COS30043

Interface Design and

Development

Lecture 5 – Components and Router

Contents

• Components

• Custom Directive

• Router

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 Components

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Component (Use)
• Components are one of the most powerful features
of Vue.js.
• They help to extend basic HTML elements to
encapsulate reusable code.
• Components are custom elements that Vue.js’
compiler would attach specified behavior to.

<div id="app">
<example_component>
</example_component>
</div>

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 Component (Use)
• Components are reusable Vue instances with a
name
• Components can be reused as many times as you
want, for example

<div id="app">
<example_component></example_component>
<example_component></example_component>
<example_component></example_component>
</div>

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Component (Declare)
const app = Vue.createApp({ })
app.component('example_component’,
{ Component name
data (){// shorthand accessed in the view
(HTML) as an HTML
return {
element
// declare properties
}
},

template:
// declare methods

})
app.mount('#app')

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 Component (Declare)
app.component('example_component’,
{
data:function(){
return {
// declare properties
}
},
template:
// declare methods
});
/* a component’s data option must be a function, so that each
instance can maintain an independent copy of the returned data
object
*/
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Component Example
JavaScript:
const app = Vue.createApp({ })
app.component('example_component',
{
data: function(){
return {msg: 'Hello Mr. Chua'}
},
template: '<p>{{ msg }} </p>'
});
app.mount('#app’)
HTML:
<div id="app" >
<example_component> </example_component>
</div>
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 Passing Data to Child Components with Props
Props are custom attributes you can register on a component.
When a value is passed to a prop attribute, it becomes a
property on that component instance.
app.component('blog-post', {
props: ['title'],
template: '<h3>{{ title }}</h3>’
})
Once a prop is registered, you can pass data to it as a custom
attribute:
<blog-post title="My journey with Vue"></blog-post>
<blog-post title="Blogging with Vue"></blog-post>
<blog-post title="Why Vue is so fun"></blog-post>

Here we pass text, do not use “v-bind:title” or “:title”

To pass a javascript
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Design use “v-bind:”
and Development, or “:”
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Passing Data to Child Components with Props

If you want to pass a javascript expression to the child compoment,
you can use “v-bind:” or simply “:” before the attribute.

Component declare (in JavaScript):

app.component(‘myComp’, {
props: [‘fruits’],
template: ‘<ul><li v-for=“f in fruits”>{{ f }}</li></ul>’
})
Component use (in HTML):
<myComp v-bind:fruits="['apple','orange','grape']"></myComp>
Or
<myComp :fruits="['apple','orange','grape']"></myComp>

To pass a javascript expression, use “v-bind:” or “:”

To pass
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Design anddo not use “v-bind:”
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 Contents

• Components

• Custom Directive

• Router

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Ways to Declare and Use a Directive

• Use directive as attribute
<span v-mydirective></span>
• Declare it globally using
app.directive(‘mydirective’,
{{
// code
} })
• Declare it locally using component.
Components accept a “directives” option

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 Parts of a Directive
• Directive name
• Hook functions(optional)
created - called before bound element's attributes or event listeners
are applied
beforeMount - called right before the element is inserted into the
DOM.
mounted - called when the bound element's parent component and
all its children are mounted.
beforeUpdate - called before the parent component is updated
updated - called after the parent component and all of its children
have updated
beforeUnmount - called before the parent component is unmounted
unmounted - called when the parent component is unmounted
• Hook arguments
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Creating a Directive Object

• Creating a directive
const app = Vue.createApp({})
app.directive('highlight', {
created(el, binding, vnode) {
el.style.backgroundColor = 'lightgreen'
}
})
app.mount('#app’)

N.B. directives can also be registered locally by

defining them inside the components option. This is an
example where a directive is registered globally.

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 Using a directive

<html>
:
<body id=“app”>
<p v-highlight> Colour changed to green</p>

</body>
</html>

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Custom Directive 1 (Use)

Passing value to a custom directive

<div v-highlight=“’red’”>
</div>
• This enables you to create a library of directives that you
can use across different web apps.

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 Custom Directive 1 (Declare)
app.directive('highlight', {
created(el, binding, vnode) {
el.style.backgroundColor = binding.value
}
})

el: The element. This can be used to directly manipulate

the DOM.

vnode: A virtual DOM tree produced by Vue’s compiler. It

is a JavaScript data structure that describes a DOM tree.

binding: An object containing the following properties.

- name: The name of the directive, without the v-
prefix.
- value: The value passed to the directive. For example
in v-my-directive="1 + 1", the value would be 2.
- expression: The expression of the binding as a
string. For example in v-my-directive="1 + 1", the
expression would be "1 + 1".
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Execution of a Directive

• <div v-highlight=“’red’”></div>
Read
directive

• el.style.backgroundColor=‘red’
Execute link

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 Custom Directive 2 (Use)
Passing Objects as values
<div
v-highlight = “{colour: ‘red’,
font: ‘italic’}”>
</div>
• method evaluates the string as an expression to create the
array.

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Custom Directive 2 (Declare)

app.directive('highlight', {
created(el, binding, vnode) {
el.style.backgroundColor = binding.value.color
el.style.border = binding.value.border
el.style.fontStyle = binding.value.font
}
})

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 Execution of a Directive

• <div v-highlight=“{colour: ‘red’,

font: ‘italic’}”></div>
Read
directive

• el.style.backgroundColor = binding.value.colour;
• el.style.fontStyle = binding.value.font;
Execute link

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Contents

• Components

• Custom Directive

• Router

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 Link to library
Link to vue and vue-router：

<script src="js/vue.min.js"> </script>

<script src="js/vue-router.js"></script>

You can download Vue Router from

https://router.vuejs.org/installation.html

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Router (Use)
In HTML:
<div id=“app”>
<!-- links to template -->
<nav>
<router-link to="<destination>">
Menu Option</router-link>
</nav>

<!-- div to display the component -->

<router-view></router-view>
</div>

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 Router (Use) Example
In HTML:

<div id="app">
<h1>Hello App!</h1>
<p>
<!-- use the router-link for navigation. -->
<router-link to="/">Home</router-link>
<router-link to="/about">About</router-link>
</p>

<!-- component matched by the route will render here -->

<router-view></router-view>
</div>

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Router (Declare)
In JavaScript:
1. Define route components
const Home = { … }
// 2. Define routes. Each route should map to a
component.
const routes = [ … ]
// 3. Create the router instance and pass the
`routes` option
const router = VueRouter.createRouter({
history: VueRouter.createWebHashHistory(),
routes, // short for `routes: routes`
})
// 4. Create and mount the root instance.
const app = Vue.createApp({})
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
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 Router (Declare) Example
In JavaScript:
// 1. Define route components
const Home = { template: '<div>Home</div>' }
const About = { template: '<div>About</div>' }
// 2. Define routes. Each route should map to a component.
const routes = [
{ path: '/', component: Home },
{ path: '/about', component: About },
]
// 3. Create the router instance and pass the `routes` option
const router = VueRouter.createRouter({
history: VueRouter.createWebHashHistory(),
routes, // short for `routes: routes`
})
// 4. Create and mount the root instance.
const app = Vue.createApp({})
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
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Dynamic Route with Param (example 1)

router-link:
<ul v-for="c in cities">
<!-- use the router-link to create navigation. -->
<li><router-link :to="{ path:'/city/'+c }">
{{c}}</router-link> </li>
</ul>

component (When a route is matched, the value of the dynamic segments will be exposed
as $route.params)
const City = {
template:
'<div>{{$route.params.id}} is a great city. </div>’
}
routes (A dynamic segment is denoted by a colon : )
const routes = [
{ path: '/city/:id', component: City },
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 Dynamic Route with Param (example 2)
router-link
:
<div>
<tr v-for="unit in units">
<td>{{ unit.code }}</td>
<td>{{ unit.desc }}</td>
<td>
<router-link :to="{ path:'/unit/'+unit.code}">
Show Detail</router-link>
</td>
</div>
: Adding a colon (:) before
the to attribute tells Vue
that you're about to use
some
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Dynamic Route with Param (example 2 continued)

routes:
const routes = [ { path: '/unit/:id', component: Unit }
]
Path defines the path of the router, i.e. it will be displayed in the
URL of the browser
component: A dynamic segment is denoted by a colon : When a route is
const Unit = { matched, the value of the dynamic segments will be exposed as
template: `<div> $route.params
<h2>Details of {{ $route.params.id }}</h2>
<ul v-for="unit in filteredUnits">
<li><strong>Code: </strong>{{unit.code}}</li>
<li><strong>Description: </strong>{{unit.desc}}</li>
</ul>
</div>`,
computed: {
//filter function (returns the selected unit object )
filteredUnits: function() {
return this.units.filter(unit => unit.code.toLowerCase()
.match((this.$route.params.id.toLowerCase())));
}
}
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 WHAT’S NEXT?
- FORMS AND VALIDATION

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