ArduinoWiringNRF24L01 Starter
ArduinoWiringNRF24L01 Starter
Starter Kit
Learning Arduino
Now, when we know nRF24L01 module pinout we can now connect it to Arduino or some other board.
Just connect pins on the same name on Arduino board and nRF24L01 wireless module:
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Schematic is very universal and ts for all the Arduino’s: UNO, DUE, MEGA, Leonardo, Yun etc. (Arduino
1.0 (R3) standard, but also with older boards)
SPI signals are in the ICSP connector. For connecting we suggest using female/female jumper wires (type
FF). The rest of the signals can be connected using a female/male jumper wires (type FM).
nRF24L01 ARDUINO
VCC 3.3V
GND GND
CE and CSN pins can be connected to any digital pins. Then in RF24 library, you can specify which pins
you used. I chose pins 7 and 8 because I will use them in the examples.
On Arduino UNO boards SPI pins are connected with some digital pins. While using modem you most
remember that these digital pins won’t be available.
On the Arduino DUE, Yun and Leonardo SPI pins are on ICSP connector, and are independent of the
digital pins.
Programming nRF24L01
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Having module connected, we need to program it. First program you probably know, we’ll make
traditional “Hello World”.
We will make one device (with the modem), will send the string to the other device. The second device
will send the received string to a stationary computer and them will display it in the Arduino Serial Port
Monitor.
In this project we used RF24 library, which can be found on Github: RF24 library on Github. You only
need to click on “Download ZIP” button and it’ll start downloading all necessary things. You can install
the library in Arduino IDE using Sketch-> Import library-> Add library. Another way is to extract the zip
le to your Arduino home directory: Arduino/libraries on Linux or Documents/ Arduino/libraries in
Windows.
#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>
void setup()
{
radio.begin();
radio.setRetries(15, 15);
radio.openWritingPipe(rxAddr);
radio.stopListening();
}
void loop()
{
const char text[] = "Hello World";
radio.write(&text, sizeof(text));
delay(1000);
}
At the beginning of the sketch we infrom the program that we’ll use libraries.
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This object represents a modem connected to the Arduino. Arguments 7 and 8 are a digital pin numbers
to which signals CE and CSN are connected. If you have connected them to other pins can change this
arguments. Then I create a global array called “rxAddr“.
In this array we wrote the address of the modem, that will receive data from Arduino. Address has value
“00001”, but if you want you can change it to any other 5-letter string. The address is necessary if you
have a few modems in the network, thanks to the address, you can choose a particular modem to which
you are sending the data. In the “setup” function we call the method “radio.begin ();” . It activates the
modem.
Next we call “radio.setRetires(15, 15);” function. It shows how many times the modem will retry to the
send data in case of not receiving by another modem. The rst argument sets how often modem will
retry. It is a multiple of 250 microseconds. 15 * 250 = 3750. So, if the recipient does not receive data,
modem will try to send them every 3.75 milliseconds. Second argument is the number of attempts. So in
our example, modem will try to send 15 times before it will stop and nds that the receiver is out of
range, or is turned o .
The method of “radio.openWritingPipe (rxAddr);” sets the address of the receiver to which the
program will send data. Its argument is an array previously made with the receiver address.
The last method in the “setup” function is “radio.stopListening ();“. It switch the modem to data
transmission mode.
In the “loop” function, we start with creating a string that we want to send using modem.
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It’s an array of characters/letters to which we assigned a “Hello World” text. Then, using the method of
“radio.write (& text, sizeof (text));” we send text through the radio to the modem (the address of the
modem was set up earlier using “openWritingPipe”). First argument is an indication of the variable that
stores the data to send. That’s why we used “&” before the variable name, so we can make an indicator
from this variable. The second argument is the number of bytes that the radio will take from a variable
to be sent. Here we used the function “sizeof ()“, which automatically calculates the number of bytes in a
“text” string.
Through this method, you can send up to 32 bytes at one time. Because that is the maximum size of a
single packet data modem. If you need con rmation that the receiver received data, the method
“radio.write” returns a “bool” value. If it returns “true” , the data reached the receiver. If it returns “false”
this data has not been received.
The “radio.write” method blocks the program until it receives the acknowledgment or until you run out
of all attempts to transmit established methods set in “radio.setRetires“.
The last part of the “loop” function is “delay (1000);“. It blocks the program for 1000 milliseconds, or one
second. It makes the program will sent “Hello World” every second to the receiver.
The receiver
The program of the receiver in the second modem device will look like this:
#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>
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void setup()
{
while (!Serial);
Serial.begin(9600);
radio.begin();
radio.openReadingPipe(0, rxAddr);
radio.startListening();
}
void loop()
{
if (radio.available())
{
char text[32] = {0};
radio.read(&text, sizeof(text));
Serial.println(text);
}
}
The program looks quite similar to the program of the transmitter. First we selected libraries which will
be used and then we creates a “radio” object with selected control pins. In the next line you can see a
table with the address of the receiver – the same as in the transmitter. At the beginning of the “setup”
function we set the object “Serial” for communication Arduino with the computer.
while (! Serial);
This part is waiting for the Arduino USB port switches to serial COM port when You connect USB cable.
That is true for Arduino with ATmega32u4 – like Leonardo, for ATmega328 based boards, which have
separate chip for USB/Serial communication Serial is available always. The method of “Serial.begin
(9600);” sets the baud rate with the computer via USB / COM.
The next part of the function is to set the nRF24L01 modem. Like before we used “radio.begin ();”
method. The next line of the program is “radio.openReadinPipe (0, rxAddr);“, which determines the
address of our modem which receives data. The rst argument is the number of the stream. You can
create up to 6 streams that responds to di erent addresses. We created only address for the stream
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number 0. The second argument is the address to which the stream will react to collect the data. In this
example we set the address assigned to a “rxAddr” array.
The next step is to enable receiving data via modem using the method “radio.startListening ();“. From
that moment the modem waits for data sent to the speci ed address. In the “loop” function, program
performs the following operations. First checks whether any data have arrived at the address of the
modem using the method “radio.available ();“. This method returns a “true” value if we received some
data, or “false” if no data.
If the data was received, then it creates a 32-element “char” type array called “text” and lled with zeros
(later the program will ll it with the received data). To read the data we use the method “radio.read (&
text, sizeof (text));“. The rst argument is an indicator of the variable to which you want to save the
data received by the modem. To present a variable as an indicator we applied the “&” character in front
of its name. The second argument is the amount of data to be stored in a variable. Here, we again have
used the “sizeof ()” function, which automatically calculates the size of the “text” array.
When data is received, it send’s it to the “Serial.println (text);” method. Then the received text is being
sent to a computer, where you can see it in the “Serial Port Monitor” using the Arduino IDE. If you did
everything ok and there are no mistakes in connections, you should see the same values in your Serial
Port Monitor:
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Stay tuned for next articles. We have connected nRF24L01 with Arduino, we will cover Teensy 3.1 and
smaller µc like ATtiny
This entry was posted in howto and tagged arduino, howto, nrf24l01+ on 2014/12/04 [http://starter-
kit.nettigo.eu/2014/connecting-and-programming-nrf24l01-with-arduino-and-other-boards/] by nettigo.
Kumaran
2015/02/03 at 16:27
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I was having problem with NRF24 for almost 2 weeks now (Arduino and Raspberry Pi). This is due to
many misleading information out there that doesn’t work or confusing or too much information that not
required for basic “Hello World” program.
After spending lots of time trying sample scripts that doesn’t work, I was almost gave up. Finally, found
your website with super simple script and worked like charm on rst attempt.
Your graphical guide (clean and clear) helps a lot in getting the pins connected without mistakes.
Step by step explanation on script lines helps to understand it’s function more clearer. In fact it’s a great
“Hello World” tutorial that everyone can get started without issue.
Now only I know that only few lines of codes needed and it’s enough to test NRF24 “Hello World”
program.
2015/02/03 at 18:19
Hi Kumaran,
We are glad You found these posts useful :)
Joseph Chrzempiec
2015/02/18 at 00:09
Hello i tried your sketch and it works thank you. But the problem I’m having is that the delay receiving it
on the serial monitor is very slow it’s like instead of 1 second i get like a 5 second delay. i try to take out
the delay that seems to go faster but then i get instead of a hello world once i get it like 3 times at once.
can someone please help me out? thank you.
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2015/02/19 at 12:49
@Jospeh
Hard to say what is wrong.
If there are radio interferences nrf makes few tries to send – maybe this is the case? Something is
interfering – can You make test in another environment?
Second guess is that after some work we nd that Mirf library ( https://github.com/stanleyseow/arduino-
nrf24l01 ) is much better in terms of stability. We will write some examples in future, but right now You
can take a look at code https://github.com/nettigo/TinnySensorModule This sketch is for ATtiny84, but
inside is folder with code for UNO to receive data.
Luke
2015/03/12 at 03:42
Hi, I tried your code and it works for one or two lines but then it starts outputting gobbeltygook forever.
I’m not sure what’s going on here. At rst I had the pins you point out as 7 and 8 as 9 and 10 so I
changed them to 7 and 8 but it does the same thing.
2015/04/02 at 15:22
@Luke
So it works, rst two times and later goes bananas? Frankly I don’t have idea… You use exactly code as in
examples on our blog?
Topcorner
2015/04/14 at 18:39
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new to all this – getting ARduino IDE 1.6.3 compile error shown below. I have a feeling something is
pointing to the wrong area so it is not picking up all the libraries but cannot gure it out. I’ve tried
changing the in the include statements to “xxx” but no change. Would greatly appreciate any help you
can o er.
C:\Users\Top\AppData\Roaming\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avr-gcc\4.8.1-arduino2/bin/avr-g++
-c -g -Os -w -fno-exceptions - unction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-threadsafe-statics -MMD -
mmcu=atmega328p -DF_CPU=12000000L -DARDUINO=10603 -DARDUINO_AVR_PROTRINKET5FTDI -
DARDUINO_ARCH_AVR -
IC:\Users\Top\AppData\Roaming\Arduino15\packages\arduino\hardware\avr\1.6.2\cores\arduino -
IC:\Users\Top\AppData\Roaming\Arduino15\packages\arduino\hardware\avr\1.6.2\variants\eightanalog
inputs -IC:\Users\Top\AppData\Roaming\Arduino15\packages\arduino\hardware\avr\1.6.2\libraries\SPI -
IC:\Users\Top\Documents\Arduino\libraries\RF24-master
C:\Users\Top\AppData\Local\Temp\build8004962604088768678.tmp\RF24_Hello_World_tx.cpp -o
C:\Users\Top\AppData\Local\Temp\build8004962604088768678.tmp\RF24_Hello_World_tx.cpp.o
RF24_Hello_World_tx.ino: In function ‘void setup()’:
RF24_Hello_World_tx.ino:13:31: error: invalid conversion from ‘const byte* {aka const unsigned char*}’
to ‘uint64_t {aka long long unsigned int}’ [-fpermissive]
In le included from RF24_Hello_World_tx.ino:3:0:
C:\Users\Top\Documents\Arduino\libraries\RF24-master/RF24.h:324:8: error: initializing argument 1 of
‘void RF24::openWritingPipe(uint64_t)’ [-fpermissive]
void openWritingPipe(uint64_t address);
2015/04/14 at 19:05
Hi!
Thank You for trying our examples. RF24 was our rst choice when we started projects with nRF
modules, however now we prefer https://github.com/aaronds/arduino-nrf24l01 Mirf library. Less
features but more stable.
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These errors are related to changes in newer IDE and compiler. I think if You fallback to 1.5.x it will work.
We plan to rewrite examples to Mirf library using newer IDE, but I can not give any estimate when it can
happen.
Topco
2015/04/14 at 19:37
Thank you for the info. I’ll keep plugging away at it.
Ed
2015/04/15 at 00:05
Since NRF24l01 sends max of 32 bytes at a time, how do you go about sending a set of information that
has 150 bytes?
Thanks
2015/04/23 at 22:19
@Ed
There is no support for that AFAIK, Your software has to split message into smaller chunks and put them
back on the other side…
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Maciek
2015/05/02 at 18:58
spikes556
2015/05/14 at 01:41
I was having trouble with the Arduino Micro and the NRF24l01. I found the solution on this web page
http://minspan.blogspot.com/2014/06/nrf24l01-rf24-radio-on-arduino-micro.html
Basically, the ICSP are not hooked up or hooked up wrong. You will have to use pin 11 for MISO, pin 9
for SCK, pin 10 for MOSI. The mentioned website explains it further.
Divyesh
2015/05/16 at 02:22
Hello,
Very nice and simple Hello world example. It is pretty useful as a beginner.
No I have a question for you. Have tried to set a network of more than one nrf24l01?
i am working on the project where I am making a network4 nrf24l01 transceivers, such that one can
broadcast the text message from one transceiver at the base station to all the other transceivers
connected to it. After receiving the message, the transceiver should reply back to the base station in
same manner.
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I need your some guidance in the coding. What should be the code at base station and what could be
the code at other node?
Thank you
afzal rehmnai
2015/05/24 at 07:56
can u post the schemetics for the both the transmitter and the reciever i am confused ….
should i use 2 arduino and 2 nr 01 for communications ????? plz help some
TeDe123
2015/06/11 at 09:38
Hi,
Thanks a lot for this tutorial. It’s great and probably the best in whole web.
I’ve run this exaple on my Arduino Due boards. I’ve just needed to write #de ne RF24_DUE in the code
to make it works. Everything is correct and i am sending and receiving messegas on my boards.
Now I have to use the nrf24lo1 transmission with my usb host shield which uses SPI too. Does
somebody knows how to initialize SPI in code for two devices – usb host shield and nrf24l01 in this case,
(maybe some hardware changes are needed?)
I found the information in datasheet that shield uses pin 10 as a CS PIN, so i’ve changed it for nrf to pin
4. When i did that and stopped using port 10 for nrf24l01 my program doesn’t work anymore. I cannot
even write anything on terminal using Serial.println() function.
If i use pin 10 for nrf CS again Serial port works, but nrf transmission doesn’t work.
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AhmarSultan
2015/06/12 at 12:48
I have an UNO and on the other hand a MEGA. The UNO works ne as a transmitter when I connect it
with an external power supply where the MEGA is connected as the receiver to the computer. But when
i do the vice versa of it (MEGA as transmitter and UNO as receiver) and i connect MEGA to the external
power supply, no packets are received and no change is captured. Can you suggest me a solution to my
problem?
I will be grateful.
Thanks.
Brian
2015/07/12 at 23:49
I have the ADDICORE nRF24L01+ kit and had this running within an hour. The kit comes with Male-
Female connectors so it was easier to connect from the RF board to the Arduino on the digital input pins
(11, 12, 13) instead of the ICSP pins.
Thanks in advance to whoever can post some simple Arduino code to answer this question.
Brian
2015/07/13 at 13:40
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//de ne
byte msg[1];
void loop()
msg[0] = any_byte_number;
radio.write(msg, 1);
Dario
2015/07/13 at 14:53
Hi!
Your explanation is complete and straightforward, much more than any other confusing website on the
web
Thanks a lot!
Hiloliddin
2015/08/10 at 19:28
Hello
radio.openWritingPipe(rxAddr);
Arduino: 1.6.6 Hourly Build 2015/08/07 05:34 (Windows 8.1), Board: “Arduino Uno”
thanks
Shamil Mowlana
2015/09/07 at 09:28
@Hiloliddin In both transmitter and receiver use rxAddr[6] in the reading and writing pipes. Add the
square brackets [6].
Plinio Bueno
2015/09/12 at 08:38
Great tutorial. I sufered a lot with this damn radio and now you made it as easy as possible. Thank you
very much!
Roberto Lo Giacco
2015/09/21 at 00:19
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Hi, I’m creating a series on using the nRF24 to create a sensor network and I would appreciate your
feedback.
The series, 2 out of the planned 7 posts out, starts at
https://rlogiacco.wordpress.com/2015/09/06/nrf24-walk-through-introduction/
Bibin
2015/09/28 at 04:54
Luka
2015/10/12 at 13:23
Hello,
i could send:
Thank you!
Emin
2015/10/14 at 20:45
hi, i just copy paste your code but i got this massege “invalid conversion from ‘const byte* {aka const
unsigned char*}’ to ‘uint64_t {aka long long unsigned int}’ [-fpermissive]” from arduino compiler. So, I
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search for it. After that I wrote”const uint64_t rxAddr = 0xE8E8F0F0E1LL;” instead of “const byte
rxAddr[6] = “00001””; . I open serial monitor and I saw repeatedly “ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ”.
I have problem with NRF24 for almost 3 days. I am using arduino Leonardo.
Please help me for solving this problem. I am going crazy.
Jose
2015/10/29 at 06:23
Thank you for such a clear explanation on how to use this RF module. Got it up and running within half
an hour with two Arduino UNOs.
Do you know if it’s possible to have one module set up as a transmitter while you have 2 or more
receivers?
aymeric
2015/11/27 at 14:12
Hello,
Thanks for the clear script !
It works ne, but as soon as I plug-on my gps shield, without changing anything in the code.. it stops
working. .I suppose this is coming from the CSN/SS pin (7) that I need to put to HIGH, but I have had no
success so far.
2015/11/27 at 14:33
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@aymeric
What pins are used by gps shield? Is it SPI also? Does it have xed CSN/SS pin? Remember – on SPI SS
pin is used to select which slave device has access to SPI bus. And this is reason why NRF and GPS have
to use di erent CSN/SS pins
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2015/12/16 at 14:41
Hello,
This error show some problem with communication between UNO and computer. Is this missing
bootloader on UNO, or wrong drivers in computer I can not tell. Can You upload Blink (File/Examples/01.
Basics/Blink)? If You disconnect everything from UNO can You program it? Did You connect something to
pins 0/1 in UNO?
tegiz
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2015/12/17 at 10:56
Thank
2015/12/17 at 12:27
To be honest, I have lying few NRF24L01+PA+LNA. I connected them but for rst time I was unable to get
them running. Had no time to debug them, but I have them on TODO list. If there will be some outcome,
I’ll post them on this blog, but don’t know when.
2016/02/25 at 11:59
Mike
2016/01/18 at 05:57
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Thank you for the information it was great help for me. I am very new to arduino and got several
nrf24l01 to play with and needed someplace to start. I used a Nano and Uno with your example and it
worked good. I had to change the pin numbers some for the Nano because I used a shield that
connected to di erent Dout numbers but it worked rst try.
heng
2016/02/13 at 15:17
HI
i have tried every tutorial for nrf24l01 but none work for me so I tried this which connects di erently. I
cannot upload because of error on this:
const byte rxAddr[6] = “00001”;
it is no longer accepted on 1,5.5 or 1,6.4 IDE versions
can you please update?
thanks
Summit Sayem
2016/03/07 at 16:26
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