of starch

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10. Determination of Salivary amylase activity

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11. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.

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12. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.

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Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

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1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger.
2. Harper's Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
3. Biochemistry by Stryer.
4. Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and U.Chakrapani
5. Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
7. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
8. Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
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9. Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
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10. Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
11. Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.
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BP 204T.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (THEORY)
45Hours
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Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to
such disease producing causes.This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of
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the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its
pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic pathophysiological
mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also to
get baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently, rationally and
effectively.

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to -

a

1. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;

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2. Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
3. Mention the complications of the diseases.
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Course content:
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Unit I 10Hours
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Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:

Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems,
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Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage,

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Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury -

Adaptive changes
(Atrophy, Hypertrophy. hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia), Cell swelling. Intra cellular
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accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cll Death Acidosis

&Alkalosis,Electrolyte imbalance

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Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
Introduction, Clinical signs of infilammation, Different types of Inflammation,Mechanism
of Inflammation Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of
WBC's,Mediators of inflamnmation, Basic principles of wound healing in the
skin,Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

Unit II 10Hours
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Cardiovascular System:
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Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina,m yocardial
infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
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Respiratory system:Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system:Acute and chronic renal failure
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Unit II 10Hours
Haematological Diseases:
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Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia,
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thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
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Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders:
depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer

Unit IV 8 Hours
Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C.D,E.F) alcoholic liver
disease.
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Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout

of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
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Principles
of bones and joints:Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout
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Diseases
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Principles of Cancer: Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer
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Unit V 7 Hours
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Infectious diseases:Meningitis,Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis

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Urinary tract infections

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Sexually transmitted diseases:AlIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

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Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

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Page 15 of 20
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1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster; Robbins &Cotran Pathologic Basis of

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Disease; South Asia edition; India; Elsevier; 2014.
2. Harsh Mohan; Text book of Pathology; 6" edition; India; Jaypee Publications; 2010.
Laurence B, Bruce C, Bjorn K. ; Goodman Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics; 12h edition; New York; McGraw-Hill: 2011.
4. Best, Charles Herbert 1899-1978; Taylor, Norman Burke 1885-1972; West, John B
(John Burnard); Best and Taylor's Physiological basis of medical practice; 12th ed;
united states;
5. William and Wilkins, Baltimore;1991 [1990 printing).
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6. Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; Davidson's Principles and Practice
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of Medicine; 21* edition; London; ELBS/Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
Guyton A, John .E Hall; Textbook of Medical Physiology; 12" edition; WB Saunders
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Company: 2010.
8. Joseph DiPiro, Robert L. Talbert, Gary Yee, Barbara Wells, L. Michael Posey;
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Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach; 9" edition; London; McGraw-Hill
Medical; 2014.
9. V. Kumar, R. S. Cotran and S. L. Robbins; Basic Pathology: 6h edition; Philadelphia;
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WB Saunders Company; 1997.
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10. Roger Walker, Clive Edwards; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; 3 edition; London;
Churchill Livingstone publication; 2003.
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Recommended Journals
1. The Journal of Pathology. ISSN: 1096-9896 (Online)
2. The American Journal of Pathology. ISSN: 0002-9440
3. Pathology. 1465-3931 (Online)
4. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology. ISSN: 1944-8171
(Online)
5. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. ISSN-0377-4929
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Page 16 of 20
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BP205 T. cOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY (Theory)

30 Hrs (2 Hrs/Week)

Scope: This subject deals with the introduction Database, Database Management system,
computer application in clinical studies and use of databases.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

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1. know the various types of application of computers in pharmacy
2. know the various types of databases
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3. know the various applications of databases in pharmacy
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Course content:
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UNIT I -
06 hours
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Number system: Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octal
number system, Hexadecimal number systens, conversion decimal to
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binary, binary to decimal, octal to binary etc, binary addition, binary
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subtraction -One's complement ,Two's complement method, binary
multiplication, binary division

Concept of Information Systems and Software: Information gathering,

requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process
specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and
managing the project
06 hours
UNIT -III
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Web technologies:Introduction to HTML, XMLCSS and

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Programming languages, introduction to web servers and Server
Products
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Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database
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UNIT III 06 hours
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Application of computers in Pharmacy Drug information storage and

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retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital

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and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems,

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barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile

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technology and adherence monitoring

Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System,

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Pharma Information System

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UNIT- IVV
06 hours

Bioinformaties: Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, Biointformatics

Databases. Concept of Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine
Discovery

UNIT-V 06 hours
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Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development:
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Chromatographic dada analysis(CDS), Laboratory Information management
System (LIMS) and Text Information Management System(TIMS)
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Page 18 of 20
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BP210P. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY (Practical)

I. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information

about a particular disease.

2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.

3 Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools
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4 Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard ,. generating label in MS WORD
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5 Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required
fields Using access
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6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in
the database
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7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database
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8. Creating invoice table using MS Access
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9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
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11.
Creating and working with queries in MS Access

Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages

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12. Exporting Tables. Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
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Recommended books (Latest edition):

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1. Computer Application in Pharmacy William E.Fassett -Lea and Febiger, 600
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South Washington Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
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2. Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development-Sean Ekins

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Wiley-Interscience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
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3. Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) -S.C.Rastogi-CBS Publishers and

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Distributors, 4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi 110002(INDIA)

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4. Microsoft office Access 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL Server,
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DAP and Infopath -

Cary N.Prague Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd., 4435/7,
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Ansari Road, Daryagani, New Delhi - 110002

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BP 206 T. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (Theory)
30 hours
Scope:Environmental Sciences is the scientific study of the environmental system and
the status of its inherent or induced changes on organisms. It includes not only the study
of physical and biological characters of the environment but also the social and cultural
factors and the impact of man on environment.
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Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
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1. Create the awareness about environmental problems among learners.
2. Impart basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems.
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3. Develop an attitude of concern for the environment.
4. Motivate learner to participate in environment protection and environment
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improvement.
5. Acquire skills to help the concerned individuals in identifying and solving
environmental problems.
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6. Strive to attain harmony with Nature.
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Course content:
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Unit-I 10hours
The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
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Natural Resources
Renewable and non-renewable resources:
Natural resources and associated problems
a) Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food
resources; e) Energy resources; f) Land resources: Role of an individual in
conservation of natural resources.
Unit-II 10hours
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Ecosystems
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Concept of an ecosystem.
Structure and function of an ecosystem.
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Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of

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the ecosystems: Forest ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem; Desert
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ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans,

estuaries)
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Unit-IlI 10hours
Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution
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70
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Recommended Books (Latest edition):
1. Y.K. Sing, Environmental Science, New Age International Pvt, Publishers,
Bangalore
Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Lid. Bikaner.
Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Pu blishing Pvt. Ltd.,
Ahmedabad 380 013, India,
-

Brunner R.C., 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc. 480p
.
4.
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Clark R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford
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6. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001,
Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumbai, 1196p
7. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
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8. Down of Earth, Centre for Science and Environment
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