Intext Questions 1

Question 1(i)
State modern periodic law.

Answer
The Modern Periodic Law is stated as, "the physical and chemical properties of elements are the periodic
functions of their atomic number."

Question 1(ii)
Name the scientist who stated the law.

Answer
Henry Moseley.

Question 1(iii)
How many groups and periods does modern periodic table have?

Answer
Groups - 18
Period - 07

Question 2
What are horizontal rows and vertical columns in a periodic table known as?

Answer
Horizontal rows are known as Periods,
Vertical columns are known as Groups.

Question 3
Periodicity is observed due to similar .......... (number of valence electrons/atomic number/electronic
configuration)

Answer
Periodicity is observed due to similar electronic configuration.

Question 4
How does the electronic configuration in atoms change
(i) in a period from left to right?
ii) in a group from top to bottom?

Answer
(i) As we move across a period the number of shells remain same & number of valence electron
increases by one.
(ii) As we go from top to bottom in a group the number of shells increases one by one but the number of
electron remain the same.

Question 5
Name two elements in each case :
(i) Alkali metals
(ii) Alkaline earth metals
(iii) Halogens
(iv) Inert Gas

Answer
(i) Lithium (Li) and Sodium (Na).
(ii) Beryllium (Be) and Magnesium (Mg).
(iii) Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl).
(iv) Helium (He) and Neon (Ne).

Question 6
Elements of group 1 and elements of group 17 both have valency 1. Explain.

Answer
Valency is equal to the number of electrons an atom can donate or accept or share. Hence, it depends on
the number of electrons in the outermost shell (i.e. valence shell).

Group 1 (IA) elements have one electron in their outermost shell. So they donate this one electron to
become stable hence their valency is one. On the other hand, Group 17 (VIIA) elements have seven
electrons in their outermost shell. So they accept one electron to attain stable electronic configuration
hence their valency is also one.

Question 7
Correct the statements.
(i) Elements in the same period have the same valency.
ii) Valency depends upon the number of shells in an atom.
(iii) Copper and zinc are representative elements.
(iv) Transition elements are placed at extreme right of the periodic table.

Answer
(i) Elements in the same group have the same valency.
(ii) Valency depends upon the number of valence electrons in an atom.
(iii) Copper and Zinc are transition elements.
(iv) Noble gases are placed at the extreme right of the periodic table.

Question 8
What do you understand by ?
(i) Periodicity
(ii) Typical elements
(iii) Orbits

Answer
(i) The properties that reappear at regular intervals, or in which there is gradual variation (i.e. increase or
decrease) at regular intervals, are called 'periodic properties' and the phenomenon is known as the
periodicity of elements.
(ii) The third period elements are typical elements. They are Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium
(Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl) .
(iii) Electrons revolve around the nucleus in certain definite circular paths called orbits.

Question 9
Name two elements that you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to calcium. What is the
basis of your choice ?

Answer
Beryllium and Magnesium will show the similar chemical reactions as calcium. Since these elements
belong to the same group 2 and also have same number of valence electrons as calcium.

Question 10
Name the (i) metals (ii) metalloids and (iii) non-metals in the first twenty elements.

Answer
Metals — Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Potassium (K),
Calcium (Ca).
Metalloids — Boron (B), Silicon (Si).
Non-Metals — Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon
(Ne), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar).

Question 11
Fluorine, Chlorine and Bromine are put in one group on the basis of their similar properties.
(i) What are those similar properties ?
(ii) What is the common name of this group or family ?

Answer
(i) Similar properties of Fluorine, Chlorine and Bromine are:
They have same number of valence electrons (7).
They have non-metallic character.
They all try to gain one electron to obtain stable electronic configuration.
They all have same valency, which is equal to 1.
(ii) Halogens is the common name of this group elements.

Question 12
What is the main characteristic of the last element in each period of the Periodic Table? What is the
general name of such elements?

Answer
Main characteristics of the last element in each period of the Periodic Table are:
They have valency equal to zero.
They react under very special condition otherwise they don't react.
They have stable gas electronic configuration.
General name of such elements is Inert Gases.

Question 13
According to atomic structure, what determines which element will be the first and which will be the last in
a period.

Answer
Number of valence electrons determines which element will be the first and which element will be the last
in a period.

Question 14
How does the number of : (i) valence electrons and (ii) valency vary on moving from left to right in the
third period of the periodic table ?

Answer
(i) The number of valence electron successively increases by one as we move from left to right in the third
period.
(ii) Valency firstly increase from 1 to 4 from element sodium (Na) to silicon (Si) and then reduces to zero
from element phosphorus (P) till chlorine (Cl) as we move from left to right in the third period.

Question 15
Name the type of elements, which have their
(i) outermost shell complete
(ii) outermost shell incomplete
(iii) two outermost shell incomplete
(iv) one electron short of octet
(v) two electrons in the outermost orbit.

Answer
(i) Inert Gas or Noble Gas Elements.
ii) Representative Element.
(iii) Transition Element.
(iv) Halogens.
(v) Alkaline Earth Metals.

Question 16
An element has 2 electrons in its N shell.
(i) What is its atomic number ?
(ii) State its position in periodic table
(iii) Is it a metal or a non-metal ?
(iv) State the name assigned to this group.
(v) What is the valency of this element ?

Answer

(i) Atomic Number is 20.

Question 17
Answer the following in respect of element
(i) Give its electronic configuration.
(ii) To which group and period does it belong ?
(iii) What is its valency ?
(iv) Is it a metal or a non-metal ?
(v) Is it a reducing agent or an oxidising agent ?
(vi) Give its formula with hydrogen.

Answer
(i)Electronic configuration of S is : 2, 8, 6
(ii) 16th group and 3rd period.
(iii) Valency of S = 8-6 = 2.
(iv) Non-metal.
(v) It is an oxidising agent.
(vi) Formula with Hydrogen = H2S

Question 18
Name
(a) An alkali metal in period 3 and halogen in period 2.
(b) The noble gas with 3 shells.
(c) The non-metals present in period 2 and metals in period 3.
(d) The element of period 3 with valency 4.
(e) The element in period 3 which does not form oxide.
(f) The element of lower nuclear charge out of Be and Mg.

Answer
(a) Alkali metal in period 3 = Sodium
Halogen in period 2 = Fluorine
(b) Argon (Ar).
(c) Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Neon (Ne) are non-metals in period 2.
Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg) and Aluminium (Al)are metals in period 3.
(d) Silicon (Si).
(e) Argon (Ar).
(f) Be will have lower nuclear charge then Mg.
Question 19
The electronic configuration of the element T is 2, 8, 8, 1.
(i) What is the group number of T ?
(ii) What is the period number of T ?
(iii) How many valence electrons are there in an atom of T ?
(iv) What is the valency of T ?
(v) Is it a metal or a non-metal ?

Answer
(i) Group Number of T is 1.
(ii) Period of T is 4.
(iii) Their is 1 valence electron present in atom T.
(iv) Valency of T is 1.
(v) It is a Metal.

Question 20
Match the atomic number 19, 15, 8, 4, and 2 with each of the following :
(i) A metal of valency one.
(ii) A solid non-metal of period 3.
(iii) A rare gas.
(iv) A gaseous element with valency 2.
(v) An element of group 2.

Answer
(i) A metal of valency one — Atomic number 19 (Potassium).
(ii) A solid non-metal of period 3 — Atomic number 15 (Phosphorus).
(iii) A rare gas — Atomic number 2 (Helium).
(iv) A gaseous element with valency 2 — Atomic number 8 (Oxygen).
(v) An element of group 2 — Atomic number 4 (Beryllium).