A. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION (NL) _ JON FORCE & NEWTON’s FIRST LAW OF MOT! Force ; J define force first of ll one has o see the effec of free. {0 euthat changes aforee can bring about. Aforce can Pro () force can move a stationary body. (") force can stop a moving body. a A fore can change the speed of a moving body. (W) Aton 2” change the direction of a moving body. Srce can change the shape (and size) ofa body. DEFINITION OF FORCE ; rl motes PUSH which changes or tends to change the sat frst oF f| bjt ond to souea a ing the of ANY bectis called force. Force isthe interaction between the Ob) | 'na the pull or push). itisa vector quantity, ‘effects of force’ we mean vat ice the following effects : eS (Balanced Forces : fa numberof forces, ‘acting on an object does not produce any change in ts. Of rest or uniform motion © direction of motion then, they are called as balanced forces. () Aperson holding a briefcase in hand, (ll) A book resting on table (itl) Squeezing a lomon ete, 0) Unbelanced Forces: if number offorces acting onan object produce & change ints iil pai runiform motion or direction of motion, then hey are termed as unbalanced forces: For example (1) Abriefcase released from a persons hand. (W) Astone dropped ete, Fundamental force in nature : There are four fundamental force in nature which are as follow :- (1) Gravitational force (ii) Electromagnetic force (ili) The strong nuclear force (iv) Weak force Galileo's Experiments : (1) Experiment |: it was observed by Galileo that when a ball is rolled down on an inclined fret Plane its speed increases, whereas fits rolled up an inclined frictionless plane its spoed decres itis rolled on a horizontal fctionless plane the result must be between the cases describe above h ‘speed should remain constant. It can be explain as: ., | vev Fig: 1 ps OT a aa Se a eee Se nee oll Free: Scanned with CamScannerNLM (i) Experiment i When a ball is released on the inner sui each the irface of a smooth | ‘same height befc jooth hemisphere, It will move to by a surface shown in i rer to nee feet iomantarh emi replaced i AM cae igure(b) n order to reach the same Height the bal wal he a move a larger ® Ifthe other side is made horizontal, the ball will never stop because it will never be able to reach the same F . height, it means its speed will not decrease. Itwill have uniform velocity on the horizontal surface. Thus, 7 if unbalanced forces do not act on: a body, the body will eth i it velocity. It will remain unaccelerated. i acne Sse none enema Newton concluded the idea suggested by Galileo and was formulated in the laws by Newton. (e) Newton's first law : Every body remain in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless itis compelled by some i ight I it ‘external force. It means a body remain unaccelerated if and only if, the resultant force on itis zero. In such a case the body is said to be in equilibrium. Definition of force from first law of motion : ‘According to first law of motion, ifthereis no force, there is no change in state of restor of uniform motion. In other words, if a foroe is applied, it may change the state of rest or of uniform motion. If the forces not sufficient, it may not produce a change but only try to do so. Hence force is that which changes or ties fo change the state of rest or of uniform motion of a body in straight line. (I Inerti (I) Definition of Inertia : The tendency of the body to oppose the change its states of rest or uniforrr motion ina straight line is called inertia, Newton's first law of motion is also called law of inertia. (l) Description : Itfollows from first law of motion that in absence of any external force, a body continue tobe in its state of rest or in uniform motion along a straight line. In other words, the body cannot chant by itself its position of rest or of uniform motion. (li) mertia Depends upon Mass : We know that itis difficult to move a heavier body than the lighter or Similarly itis difficult to stop a moving heavier body than a lighter body moving with the oe re Thus, we conclude that mass of the ody is the measure of inertia, move the mass, more the (i) Types of Inertia: There are three types of Inertia: init if rest when Ss) () Inertia of Rest : The tendency of the body to oppose the change in its state-of , * external unbalanced force is applied ont, is called the inertia of rest i tt Example based on Inertia of res! cckwards when the bus suddenly starts. The an ith the bus but the upper part of his body tends to reasonis that lowe (1) Aperson sitting in a bus falls ba of his body begins to move along to inertia of rest. Fpatawar Road Kola TEED, PIR Near Scanned with CamScannerlas blak a ci Al f= Karelessly getting down a movi at ing bus falls ‘Teason being that his feet come to rest a the upper part of his body retains ‘a8 shown in fig (4) 2) An aihlete uns a certain distance before taking a tee or ent the inertia of motion of his body at the _ time of leaping may help him in his muscular efforts. (3) We remove snow or mud from our shoes by striking them against wall. On striking the wall, the feet comes to rest whereas the snow which is stil in motion Separates from the shoes. ll) Inertia of Direction : The tendency of a body to oppose any change in it known as inertia of direction. Example based on Inertia of direction : (1) Ifa car takes a turn along a curved track, the passengers experience a force acting, entre of the curved track. This is the result of tendency of the passenger to continue mi straight path, (2) Tie a stone to one end of a string and holding other end of the string in hand, rotate horizontal circle. If during rotation, the string breaks at certain stage, the stone is found oy at that point of the circle as shown in fig (5). tring ‘Breaks Sting break, stone goes away tangent Fig:5 (3) The water drops sticking to cycle tyre are found to fly off tangentially. if ora razor against a grinding | (4) The sparks produced during sharpening of a knit | therimefthe whee tangential. Scanned with CamScannerForce due to _ gravy = 30. ‘ 4 Give wo examples each of balanced and unbalnced forces from our daly lifes. ‘ What do you mean by ter inertia of rest explain it using an example? & __Abailis moving on afrconless horizontal surface and no forces eppled ont Wilts speed decrease, increase orremains same, 7, Onwhich physical quantity does inria depends upon? 8. State newton's frst law of motion, % —Defineinertia, 10. Why passangers are thrown outwards when a bus suddenly takes a turn? Q. Slawe.. EEE B. MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION (a) Momentum : (i) Definition : Momentum of a particle may be defined as the quantity of motion possessed by it and itis measured by the product of mass of the Particle and its velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity anditis represented by Bemv (ii)Unit of momentum : (C.GS. system) — p= mv -> gram x em/s= dyne xs (In M.K.S. —> system) p= mv -> kg * mis = Newton x s (b) Newton's second law of motion ; The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied unbalanced forces! Rate of change of momentum « Force applied Let a body is moving with initial velocity u and after applying a force F on it, its velocity becomes vin time t. Initial momentum of the body p, = mu Final momentum of the body p, Change in momentum in time tis mv ~ mu Sorate of change of momentum = ™Y=mu= 1 omis?, then F = 1 dyne, na force i applied on a boty of 1 Mass 1 gram and t fea willbe one char" tM® celeration produced inthe Bodie In == ma > kg x mis? Newton, _ Definition of one Newton : _Ifim® 1 kg and a= 1 mis* then by, BS kg x m/s?= 1 N. sting on a cPplied on a body of mass 1 kg and accelerati duced in th 1 m/s? then the cting on the body will be one Newton,” Te (IN) Kilogram Force (kgf): Kilogram force (kaf) or Kilogram weight (k eight (kg, wt.) is force with which a Of 1 kgiis attracted by the earth towards is cong ’ ‘Akgwt = tkof = 9.8 N m weight is the force with which a mass of 1 gram is ma (IV) Gram Force (gf) : Gram force or gra by.the earth towards its centre, ‘Agwt = tof = 981 dyne Above both the units are called gravitational unit of force. (V) Relation between Newton and dyne. We know : N= tkgx tms? or 1N= 10009 x 100 cms? oF 1N = 10° g cms? = 10° dyne Z 1N= 10" dyne Ai) Newton's first aw of motion from newton's second law : According to fist lawoof ‘motion if feo foree, there is no change in state of resto of uniform mation in other words, ifn forase appli may change the state of rest or of uniform motion. Ifthe force is not sufficient it may not pro change but only try to do so. Hence force is that which changes or tres to change the ae op uniform motion of a body in straight line Hence we get the definition of force from Newton's first law of motion, Newton's irtlaw of moton canbe degucse {from Newton's second law of motion, According to second law of motion, pe P2=PL_ mv=mu indies x Scanned with CamScannerThen, v =U => show the inertia of rest * ved ‘= show the Inertia of direction, it means if applied force Is zero direction remains the same. (c) Impulse of force + A large force acting for a short time to produce a finite change in momentum is called impulsive force. ‘The product of force and time Is called impulse of force. Le, Impulse= Force x Time & Impulse = Fat The S.1. unit of impulse is Newton-second (N-s) and the C.G:S unitis dyne- second (dyne-s) () Impulse and Momentum : From Newton's second law of motion P2-Py Force, F= Pa=Pt or Fat 1 Impulse = Change in momentum, (ii) Impulse from force-time graph Following are the important points of force time graph:- ‘Area under Force-time graph gives impulse. Impulse gives change in momentum. Fig: 7 {(W) Jumping on a heap of sand : if someone jumps from a height on a heap of sand then, his feet move inside the sand very slowly. His momentum changes slowly requiring a lesser force of action from the ‘sand and the man is not injured. (itl) Jumping down of a passenger from a moving train or bus : A passenger sitting in a moving train or bus has momentum. When he jumps down and stands on platform or road, his momentum becomes. zero. {fhe jumps down suddenly from the moving train or bus and tries to stand on his feet, his body will fall forward due to inertia of motion, He will be injured. Resonsnce” Educating for better tomorrow Scanned with CamScanner(WV) Springs In vehicles : When vehicles move over increase the duration of im Puls@ and hence reduce the force. (22einar nasa iat wacom 7 af & Sudden, the seats are comproseed, The compression increases duration Of OU Com reston the seat. The reaction force of seats becomes veut oiD ree of seats 3s negligible. (V1) Soft material packin, eats becomes negli They cold 19 : China and glass wares are packed with The foros ofan transportation butsot pecking mato sows down 2 pact is reduced and the items are not broken. (ina ) Athletes : Athletes are advised to come to stop slowly after finishit changes of mor injury. mentum must be brought slowly to involve lesser forces Of soft material when tranepon ‘rate of change of mom ing a fast race. In general, fraction and reaction to aveg (iv) Impulse during an impact or collision: \ ‘The impulsive force acting on tho body produces a change in mementum ofthobedy on vi Lae now. Ft= mu mu, therefore the maximum force needed to produce a given impulse depen pon Ime is short, the force requiredin a gen impulse or the change in momentum i 1arge and vice Nustration 1.When a ball of mass m kg strikes a wall with a speed ‘m/s. and rebound at the same speed find the charge in momentum, Sol. ‘Change in momentum = final momentum — initial momentum = mu B =m 2 after rebund g s Change in momentum = (-mu)—(mu)= » Hustration 2.A ball of mass 100 gm. is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s. Calculate the momentum associated the ball. = 100 ig = Sol. Mass of the ball = 100 gm. = 79g ka. = 0.1 kg. Velocity of thebatl = 15 mis So, momentum = mass of the ball * velocity of the ball = 0.1kg. x 15 mis = 1.5 kg. m/s Illustration 3. A force F,, acting on a body of 2 kg produces an acceleration of 2.5 mis*. An other force F8 i io F on the another body of mass 5 kg produces an acceleration of 2 m/s*. Find the ratio E 2 Sol. For first body F = ma F,=2*2.5= For second body F, Fogel, FS ‘A force of 20N acting on a mass m, produces an acceleration of 4 ms®, The same bie | then the acceleration produced is 0.5 ms. What acceleration would the same asses are tied together ? So Illustration 4 applied on mass m, produce, when both m aE Tome aE ee eave cin Ema co ae ey | GN UROUERDOOPLCIRoD Scanned with CamScannerWhen m, and m, are tled together : Total masa = m, + m,=45kg,F'=20N tet” pe = 2 =0.44ms* iiustration 5. Find the value 2 for t= 210.6 second and t= 4 i the value of impulse for time t = 0 to 2 second, for t= 21 for t= ‘and t =4 10 6 secon Sol. Fort =2tot=6 sec. Impulse = % * 2 * 10 + %* Fort=4to6 sec x 2% (-10)=0 Impulse = 4 * 2 * (10) = ~10 N-s (hace b state and prov 2 state Newton's second law of motion 3 Why china and glass wares 21° packed with soft material ? 4. Thespeedof tortoise and > hare are moving with 2s and Sms respectively. The mass ofhareis 9 the two has greater momentum ‘and that of tortoise is 10 kg han which of (AnS. Prose » Pax 5, _ Define gravitational unit of force 6, _ Thevelocity of a DooY of mass 20kg decreases from area on the body (Ans: Fo! = -37.5N) sytons frst law of motlo Prove Ne\ an army veniate of mass 1000 xgismoving with 2 fremgine anda retarding force 2omis to Smisin adistance of 400m than find the wn from Newtons second aN ‘of motion yalocity of 10 m/sandis ‘acted upon) FG0O N due to rction. What willbe yy a forward force its velocity after of 1000 Nduetot! 408 (Ans. Velocity = +6m/s) 9, Thetime inwhich a force of 2N produces change of momentum of qangems inthe body's 0.28) 40, Two billiard balls each of mass 0.05 Ka moving in opposite aioctions with speed § mee collide and same speed: ‘What is the impulse imparted to 22% jy dye to the othe Scanned with CamScanner(a) RVATION NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSE 4 LAW OF LINEAR MOMENTUM Newton's third law of motion : ite reaction”. Moreoy, () Statement : The aw states that" To every action there Is an equal and oppos! e, Action and reaction act on different bodies, (i) Demonstration : (when a ball strikes a wall, the following happens : son ball F sain = action force = force exerted by the ball onthe wall 1 faacin TE bat EE Fig: 8 & ‘the wall on the ball due to reaction force, the ball bounces man ™ Faction force = force exer back. exerted by B joined by hook as shown in the figure, The other end of the spring balance Bis att ly fixed in a rigid wall. fached to.a hook rigil Seg Blancs a Fig. 9 : Demonstration- Newton's third law of motion The other end of the. 'N) for the force. The We conclude that action. (ill) No Actior Examples : (V) Anail cannot be fixed on a suspended wooden ball (ll) Apaper cannot be cut by scissors of single blade. (ill) A hanging piece of paper cannot be cut by blade, (IV) Writing on a hanging page is impossible. {(¥) Hitting on a piece of sponge does not produce reaction. You do nt enjoy hitting. (iv) Action and Reaction are not Balanced : Acti balanced because they act on two different bodies. | a single system, they become balanced. ion and reaction, though equal and opposite are not Incase when they act on two different bodies forming (v) Any Pair of Equal & Opposite Forces is not an Action-Rection Pair: Consider a book kept on a table, We have seen that: ‘Then why does not the book fly up? It does not fly up it down. This is the force exerted by the earth on the So, there are two forces on the book-the normal force, the table pushes the book in the upward direction. because there is another force on the book pulling ‘book, which we cal the weight of the book. R ance” Sa Tower R66 SEPA ear Oy a, as lesonanci ww resenane ein | E-nal pesenanon a Esveningforbetet tomorow [ror Fre 1000259 655 [GW : UMIER ON7PLCONCES Scanned with CamScannerNLME) although they are equal and. tad once romana IS applied by the table Ws Fig:10 table, Wek wees {on the book, its reaction will be thet ok book on the earth, "°° SPRledby the earth onthe book is eaction willbe te eres sp nedoy the So, although N and W are equal and oy (vl) Examples of Newton's third la () Swimming of aman : Tt aren eng + Theman swims because he pushes water behind (action ) (action), water pushes man posite, they do not form an action-reaction pair. Ww: (H) Walking of a man : Mi: forward (reaction), Then the mee tne earth behind from right foot (action). Earth pushes the man the man walks, Man . REACT EARTH ‘ACTION ‘Walking man, Fig: 11 (ill) Flight of jet or rocket : The burnt gases are exhausted from behind with high speed giving the gases backward momentum (action). The exhausted gases impart the jet or rocket a forward momentum. (reaction). Then jet or rocket moves. {IV) Gun and bullet : A loaded gun has a bullet inside it. When the gun's trigger is pressed, the powder Inside cartage explodes. A force of action acts on the builet and makes the light bullet come out of the barrel ‘witha high velocity. The heavy gun moves behind (recoils) witha small velocity due to force of reaction. This is also an example of law of conservation of linear momentum. (V) Man and boat : A man in a boat near a river bankis at rest. To reach the bank, the man pushes the boat behind (action), the boat pushes the man forward (reaction), Then man landson the bank. Fig: 12 pipe with a large velocity due f water pushes the hose pipe of action of the (VI) Hose pipe : Water rushes out of the hose oie Se ‘compressor from behind. The rushing out jet of reaction. Then pipe has to be held tightly. Resonance” Educating or better tomorow Scanned with CamScanner{he0g9 ln momentum te ‘Change in mom, 'F=0 then, Force lied onthe body is zero then ts momentum will be conserved this IIs aso ap ina sya tem are, pp ‘2m the momentum of the objects present in the SYS oF, system is zero, then and a® tWockects of masses, and, removing inthe same direction ith vl oa object B and after time t both move in thei g ion wth velocity : The change in, 1 and v, respectively. m m: mom : qi memcteithmy my Oat The force on B by Ai, = Shangen moment : “tine myy—mauy (A) The change in momentum of object B= m,v,—m,u, The force onA by 8 is . Change momentum ‘Shangen momentum ii m mw = Ma¥2~mau, vO = Malate Soh ay Starcaleor By Newtons third law, F, =, P= = (mata mu, +m,u,=my,+my, of Initial momentum = Final momentum (i) Some Examples on Conservation of Momentum : ()) Recoil of Gun : A loaded gun (rifle) having bullet inside it for ming one system is intially at res system has zero initial momentum. = Resonance ing for bt Scanned with CamScannerNMED —— Solued Examples ‘When the trigger (T) is pressed, the bullets fired due to internal force of explosion ‘of powder in cartage inside. ‘The bullet moves forward with a high velocty and the gun move behind (recoils) withalesser velocity. Letthe bullot and the gun have masses m and M respectively. Let the bullet move forward with velocity v and the gun recoils with velocity V. Then final momentum of the gun and bullet is MV + mv By the law of conservation of momentum~ Initial momentum of the system = Final momentum of the system. mw M O=MV+my or V any Hence the recol velesty of un = and ine vols ofthe gunis == (l)) The Working of a Rocket : The momentum of a rocket before itis fired is zero. When the rockets fired, gases are produced. These gases come out of the rear of the rocket with high speed. The direction of the momentum of the gases coming out ofthe rocket isin the downward direction. Thus, to conserve the momentum ofthe system Le., (rocket + gases), the racket moves upward with a momentum equal to the momentum of the gases. So, the rocket continues to move Gpward as long as the gases are ejected ut ofthe rocket. Thus a rocket works on the basis of the law of conservation of momentum. Mustration 6. Afiold gun of mass 1.5 tonne fires a shell of mass 15 kg with a velocity of 150 mis. Calculate the Sol. velocity ofthe recoil ofthe gun, Mass of gun = 1.5 tonne = 1.5 x 1000 kg = 1500 kg Mass of shell = 15 kg Velocity of shell = 150 mis. Velocity of recoil of the gun = 2 Momentum of gun = Mass of gun x velocity of recoll ofthe gun = 1500 V kg m/s Momentum of shell= Mass of shell x velocity of shell = 15 x 150 kg mis. By the law of conservation of momentum Momentum of gun = Momentum of shell 100 V = 15 « 150 15%150 1500 The recoil velocity of gun = 1.5 mis or = 1.5 mis. Mlustration 7. Ahunter of 45 kgs standing on ice fires abullet of 100 gram with a velocity of 500 ms* by a gun Sol. of 5kg, Find the recoil velocity of the hunter. ‘The initial momentum of the system, P, = Momentum of hunter + momentum of gun + momentum of bullet OP, =45% 045% 0401050 cnt) Final momentum of the system, P, = Momentum of hunter + momentum of gun + momentum of bullet P,=45V+5V+0.1 x 500 (Here V is the recoil velocity of gun with hunter.) P,=50V +50 (2) By the conservation of momentum P\SP, 0=50V +50 ao | -V=-1 mis. The recoil velocity of gun with hunter is 1 m/s. lustration 8. A bullet of mass Aand velocity B is fired into a block of wood of mass C. if loss of any mass and friction be neglected, tha final velocity of system will be Resonsnce® N Educating tor better tomorrow Scanned with CamScannerre 1th mu, ni” ll bo conserved so vm ne So, viz AB q 7 CHA Mus nee wire ne 849 has a mass of 30 kg, The machine gun tres 35 0b a ni Sot Mass ofthe guy” #00. What force must be apple fo the wit Requireg fore rate of change of linear momentum of bullets. or F = my) t = 20, 3510-9. 409 3 7 F =933n, Mlustration 49, Agu tin having a mass of 5000 g fires a 20, 9 ullet ata speed of 500 ms". Find the reg, of the gun. i Solution: MASS of the bullet m, = 20 g .02 kg Velocity of the bullet Vv, =500ms" Mass of the gun m,= 5000 g Let the recoil velocity of gun = 5kg i be v, mst According to the law of conservation of ‘momentum, momentum of bullet = ‘Momentum of MY,=m,v, = 0.02x500= 500m s"x0.02 kg _ a ee ‘State and proof law of conservation of momentum 2 Does momentum reamains conserved when extrernal force isnot equal to zero? 3 What do you understand by term recoil velocity of gun? 7 on In the following figure does the force normal reaction and weigh formsan action and reat 4. Inthe : explanation? “oll Free : 1600 2585555 | CIN : UB0302RL2007PLCoz4n09 Scanned with CamScanner ; [PN Besecense| NLM@) Cogan ne [Telok of means. gan ka a movi nth eae ‘ind the comm ith speeds 2 1on velocity i mst and © in copsta recente A machine gun fires 20 bull (Ansia) § mis . 10 hold the gun in posto (wee, Os and hi 8.” A’body of mass 1 kg is projected with veloc Position? (Ans. F = 2400 N) the i recoil velocity of the tank (Ans. V = Bee ims from a tank of mass 100 ka. What i (@) in the same direction A bullet of mass 0.1 kg is fired recoil velocity of gun (uae oz ey _~ Tisee, the mass cf gun is 50 kg, W RyIaTee 3. What is the 40... A billet mass 10 gm is fired from a gun of mass 41 velocity of the muzzle. (Ans. V = 500 mis) kg. If the recoil velocity is 5 mis, Find the (oe ee TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [01 MARK EACH] 4. Anobject exper 4 An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Isit possible for the object to be traveling ero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that Si sa hecerovooai ie Se ns that must be placed on the magnitude and direction 2. Whenaccarpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain. 3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope? TYPE (Il) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [02 MARKS EACH] 4 ‘A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 min 20's. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on itif its mass is7 tonnes (Hint: 1 tonne = 1000 kg.) (ans, a=2mis; F = 14000N) 5. Astone of 1kg is ‘thrown with a velocity ‘of 20 ms“ across the frozen surface of a lake and comesto rest a ee travelling a distance of 50m. Whatis the force ct fiction patween the stone and the ice? (ans. f=-4N) ri Ifthe engine exerts i train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, longa horizontal track. 8 S000 and E ope of 9000 N, then calculate: (a the net aeetersng 1 force of 40000 N and the track offers @ friction force; (b) the acceleration of the train; and (c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2s (Ans. (a) 35000 N ; (6) a= 4.94 mis?, (e) F = 15555) jcle and road ifthe ist be the force! between the vehi 17ms%? (ans. F= (ans. mv) 0 kg. What mus .cceleration of foving with a velocity V? has amass of 150 2550N) 7 ‘An automobile vehicle .d with a negative & vehicle is to be stoppe an object of mass m, 8. Whatis the momentum of Resonance” Web Ein tervettertomorow [rot Scanned with CamScannerNLM(F) 9..__Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabi ‘sin Whatton foc te vib osonaao ne ec en 8 nay 10. Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving inthe same straight ine butin opposite directions velocity of each objects 2.8 ms before the collision during which thoy tick tovether What we velocity of the combined object after collision? (Ans. v = 0) a 11. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on u equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will faa) a move. A student justifies this by answering thatthe two opposite and equal forces cancel ent ‘Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move ow TYPE (Il) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [04 MARKS EACH] 12, Hockey bal of mass 200 g travelling at 10 m sis struck by a hockey slick s0 as to retumit along original path with a velocity at § m s*. Calculate the change of momenium occurred inthe motion eon hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick (Ans. Ap = 3 kg aa ae = 5 13, Abullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of 150 m s“ strikes a stationary wooden block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block. Also calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet, (Ans, F = 50 N) 14. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 m s- collides with, and sticks to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight line, Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the veloc- ity of the combined object. (Ans. V = 1.67 mis) 15. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m sto 8 m s“'in6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object (Ans. F = 50 N) TYPE (IV) : VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [05 MARK EACH] Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared. to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity) exerted a larger force on the insect. And asa result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in helt 16. momentum. Comment on these suggestions. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 60cm? 47. (Ans. p = 40 kg x m/s) Take its downward acceleration to be 10 ms. A hammer of mass 500 g, moving at 50 m s“, strikes a nail. The nail stops the hammer ina very short time of 0.01 s. Whats the force of the nail on the hammer ? (Ans. F=~—2500N) swith a uniform velocity of 90 km/n. Its velocty force. Calculate the acceleration and change (Ans, F =-600N) 18. is i straight line Amotorcar of mass 1200 kg is moving along a st * is slowed down to 18 km/h in4s by an unbalanced external for in momentum. Also calculate the magnitude of the force required. Scanned with CamScannerNLME) tions. Questions can be used as Revision Qui SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS SUBJECTIVE EASY, ONLY LEARNING VALUE PROBLEMS SECTION (A) : FORCE & NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION 2 Marked ‘Act. What causes motion ? Az. Define force. A3. Whatare effects of forces asA-4. What do you mean by term inertia? ‘AS. _ Name three types of inertia ‘a6. Name the property of the bodies o resist the change in their velocities. |Ac7.-. With which law of motion, the name of Galileo is associated ? 8. State Newton's first aw of motion SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION Define momentum of body. BA. of momentum ? B-2. Whatis S.I. unit B3, _Ismomentum vector or scalar ? Define one Newton force. antiies on which momentum of abody depends. Jocities on a road. One of them is loaded to stop itin same time ? ols have their usual meaning. B4. B5, Nametwoat 6. Twosimilartrucksare moving wilh Sst vel while another one is empty than which ofthe two will require & larger force the following equation F = mawhere sym B7. Explain meaning o| Bs. _ Explainhow Newton's second lawof motion can be explained to define the unitof force and also name the unit. wwB-9, A 1000kg vehicle moving with 2 speed of 20 ms" is brought torestin a distance of 50 metre by applying brakes: (a) Find the acceleration. (bp) Calculate the unbalanced force ‘acting on the vehicle. io brakes willbe slighty less than that calculated, why ? Give reasons. (c) The actual force applied By B-10. Write the expression for impulse tity which has same unit as that of impulse. B11. Namea quant B-12, Derive relation between impulse: and momentum. B13. AS quintal car is moving with a velocity of 54 kmh". What is its impul ‘pplication of backward force ?AISO determine the force applied ace EE To EEE ESF riotgesantee ao resonance. 26 LE SS UBB ODRIIOOI CORES fen Qoeqnence” Scanned with CamScannercz, ace, ca, C0, ot, AA BAR. As, BAS. NTGNTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION. & CONSERVATION LAW OF LiNy MOMENTUM ou ‘Name th principle on which rocket works ? State action and reaction in the ‘e28e When abulltisfred from the gun. Wh {un and bullet just before fring ? ‘f conservation of momentum, fi lat is total Momentum, Of the, ‘plain one, ‘Application of | Taw Slain why itis cite for remanto "el shose, which jctstarge amount of water at a high peay /@ two examples in support of this law, | re from a boat, the boat mov: (2) What isthe physical prin (©) Do the action a Magnitude and esin the opposite direction, Explain why 7 ‘pl involved inthe working of ajet plane ? Ind reaction acto [ n the same body or diferent bodies ? How are they related in m(v+u) (D) none of these (A)20% (8)40% (C)200% (0) 300% imparted to the ball is : (A) 0.25 Nxs (B)25Nxs (C)2Nxs (0) 0.5Nxs Itis required to increase the velocity ofa scooter of mass 80 kg from 5 ms"to 25 ms"'in 2s. The force required willbe : (A)200N (8)600N (c)e00N (0) 100N © Acarotmass1000kgismoving ina vetctyo 0 misandisacted upon by a forardfores of 1000 Nive to engine and retarding force of 500 N. The velocity after 10 seconds will be (4) 10 mis (8) 15 mis (C)20mis (0)zer0 %3 Marked Questions can be used as Re n Questions. ip oO © NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS) Aball having total kinetic energy E is projected at an angle of 45° with the horizontal. Its kinetic energy at the highest point of projection wiltbe (Raj./ NTSE Stage-1/2005) g E ] @o oe Oy Ee The maximum and minimum magnitudes of the resultant of two forces are 17 newton and 7 newton respectively, If these two forces are acting at right angle to each other, then the value of resultant of these) forces in newton will be : (Raj./ NTSE Stage-/2006) (A) 10 (B) 12 (c)13 (D)24 Two bodies of masses m and 3m, moving with velocities 3v and v respectively along same direction, collide with each other. After collision they stick together and move with a velocity V in the same direction. Then: (Orissa/ NTSE Stage-1/2013) (A) Vev (©) V=2v JN Resonence” Educating for better tomortow [rou Free. 1600 258 6555 | CIN : USO302RJ2007PLC024029 Scanned with CamScanner‘ WN “+ Which is not the unit of Force : : (Ral NTSE Stagesi2043) @ Poundal ()Dyne (©) Joule * (©) Newion e ‘The distance covered by a body moving along X-axis with inital velocity ‘u' and uniform acceleration‘a’is 1 given by x= ut + Fat. This result is a consequence of: (Both NTSE Stage-/2013) lewton’s 1stlaw _(B) Newton's 2nd law lewton None of the above — fhe mass of two bodies are kg and 2kg respectivély and their kinetic energy/are 1 J and 2 J respectively. (West Begal/ NTSE Stage-l/2013) The ratio of their momentum is given by: +. (4st (0)1:2 Q ated (1:4 ‘Asingle horizontal force F is applied to a block of mass M, which is in contact with another block of mass M,as shown in the figure. Ifthe surfaces are frictionless, the force between the block is: (West Bogal/ NTSE Stage-/2013) Mm rd law F MME \ ME Me Mane One Om, Mi AM, ©) Mi, +My Inthe figure, the blocks AB, C of mass m each have accelerations a, a, and a, respectively. F,"and"F," tude 2 mg and mg respectively. (Haryana/ NTSE Stage-1/2013) pres F,52mg . F.=mg (A)a,=a,=a, , 2 a,> a, (hedetra Byei> ee, 2: The force F is acting on an object of mass m. The direction of displacement (7 ) and force (F) of the (Raj. NTSE Stage-1/2014) ad. object is shown by an arrow to the right side. Work done by the force wil b (2S positive _ (8) negative (C)zero 4 (D)either positive or negative F 40. Ablock is placed on a rough horizontal surface. A time dependent horizontal force F = kt acts onthe block, where k Is positive constant. Acceleration time graph of the block is ~ { (Haryanal NTSE Stage-li2014) 7 a A) (B) T t a ‘N (c) ' (0) y t A005 © Resonance’ Educating for better tomorrow Scanned with CamScannerrests i) . 1 ctongation Incase of ‘Tho elongation of wire of length L ind . fa the case of figure (|). The same wire slong: C © Tearwaael ages ona. eae a acon ue [™) 0) iat) wa oa © __Ararachutist ot weight W artes the ground with his lags fixed and come to rest with an upward acceler, tion of magnitude 3g. Force exerted on und during landing is: (Dethi/ NTSE Stage-t/294, #0 omgegindonin ym gaiasaubciendeat Oxley same (oyna i aw (8)2w (c)3w } 13. According to Newton's Second law of Motion— (Madhya Pradesh/ NTSE Stage-/2014 1 At=mxy (@)t=mxa ore OE 14 A person standing on the floor of alift drops a coin. The coin reaches the floor ofthe lift in atime tif th Us stationary andintime its moving uniformly-Then: (Bihar! NTSE Stage-172014) ne (B)t, t, depending on whether the lif is going up or down, @ ‘Two objects are moving at a speed of 8m/sac. and 12 m/sec. respectively. If they are on the same surfa then the ratio of their potential eneray will be: (Uttrakhand! NTSE Stages/2018 Aya: @)t4 (2:3 (D)None of the above | 16. _ If the momentum of a moving body is increased by 50% then the kinetic energy will increased by : “(Uttrakhand/ NTSE Stago-1/201 (A) 100% (8) 125% (©) 150% (0)200% 17. Which of the following situation is not possible: (Delhi) NTSE Stage-1/2¢ (A) An object moving in certain direction with an acceleration in perpendicular direction. (B) An object moving with constant acceleration but zero velocity. (C)An object moving with variable speed and uniform velocity. (D) None of the above 18. The momentum of an object at a given instant is independent of its: (Raj. NTSE Stage-20 (A) inertia (B) speed (©)velocity (O) acceleration. 19. Which law of newton gives the definition of force? (Gujrat! NTSE Stage-l/2 (A) first law (B) second law (©) third taw (0) fourth law A body of mass 2kg is free to move along x-axis. Itis at rest at t= 0. From t = 0 onward itis sub), toa time-dependent force F(t) in x-direction. The variation of F with time is as shown Fy, (Haryanal NTSE Stage-/2 The change in momentum during journey is (in N-s) : (C)5.06 (D) 14.06 (A) 4.50 (8)7.50 +1800 258 6565 | CIN: UB0302RIZ007PL.C024029 Educating for bettor tomorrow [rot Freo : Scanned with CamScannerNLM(EF) IN | 21... Thelinear momentum 'p’ of a Body having mass ‘m’ and kinetic enoray (West Bengal! NTSE Stage-1/2015) (A)P= ame (©)p = JEram (©)p= Jamie (0) p= Sime | 6 Abullet of mass 10 gm moving with 400 m/s is embedded In a block of 1 kg which is initially in rest. The final velocity of the system will be (Raj.! NTSE Stage-1/2017) (Amis (8) 1.5 mis (c)0.5 mis (0) 2mis (Gujrat! NTSE Stage-1/2017) 23, Which Newtons law of motion defines foe 2 (A) First (B) Second (©) Third (0) None ‘Abullet of mass 50 gm is horizontally fired with avel ‘gun of mass 10kg. What will pe the recoll velocity of the aun ? (Raj./ NTSE Stage-172018) (a) 100 ms“ (B) 500 ms _ ()0.5ms* (@)Zero locity 100 ms-1 from a Amit Scanned with CamScannerAnswers Darl BOARD LEVEL Exe ‘ INS = . TYPE (Il) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE questio! si fe-4N 4. a=2m/s;F=14000N . f= 2550N ‘< N s 6 (@) 35000N ; (b) a= 1.94 mis* (0) F= 18555 0 8. mxv 9. £=200N TYPE (ll) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS = 4. VE 167 mis (12 ap=3kg mis 13, F=50N 15. F=50N TYPE (IV) : VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : Linn Ol Fe-60ONT Hy —2500N aa 17. p=40kgxm/s 18. EXERCISE - 1 SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS LUE PROBLEMS SUBJCTIVE EASY, ONLY LEARNING VA IN SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTIO! BO. (a)-4ms* (b) 4000 N B-13 Impulse = 7500 N-second and Backward Force = 15000 N SECTION (C) : NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION LAW OF LINEA MOMENTUM C-11 10 cms* OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS SECTION (A) : FORCE & NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION At @) AZ © AS A) AS ©) AS (—) AB A) AT (8) AB ©) AD () AMO (A) Amt Oo az © At3 (A) ANd (0) AME (A) ABA) AT (A) at) 19 (8) prs Ose Tove ASE PICT (IEE TR Nowe Gy Wa Palo Fo Website © www resonance.ac.in E-mail : contact@ _— Toll Free : 1800 258 555 | CIN : UB0302R,2007PLODDHaDS ; IN Resonence Pie Scanned with CamScannerNMED SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION pt) BR) BSB) BHO) BBC) ‘Bs A ey ©) BS ©) «BO A) BHO) BH) BAR) pts ©) B44 ©) «BAS C) BME A) BAT © B48 A) pig (C) B20 (a) B2t (@) «B22 A) SECTION (C) : NEWTON'S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION LAW OF LINEAR MOMENTUM eae Cee cof c4 ©) CSA a) oy W) @) cs ©) C40 \@) ci 8) C12 @) esse ( Ay ei CASE BY OAT OED cts @)) C7 A EXERCISE -2 ol BJECTIVE QUESTIONS OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED mars may A (8) mas 4