Unit 4: Extensions

1.

a)
f(x) = sin x !
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 5𝑥 # 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 !

𝑓 " (1) = 5𝑥 # 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 !

=4.999238
=5.00

b)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛! 𝑥
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 5(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)# (cos 𝑥)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 5𝑠𝑖𝑛# (𝑥) cos(𝑥)

𝑓 " (1) = 5𝑠𝑖𝑛# (1) cos(1)

= 0.00

c)
𝑓(𝑥) = cos (4𝑥 + 9)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = − 4sin(4𝑥 + 9)

𝑓 " (1) = − 4sin(4(1) + 9)

𝑓 " (1) = −0.8998
= -0.90

d)
𝑓(𝑥) = cos $ (𝑥 $ + 3)
%
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 2cos (𝑥 $ + 3) %& (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 $ + 3)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 2cos (𝑥 $ + 3)(−𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 $ + 3) ∙ 2𝑥)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = −4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 $ + 3)sin (𝑥 $ + 3)

𝑓 " (1) = −4(1)𝑐𝑜𝑠 (1$ + 3)sin (1$ + 3)

= -0.28
e)
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑒 &
%
𝑓′(𝑥) = 5 %& 𝑒 &
𝑓′(𝑥) = 5𝑒 &

𝑓′(1) = 5𝑒 '
=13.59

f)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 !&
%
𝑓(𝑥)" = 𝑒 !& %& (5𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)" = 𝑒 !& ∙ 5

𝑓 " (1) = 𝑒 !(') ⋅ 5

=742.07

g)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 3)
%
𝑓(𝑥)" = %& (𝑥 + 3) = 1
'
𝑓(𝑥)" = &*+

'
𝑓(1)" = '*+
'
𝑓(1)" = #

h)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥 $ + 4)
%
𝑓(𝑥)" = 𝑥 %& (ln (𝑥 $ + 4)
' %
𝑓(𝑥)" = & ! *# %& (𝑥 $ + 4) + ln (𝑥 $ + 4) × 1
$& !
𝑓(𝑥)" = & ! *# + ln (𝑥 $ + 4)

$
𝑓(1)" = ! + 𝑙𝑛5
=2.01

i)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3&
𝑓(𝑥)" = 3& 𝑙𝑛(3)

𝑓(1)" = 3' ln(3)

=3.30

j)
𝑓(𝑥) = ln (sin 𝑥)
' %
𝑓(𝑥)" = ,-.(&) %& (sin(𝑥))
f(x)" = cot (𝑥)

f(1)" = cot (1)

=57.29

k)

𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝐼𝑛 𝑥
%
𝑓 " (𝑥) = cos (ln(𝑥)) %& (ln(𝑥))
%
𝑓 " (𝑥) = cos (ln(x)) %& (ln(𝑥))
'
𝑓 " (𝑥) = cos (ln(x)) &
/0, (2.(3))
𝑓 " (𝑥) = &

/0, (2.('))
𝑓 " (1) = '
=1

l)
𝑓(𝑥) = (√𝑥)(3& )(tan 𝑥)
% %
𝑓′(𝑥) = %& (√𝑥)(3& )(tan 𝑥) + %& (3& tan(𝑥))√𝑥
'
𝑓′(𝑥) = $√& 3& tan(𝑥) + (3& ln(3) tan(𝑥) + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 $ (𝑥) × 3& √𝑥
+" 56.(&)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = $√&
+ √𝑥(ln(3) × 3& tan(𝑥) + 3& 𝑠𝑒𝑐 $ (𝑥))

+# 56.(')
𝑓 " (1) = $√'
+ √1(ln(3) × 3' tan(1) + 3' 𝑠𝑒𝑐 $ (1))
=17.7456
=17.75

m)

𝑓 " (𝑥) = log 𝑥 ln 𝑥

% %
𝑓 " (𝑥) = %& J𝑙𝑜𝑔'7 (𝑥)L ln(𝑥) + %& (ln(𝑥))𝑙𝑜𝑔'7 (𝑥)
$2. (&)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 2.('7)&
 $2. (')
𝑓 " (1) = 2.('7)'
= 0.00

n)

𝑓 " (𝑥) = cos (𝑒 89:& )

%
𝑓 " (𝑥) = −sin (𝑒 /0,(&) ) %& (𝑒 /0,(;) )
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 𝑒 /0,(&) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑒 /0,(;) )sin (𝑥)

𝑓 " (1) = 𝑒 /0,(') 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑒 /0,(') )sin (1)

𝑓 " (1) = 1.7028
𝑓 " (1) = 1.70

2.

Find the derivative

𝑦 = ln (𝑥 $ − 4)

%
𝑦′ = %& (ln(𝑥 $ − 4))
$&
𝑦 " = & ! <#

Find the slope

$&
𝑦 " = & ! <#
$(+)
𝑚 = +! <#
=
𝑚=!

Find the point

𝑦 = ln (3$ − 4)
y = ln(5)
y=1.609

(3, 1.609)

Find the equation of the tangent line

𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥' ) + 𝑦'

=
y=! (𝑥 − 3) + 1.609
 = '>
𝑦 = !𝑥 − !
+ 1.609
= = '>
𝑦 = ! 𝑥 − 5.209 or 𝑦 = ! 𝑥 − !
+ ln (5)

3.

Find the derivative

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 $ 2&
%
𝑓(𝑥)" = 2 cos(2& ) %& (cos(2& ))
𝑓(𝑥)" = − ln(2) 2'*& cos(2& ) sin (2& )

Find the slope

𝑓(𝑥)" = − ln(2) 2'*& cos(2& ) sin (2& )

$ $ $
𝑚 = − ln(2) 2'* % cos Q2 % R sin (2 % )
𝑚 = 1.19864

Find the point

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 $ 2&
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 $ 27
=0.29192
=0.29

The point is (0, 0.29)

Find the equation of the tangent line

𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥' ) + 𝑦'

?
𝑦 = 1.19864 Q𝑥 − + R + 0.29
𝑦 = 1.19864𝑥 − 1.255212873 + 0.29
𝑦 = 1.19864𝑥 − 0.965212873

4.

Slope of Parallel Line = Slope of Tangent Line

<$
Therefore 𝑚 = <' = 2

%
%&
= 𝑒& = 2
𝑥 = ln (2)

𝑦 = 𝑒 2. ($) = 2

Therefore, at point J𝑥', 𝑦' L = (ln(2) , 2)

m=2

Equation of the tangent line

𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥' ) + 𝑦'

𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − ln (2)) + 2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑙𝑛2 + 2

5.
Find the derivative
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑒 &
𝑓(𝑥)" = 3𝑥 + 𝑒 & + 𝑒 & 𝑥 +

Find critical numbers

0 = 3𝑥 + 𝑒 & + 𝑒 & 𝑥 +
𝑒 & (3𝑥 $ + 𝑥 + ) = 0
𝑒 & = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥

3𝑥 $ + 𝑥 + = 0
𝑥 $ (3 + 𝑥) = 0
x= -3, 0

P(x) is increasing on (−3, ∞) and decreasing on (−∞, −3)

6.

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 & − 2𝑥

% %
%&
𝑓(𝑥) = %& (𝑒 & − 2𝑥)
" (𝑥)
𝑓 = 𝑒& − 2

𝑓 " (𝑥) = 0
𝑒& − 2 = 0
𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛2
% %
%&
𝑓 " (𝑛) = %& (𝑒 & − 2)
𝑓"(𝑛) = 𝑒 &
𝑓"(ln (2)) = 𝑒 AB$ = 2 > 0

𝑓(ln(2)) = 𝑒 AB$ − 2𝑙𝑛2

= 2 − 𝑙𝑛4
=2 – 1.39
=0.61

Therefore the minimum value of f is 0.61.

7.

Finding Maximum/Minmum points

'
𝑦 = $ sin(2𝑥) + 3 cos(𝑥) + 𝑥
% ' % %&
𝑦′ = %& ($ sin(2𝑥)) + %& (3 cos(𝑥)) + %&
𝑦 " = cos(2𝑥) − 3 sin(𝑥) + 1

cos(2𝑥) − 3 sin(𝑥) + 1 = 0
−2𝑠𝑖𝑛$ (𝑥) − 3 sin(𝑥) + 2 = 0
(−2𝑠𝑖𝑛$ (𝑥) + 1)(sin(𝑥) + 2) = 0

-2sin(x) +1 = 0
sin(x) + 2 = 0

? !?
x= =, =

Verifying maximum

𝑦 " = cos(2𝑥) − 3 sin(𝑥) + 1

? ?
𝑦′" = −2 sin Q2 = R − 3cos ( = )

!√+
= − $

Verifying minimum

𝑦 " = cos(2𝑥) − 3 sin(𝑥) + 1

!? !?
𝑦′" = −2 sin Q2 = R − 3cos ( = )
 !√+
= $

Pluggin points into original function

'
𝑦 = $ sin(2𝑥) + 3 cos(𝑥) + 𝑥
' ? ? ?
𝑦 = $ sin Q2 ∙ = R + 3 cos Q = R + =

C√+ ?
= #
+=

'
𝑦 = $ sin(2𝑥) + 3 cos(𝑥) + 𝑥
' !? !? !?
𝑦 = $ sin Q2 ∙ =
R + 3 cos Q = R + =

C√+ !?
=− #
+ =

? C√+ ? C√+ !?
Therefore ( = , #
+ = ) is a local maximum and (- #
+ =
) is a local minimum.

8.

&
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = $7
𝑥 = 20𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

%& %
%D
= 20 %D 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
%E
= −20𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 × %D

𝜃 = 76 ∘
 (<!)×($?)
𝑣 = −20𝑠𝑖𝑛76 ∘× +=7

<?
𝑣 = −20𝑠𝑖𝑛76 ∘× +=
𝑣 = 1.745329𝑠𝑖𝑛76 ∘
G
𝑣 = 1.69 :H8

Therefore, the kite is moving horizontal when the angle between the string and the ground is 76
degrees is 1.69 m/sec.

9.

𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
%:
%D
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡)
%:
%D
= 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

So, cost+sint = 0

tant = -1
+? C?
Therefore (when they occur is… 𝑡 = # , # )

+? +? +? ' '
𝑆GI& = 𝑆 Q # R = sin Q # R − cos Q # R = − (− )
√$ √$
= √2
C? C? C? ' '
𝑆GJB = 𝑆 Q # R = sin Q # R − cos Q # R = − −( )
√$ √$
= −√2
+? C?
Therefore, the max is √2 meters at 𝑡 = #
seconds and the min is -√2 at #
seconds

10.

Finding length for circle

9 − 𝑥 = 2𝜋𝑟
K<&
𝑟 = $?
K<&
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋( $? )$

Adding in area for square…

& K<&
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = (#)$ + 𝜋( $? )$
% & K<&
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = %& ((#)$ + 𝜋( $? )$ )
 % &! K<&
= %& ('= + 𝜋( $? )$ )
% &! K<& !
= %& ('= + 𝜋( $! ?! ))
& % K<& !
=> + %& (𝜋 #?!
)
& & K
>
− $? − $? = 0

𝑥𝜋 + 4𝑥 = 36

𝑥(𝜋 + 4) = 36
+=
𝑥 = (?*#) = 5.04

Therefore the wire should be cut at 5.04m in order to achieve the smallest area for the shapes.

11.
a)

Revenue = (Price per person) * (# of riders)

(Price per person) = 𝜋 + 0.02𝑥

(# of riders) = 20,000 – 271𝑥

Therefore the complete total revenue function is….

Revenue = (𝜋 + 0.02𝑥) ∙ (20,000 − 271𝑥)

b)

The quantity of passengers must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 31,000

Therefore using the formula (# of riders) = 20,000 – 271𝑥 and plugging in the constraints we get
the domain of [-40.59, 73.8]

c)

Revenue = (𝜋 + 0.02𝑥) ∙ (20,000 − 271𝑥)

Revenue’ = 0.02(20,000 − 271𝑥) + (−271)(𝜋 + 0.02𝑥)
Revenue’ = -10.84x – 451.37160
x= - 41.639446

Outside the domain therefore -40.59 is to be used

Price = 𝜋 + 0.02𝑥
Price = 𝜋 + 0.02(−40.59)
=$2.33

Therefore $2.33 should be charged to maximize revenue.

d)

Profit = revenue – cost

= (400 − 271𝜋) − 10.84𝑥 − 0.10(271) = -39.139

Profit(x)= 𝜋 − 0.02𝑥
= 𝜋 − 0.02𝑥 ⋅ −39.139
= $2.36

Therefore $2.36 should be charged to maximize profit.

12.

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑥 = 𝑥 $ ℎ
!
ℎ = &!

side area = xh + xh +xh +xh

𝐴: = 4 x h (𝑚$ )

Bottom area = 𝑥 $ (𝑚$ )

Total cost of making the box = $1.6 x 4xh + $2𝑥 $

!
𝑐 = 1.6 × 4 × Q& ! R + 2𝑥 $
$7 × '.=
𝑐= &
+ 2𝑥 $

Minimum cost, differentiate the function

%8
%&
=0

$7×'.=
Therefore #
= 𝑥+
x=2

moving forward..
%!M <$7×'.=×(<$)
%& !
= &%
+4>0
%!M
𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2 𝑖𝑠 > 0
%& !

Therefore, I know that x = 2 is a point of minima

! !
ℎ = & ! = # = 1.25

Therefore x=2m and h=1.25m to minimize the cost of making the box

13.

Let x be the additional number of trees

DNHH:
Num of trees planted = 2000 + 𝑥 OH8DINH:

IPPAH:
Change in yield (on average) = (300 − 0.1𝑥) DNHH

P(x) = (2000 + x)(300-0.1x)

=2000 × 300 − 200𝑥 + 300𝑥 − 0.1𝑥 $

𝑃(𝑥) = 2000 × 300 + 100𝑥 − 0.1𝑥 $

To find largest crop:

𝑃" (𝑥) = −0.2𝑥 + 100

0.2x= 100
x=500

𝑃′′(𝑥) = −0.2 < 0

This proves that x = 500 is the maximum, which means that 2500 trees will give the largest crop
of apples.

14.

Laying on land = w
Laying underwater = 3w

𝑦 $ = 200$ + 𝑥 $
Total Cost = 3𝑤√200$ + 𝑥 $ + 𝑤(500 − 𝑥)
% %
%&
(3𝑤√40000 + 𝑥 $ + %& (𝑤(500 − 𝑥))
+Q&
= √#7777*& ! − 𝑤
+Q&
𝑤 = √#7777*& !

3𝑥 = √40000 + 𝑥 $
9𝑥 $ = 40000 + 𝑥 $
8𝑥 $ = 40000

x= 70.71 meters

Find land distance:

500 - x
500 – 70.71 = 429.29 meters

Under water distance:

$77!
𝑦=h >
+ 200$
=212.13 meters

Therefore, the path to minimize cost would be 429.29 meters on land and 212.13 meters
underwater.