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Trigger

The document discusses implementing triggers in Oracle PL/SQL for a student database. It provides examples of creating before and after triggers for insert, update, and delete operations to perform validation checks and notifications. The triggers are used to restrict operations under certain conditions like exceeding a record count or updating during specific hours.

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Jana Jana
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14 views9 pages

Trigger

The document discusses implementing triggers in Oracle PL/SQL for a student database. It provides examples of creating before and after triggers for insert, update, and delete operations to perform validation checks and notifications. The triggers are used to restrict operations under certain conditions like exceeding a record count or updating during specific hours.

Uploaded by

Jana Jana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ex.

No: 4 Application Development - PART II

Aim:
To implement trigger concept in student database in insertion, updation and deletion

Triggers

BEFORE INSERT:

TO ADMIT STUDENT THE STUDENTS WHOSE YEAR OF ADMISSION IS


2022?

CREATE TRIGGER bit


BEFORE INSERT ON StudentMaster1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF :NEW.yrofadmision==2021 THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Admit');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('DON T ADMIT');
END IF;
END;
/
INSERT INTO StudentMaster_1 VALUES ('yeager',107,'Male','2023',400,8,'3','C');

OUTPUT:
BEFORE UPDATE:

CHECK WHETHER THE GIVEN MARK IS GREATER THAN 100?

create trigger bupd


before update on ResultMaster_1
for each row
begin
IF :NEW.result=’pass’ then
dbms_output.put_line('u r eligible');
ELSE
raise_application_error(-20000,’u r nor eligible');
END IF;
END;
/
update ResultMaster_1 set result =’pass’ where studname=’tamil’;

OUTPUT:
BEFORE DELETE

Only delete the record where department is maths:

CREATE TRIGGER bdel


BEFORE DELETE ON ResultMaster_1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF :OLD.dept = 'Science' THEN
dbms_output.Put_line('Deletion Permitted');
ELSE
Raise_application_error(20001,'Deletion Restricted');
END IF;
END;
/

OUTPUT:

After Insert

To check the inserted records gender:

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER gen


AFTER INSERT ON StudentMaster

FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

IF :new.gender= 'Male' THEN

dbms_output.put_line('Student is male');

ELSE

dbms_output.put_line('Student is female');

END IF;

END;

INSERT INTO StudentMaster_1 VALUES ('mikasa','118','Female','2023',400,8,'3','C');

OUTPUT:

After update

To show the updated employees name:

CREATE TRIGGER bu3


AFTER UPDATE
ON studentmaster
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NEW.regno>0)
DECLARE
diff number;
BEGIN
diff:=:NEW.markspersem-:OLD.markspersem;
dbms_output.put_line('Difference:'||diff);
END;

update studentmaster set markspersem='250' where regno='104'

OUTPUT:

After delete:

TO SHOW THE DELETED EMPLOYEES ID:


CREATE TRIGGER d1
AFTER DELETE
ON employee
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Trigger is activated');
END;

DELETE FROM employee WHERE estreet='secondstreet';

OUTPUT:
QUERIES:

1. Write a code in PL/SQL to create a trigger that restricts the insertion of new rows if the
total of column value exceed a certain threshold.

CREATE TRIGGER binsert

BEFORE INSERT

ON studentmaster1

FOR EACH ROW

DECLARE

count1 int(10);

BEGIN

select count(studname) into count1 from studentmaster1;

IF count1 > 5 THEN

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,'YOU ARE EXCEEDING');

END IF;

END;

OUTPUT:
insert into StudentMaster1 values('sara',218,'Female',2023,76,5,2023,'A')

2. Write a code in PL/SQL to implement a trigger that automatically calculates and


updates a total column for a table whenever a new rows are inserted

CREATE TRIGGER u
BEFORE INSERT
ON Employeemaster
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
total_rows NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total_rows FROM Employeemaster;
dbms_output.put_line('New rows added. Total rows: ' || TO_CHAR(total_rows + 1));
END;
/
insert into employeemaster3 values(1001,'yeager','29-feb-
2000','maths','regular',21,'shioganshina',9734543,'b-ve');

OUTPUT:

3. Write a pl/sql code to create a trigger that automatically updates the last modified time whenever a
new row is updated

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER t


BEFORE UPDATE ON employeemaster3
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
last_modified TIMESTAMP;
BEGIN
last_modified := SYSTIMESTAMP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last Modified Time: ' || TO_CHAR(last_modified, 'YYYY-MM-DD


HH24:MI:SS'));
END;
/

OUTPUT:
4. Write a code in pl/sql to create a trigger that check for duplicate values in a specific
column and raises an exception if found

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER c


BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON employeemaster
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
duplicate_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO duplicate_count
FROM employeemaster
WHERE type= :NEW.type;
IF duplicate_count > 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate values not allowed in the specified
column.');
END IF;
END;
/

Output:

5. Write a code in pl/sql to create a trigger that prevents update on a certain column during
specific hour of the day

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER p


BEFORE UPDATE ON employeemaster
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
C_h NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH24')) INTO C_h FROM DUAL;

IF UPDATING('type') AND current_hour BETWEEN 6 AND 17 THEN


RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Updates to the specified column are not allowed during
specific hours.');
END IF;
END;
/

Output:

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