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The document discusses the T-distribution, a probability distribution similar to the normal distribution but with thicker tails. It is used to estimate population parameters when sample sizes are small or the population standard deviation is unknown. The document covers properties of the T-distribution like shape, mean, variance and parameters. It also provides an example on how to use a T-table to find critical values for hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.

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43 views4 pages

Visual Aid

The document discusses the T-distribution, a probability distribution similar to the normal distribution but with thicker tails. It is used to estimate population parameters when sample sizes are small or the population standard deviation is unknown. The document covers properties of the T-distribution like shape, mean, variance and parameters. It also provides an example on how to use a T-table to find critical values for hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.

Uploaded by

snoopierich
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ILLUSTRATING T-DISTRIBUTION

*The T-Distribution, also known as the Student's T-Distribution, is a probability


distribution that is used to estimate population parameters when the sample size is small
or when the population standard deviation is unknown. It is similar to the normal
distribution, but with thicker tails.

*The T-Distribution is widely used in hypothesis testing, confidence interval estimation,


and in the construction of statistical models. It allows for more accurate inference when
dealing with small sample sizes or when the population standard deviation is unknown.

Properties of the T-Distribution

Shape

The T-Distribution is a symmetric distribution that closely resembles the standard


normal distribution. However, it has thicker tails, which means it has more
extreme values compared to the normal distribution.

Mean

The mean of the T-Distribution is always 0, regardless of the degrees of freedom.


This means that the distribution is centered around 0.

Variance

The variance of the T-Distribution depends on the degrees of freedom. As the


degrees of freedom increase, the variance approaches 1. This means that the
distribution becomes more concentrated around the mean.

Parameters

It's determined by one parameter: degrees of freedom (df), which represents the
number of observations in the sample minus one.

How to Use T-table

The T-table is a tool used to find critical values for the T-Distribution. These
critical values are important for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence
intervals. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to use the T-table:

STEP 1

Determine the desired confidence level or significance level for your test or
interval.
STEP 2

Identify the degrees of freedom (df) for your T-Distribution. The degrees of
freedom depend on the sample size and the specific test or interval being
conducted.

STEP 3

Locate the appropriate row in the T-table that corresponds to the desired
confidence level or significance level.

STEP 4

Find the column that corresponds to the degrees of freedom (df).

STEP 5

Read the value in the intersection of the row and column. This value represents
the critical value for the T-Distribution.

Ex# 1:

A student taking up Statistics is analyzing the scores in Mathematics of the


students in Grade 8 section Newton. He wants to know wether or not the mean
score of the 25 students in section Newton is better than the mean score of all the
students taking up Grade 8 Math in the entire school. The mean score of all the
students taking up Grade 8 Math is 89. The mean and standard deviation of the
scores of the students in section Newton are 95 and 15, respectively. Assume a
95% confidene level and that the scores of all the students in Grade 8 Math follow
a normal distribution.

EX#2

A nutritionist wants to determine whether a new diet plan results in greater


weight loss compared to the average weight loss achieved by individuals
following a standard diet plan. A random sample of 20 individuals following the
new diet plan had an average weight loss of 8 pounds, with a standard deviation
of 3 pounds. The average weight loss for individuals following the standard diet
plan is 6 pounds. Assume a 95% confidence level.
EX#3

A manufacturer claims that the mean lifetime of their LED light bulbs is at least
8000 hours. A random sample of 15 LED light bulbs is selected, and their lifetimes
are recorded. The sample has a mean lifetime of 7850 hours and a standard
deviation of 200 hours. Test whether there is sufficient evidence to support the
manufacturer's claim at a 95% confidence level.

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