4.

1 Front-End and Back-End Technologies

 Front-End

1. HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for
documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. Web browsers receive HTML
documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into
multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and
originally included cues for the appearance of the document.HTML provides a means
to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as
headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are
delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Browsers do not display the HTML
tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page. We used HTML for front end
designing and form designing.

2. CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a
cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout,
colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more
flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics and enable
multiple web pages to share formatting. We used CSS for designing HTML element of
website and such as forms.

3. JavaScript
JavaScript is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web. JavaScript
enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications. The vast
majority of websites use it, and major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine
to execute it. As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven,
functional, and imperative (including object- oriented and prototype based)
programming styles. It has APIs for working with text, arrays, dates, regular
expressions, and the DOM. We used JavaScript for client side form validation and
dynamic changes for content
  Back-End

1. PHP

PHP (Hypertext Processor) is a general-purpose scripting language and interpreter

that is freely available and widely used for web development. The language is used
primarily for server-side scripting, although it can also be used for command-line scripting
and, to a limited degree, desktop applications. The acronym PHP was originally derived
from Personal Home Page Tools, but it now stands for PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor, which the PHP Group's documentation describes as a "recursive acronym."

2. MySQL

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its

name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter
My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes
data into one or more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations
help structure the data. SQL is a language that programmers use to create, modify and extract
data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to
relational databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to
implement a relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for
network access and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.
 CHAPTER 5
 Details of Design, working and processes
5.1 Use Case Diagram
5.2 ER Diagram
5.3 Dataflow Diagram
5.4 Database Table Structure
1. Database table for user Prompt information
5.5 System Implementation

Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a
working system and is giving confidence on the new system for the users that it will work
efficiently and effectively. It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system
and its constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the change over, an
evaluation of change over methods. The implementation process begins with preparing a
plan for the implementation of the system. According to this plan, the activities are to be
carried out, discussions made regarding the equipment and resources and the additional
equipment has to be acquired to implement the new system. In network backup system no
additional resources are needed. Implementation is the final and the most important phase.
The most critical stage in achieving a successful new system is giving the users confidence
that the new system will work and be effective. The system can be implemented only after
thorough testing is done and if it is found to be working according to the specification.
This method also offers the greatest security since the old system can take over if the errors
are found or inability to handle certain type of transactions while using the new system.

5.6 System Testing

As the part of system testing we execute the program with the intent of finding errors
and missing operations and also a complete verification to determine whether the
objectives are met and the user requirements are satisfied. The ultimate aim is quality
assurance. Tests are carried out and the results are compared with the expected document.
In the case of erroneous results, debugging is done. Using detailed testing strategies a test
plan is carried out on each module. The various tests performed are unit testing, integration
testing and user acceptance testing.

Web testing is a software testing practice to test websites or web applications for potential
bugs. It’s a complete testing of web-based applications before making live. A web-based
system needs to be checked completely from end-to-end before it goes live for end users.
By performing website testing, an organization can make sure that the web-based system is
functioning properly and can be accepted by real-time users. The UI design and
functionality are the captains of website testing.

Web Testing Checklists

1) Functionality Testing
2) Usability testing
3) Interface testing
4) Compatibility testing
5) Performance testing
6) Security testing
Functionality Testing

Test for – all the links in web pages, database connection, forms used
for submitting or getting information from the user in the web pages, Cookie
testing, etc.

Check all the links:

 Test the outgoing links from all the pages to the specific domain under test.
 Test all internal links.
 Test links jumping on the same pages.
 Test links used to send email to admin or other users from web pages.
 Test to check if there are any orphan pages.
 Finally, link checking includes, check for broken links in all the
above-mentioned links.

Test forms on all pages:

Forms are an integral part of any website. Forms are used for
receiving information from users and to interact with them.
So what should be checked in these forms?
 First, check all the validations on each field.
 Check for default values of the fields.
 Wrong inputs in the forms to the fields in the forms.
 Options to create forms if any, form delete, view or modify the forms.

Cookies Testing

Cookies are small files stored on the user machine. These are
basically used to maintain the session- mainly the login sessions. Test
the application by enabling or disabling the cookies in browser
options.

Validate HTML/CSS
If we are optimizing site for Search engines then HTML/CSS
validation is the most important one. Mainly validate the site for
HTML syntax errors. Check if the site is crawlable to different search
engines.

Database Testing
Data consistency is also very important in a web application. Check
for data integrity and errors while edit, delete, modify the forms or do
any DB related functionality.