6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle

Solutions (Enhanced)

4. (a) ∵ RP = RQ, RP ⊥ CB and RQ ⊥ CD

6 Special Lines and Centres in a ∴ CR is the angle bisector of BCD.
Triangle (converse of  bisector property)

Enhanced Worksheet 6.1A

(b) ADC = RQC (corr.  s, AD // RQ)
1. ∵ BDE is the angle bisector of ABC. = 90
∴ DBC = DBA ABC = RPC (corr.  s, BA // PR)
= 68 = 90
In △BCD, ∵ CA is the angle bisector of BCD, AB ⊥ BC and
CDE = DBC + DCB (ext.  of △) AD ⊥ CD.
x = 68 + 90 ∴ AB = AD ( bisector property)
= 158 2x − 5 = x + 2
CD = AD ( bisector property) x=7
AB = (2 x − 5) cm
5 y = 15
y=3 = [2(7) − 5] cm
= 9 cm
2. ∵ EC is the angle bisector of ACB.
∴ ED = EF ( bisector property) 5. ∵ CE = CF, CE ⊥ AB and CF ⊥ AD
= 9 cm ∴ CA is the angle bisector of BAD.
Area of △ABC = area of △ACE + area of △BCE (converse of  bisector property)
∴ BAC = DAC
1 1
=  AC  EF +  BC  DE In △ABD,
2 2
ABD + ADB + BAD = 180 ( sum of △)
1 1 
=   20  9 +  16  9  cm 2 62 + 36 + 2BAC = 180
 2 2 
2BAC = 82
= 162 cm 2
BAC = 41
In △ACE,
3. Let G and H be the points on BE such that FG ⊥ BE and ACE + BAC = BEC (ext.  of △)
DH ⊥ BE.
ACE + 41 = 90
ACE = 49

6. In △ABD,
ABD + ADB + BAD = 180 ( sum of △)
21 + ADB + 90 = 180
ADB = 69
∵ AB = BC, DA ⊥ AB and DC ⊥ BC
∴ BD is the angle bisector of ADC.
(converse of  bisector property)
∵ DB is the angle bisector of CBE.
∴ CDB = ADB
∴ DH = DC ( bisector property)
= 69
= 14 cm
AED = CDB (alt.  s, AE // DC)
∵ FB is the angle bisector of ABE.
= 69
∴ FG = FA ( bisector property)
= 8 cm
Area of the shaded region 7. ∵ AD = CD, DA ⊥ BA and DC ⊥ BC
= area of △BDE + area of △BFE ∴ BD is the angle bisector of ABC.
1 1 (converse of  bisector property)
=  BE  DH +  BE  FG ∴ CBD = ABD
2 2
1 1  = 33
=   30  14 +  30  8  cm 2 In △BCE,
2 2 
CBD + BCE = DEC (ext.  of △)
= 330 cm2
33 + BCE = 66
BCE = 33

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
∵ BCE = CBE ∵ EC is the angle bisector of ACB.
∴ CE = BE (sides opp. equal s) ∴ ACE = BCE
= CD 1
∴ △CDE is an isosceles triangle. ∴ BCE =  ACB
2
1
=  50
Enhanced Worksheet 6.1B 2
= 25
1. (a) ∵ NP ⊥ OM and OP = MP In △BCE,
∴ NP is the perpendicular bisector of OM. BCE + BEC + CBE = 180 ( sum of △)
∴ MN = ON (⊥ bisector property) 25 + BEC + 33 = 180
3 x + 1 = 58 BEC = 122
3 x = 57
x = 19 4. ∵ BA = BC and BP ⊥ AC
∴ BP is the perpendicular bisector of AC.
(b) NP = (2 x + 4) cm (converse of ⊥ bisector property)
= [2(19) + 4] cm ∴ AC = 2CP
= 2  10 cm
= 42 cm
In △PNO, = 20 cm
NP + OP = ON
2 2 2
(Pyth. theorem) In △BCP,
BP 2 + CP 2 = BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
OP = ON − NP 2 2

BP = BC − CP 2 2
= 582 − 422 cm
= 40 cm = 262 − 102 cm
OM = 2OP = 24 cm
= 2  40 cm Area of △ABC
= 80 cm 1
=  AC  BP
Perimeter of △MNO 2
= ON + MO + MN 1
=  20  24 cm 2
= (58 + 80 + 58) cm 2
= 196 cm = 240 cm 2

2. ∵ DE is the perpendicular bisector of BC. 5. In △ABC,

∴ DB = DC (⊥ bisector property) ∵ AB = CB and BP ⊥ AC
∴ DBC = DCB (base s, isos. △) ∴ BP is the perpendicular
In △ABC, bisector of AC. converse of ⊥ bisector
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △) property
∴ AP = PC
(50 + DBC ) + (21 + DCB) + 77 = 180
In △AQC,
2DBC = 32
∵ AP = PC and QP ⊥ AC
DBC = 16 ∴ AQ = CQ ⊥ bisector property

3. ∵ AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC. 6. In △ABC,

∴ AB = AC (⊥ bisector property) ∵ AB = AC and BE = EC
∴ ABC = ACB (base s, isos. △) ∴ AE is the perpendicular
In △ABC, bisector of BC. converse of ⊥ bisector
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △) property
2ABC + 80 = 180 ∴ AE ⊥ BC
In △BDF,
2ABC = 100
∵ BD = BF and BE ⊥ DF
ABC = 50
∴ BE is a perpendicular
EBC = ABC − ABE
bisector of △BDF. converse of ⊥ bisector
= 50 − 17 property
= 33

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
1
Enhanced Worksheet 6.2 Area of △ABI =  AB  IX
2
1. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC. 1
=  8  x cm2
∴ BI and AI are the angle bisectors of ∠ABC and 2
∠BAC in △ABC respectively. = 4x cm2
∴ DBI = ABI = 25 and BAD = CAD = 36 1
Area of △BCI =  BC  IY
In △ABD, 2
ADC = BAD + ABD (ext. ∠ of △) 1
=  30  x cm 2
= 36 + (25 + 25) 2
= 86 = 15 x cm 2
1
Area of △ACI =  AC  IZ
2. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC. 2
∴ AI and CI are the angle bisectors of BAC and 1
=  26  x cm 2
BCA respectively. 2
∴ CAI = BAI = 33 = 13x cm 2
ACI = BCI = y ∵ Area of △ABC = 96 cm2
In △ABC, ∴ 4 x + 15 x + 13 x = 96
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △) 32 x = 96
42 + ( y + y ) + (33 + 33) = 180 x=3
2 y = 72 ∴ IZ = 3 cm
y = 36
5. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and OD ⊥ BC.
∵ IE ⊥ AC and ID ⊥ BC.
∴ OD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
∴ IE = ID
1
2 x = 30 − x ∴ BD =  BC
2
3x = 30 1
x = 10 =  40 cm
2
= 20 cm
3. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC. In △BDO,
∴ AI, BI and CI are the angle bisectors of BAC, OB 2 = BD 2 + OD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
ABC and BCA respectively.
∴ CAI = BAI = 30 OB = BD 2 + OD 2
ABI = CBI = 44 = 202 + 152 cm
ACI = BCI = 25 cm
In △ABC, OA = OB
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △)
= 25 cm
(44 + 44) + 2BCI + (30 + 30) = 180
2BCI = 32 6. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and BD = DC.
BCI = 16 ∴ OD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
In △BCI, ∴ ∠ODC = 90
BCI + BIC + IBC = 180 ( sum of △) In △OBD,
16 + BIC + 44 = 180 OBD + BOD = ODC (ext. ∠ of △)
BIC = 120 OBD + 52 = 90
OBD = 38
4. Join IA, IB and IC. Let IZ = x cm. ∵ OB = OC
∴ OCB = OBC (base s, isos. △)
= 38
In △ABC,
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △)
(ABO + 38) + (22 + 38) + 52 = 180
ABO = 30

∵ I is the incentre of △ABC.

∴ IX = IY = IZ = x cm

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
7. (a) Join OA.
Enhanced Worksheet 6.3
1. ∵ AC is an altitude of △ABC.
∴ ACB = 90
37 + x = 90
x = 53
In △ABC,
AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)

∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC. AB = AC + BC

2 2

∴ OA = OB = OC
= 202 + 152 cm
∴ BAO = ABO (base s, isos. △)
= 25 cm
= 38 ∵ CD is a median of △ABC.
and CAO = ACO (base s, isos. △)
1
= 12 ∴ BD = AB
2
BAC = BAO + CAO 1
= 38 + 12 y =  25
2
= 50 = 12.5

(b) ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC, AD = DB and 2. (a) In △ABC and △EDC,

AE = EC. BAC = DEC corr. s, BA // DE
∴ OD ⊥ AB and OE ⊥ AC ABC = EDC corr. s, BA // DE
∴ ODA = OEA = 90
ACB = ECD common 
In polygon ADOE,
∴ △ABC ~ △EDC AAA
DAE + OEA + DOE + ODA = (4 − 2) 180
( sum of polygon) (b) ∵ AD is a median of △ABC.
50 + 90 + DOE + 90 = 360 ∴ BD = DC
DOE = 130 ∵ △ABC ~ △EDC proved in (a)
EC DC
∴ = corr. sides, ~△s
8. (a) ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC, OD ⊥ AB and AC BC
OE ⊥ BC. DC
=
∴ OD and OE are the perpendicular bisectors of 2 DC
AB and BC respectively. 1
∴ AB = 2 AD =
2
= 2  15 cm ∴ AE = EC
= 30 cm ∴ DE is a median of △ADC.
BE = CE
= 18 cm Alternative Solution
In △ABE, ∵ AD is a median of △ABC.
∴ BD = DC
AE 2 + BE 2 = AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∵ BD = DC and BA // DE
AE = AB − BE 2 2
∴ AE = EC intercept theorem
∴ DE is a median of △ADC.
= 302 − 182 cm
= 24 cm 3. (a) ∵ AD = CD
∴ DAC = DCA base s, isos. △
(b) Let OA = x cm. = 32
∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC. In △ABC,
∴ OB = OA = x cm ABC + ACB + BAC = 180  sum of △
OE = AE − OA
58 + ACB + 32 = 180
= (24 − x) cm
ACB = 90
In △OBE, ∴ AC is an altitude of △ABC.
OB 2 = BE 2 + OE 2 (Pyth. theorem)
x 2 = 182 + (24 − x) 2
x 2 = 324 + 576 − 48 x + x 2
48 x = 900
x = 18.75
∴ OA = 18.75 cm

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
(b) In △BCD, (b) In △CEH,
BCD = ACB − ACD CH 2 = CE 2 + EH 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 90 − 32
CH = 42 + 40 cm
2 2
= 58
= 58 cm
∵ BCD = CBD
∵ △ADH ~ △CEH (proved in (a))
∴ BD = CD sides opp. equal s
AH DH
∵ AD = CD ∴ = (corr. sides, ~△s)
CH EH
∴ AD = BD
AH 20 cm
∴ CD is a median of △ABC. =
58 cm 40 cm
4. BAD = BAC − DAC AH =
20
 58 cm
= 90 − DAC 40
= 29 cm
= 90 − ABD
1
In △ABD, ∴ Area of △ACH =  AH  CE
ADC = ABD + BAD 2
ext. ∠ of △
1
= ABD + (90 − ABD ) =  29  42 cm 2
2
= 90
= 609 cm 2
∴ AD is an altitude of △ABC.

5. ∵ G is the centroid of △ABC.

∴ AD and CE are two medians of △ABC.
∴ CD = BD = 6 cm and AE = BE = 5 cm
∴ BC = 6  2 cm = 12 cm
and AB = 5  2 cm = 10 cm
∵ Perimeter of △ABC = 36 cm
∴ AB + BC + AC = 36 cm
10 cm + 12 cm + AC = 36 cm
AC = 14 cm

6. (a) ∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC.

∴ CQ is an altitude of △ABC.
∴ ∠AQC = 90
In △BQC,
QBC + QCB = AQC (ext. ∠ of △)
(ABP + 42) + 28 = 90
ABP = 20

(b) ∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC.

∴ BP is an altitude of △ABC.
∴ ∠BPC = 90
In △ABP,
BAP + ABP = BPC (ext. ∠ of △)
BAP + 20 = 90
BAP = 70
i.e. BAC = 70

7. (a) In △ADH and △CEH,

∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC.
∴ ADH = CEH = 90
AHD = CHE vert. opp. s
∵ HAD = 180 − ADH − AHD  sum of △
HCE = 180 − CEH − CHE  sum of △
∴ HAD = HCE
∴ △ADH ~ △CEH AAA

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