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DBMS Ex9

The document discusses functions, procedures and packages in PL/SQL. It provides the syntax and an example of each - a shipping cost calculation function, a savings update procedure, and a package demonstrating declaration and definition parts. The aim is to execute these elements in SQL and the result shows successful execution.

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b29012005
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19 views7 pages

DBMS Ex9

The document discusses functions, procedures and packages in PL/SQL. It provides the syntax and an example of each - a shipping cost calculation function, a savings update procedure, and a package demonstrating declaration and definition parts. The aim is to execute these elements in SQL and the result shows successful execution.

Uploaded by

b29012005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

Ex No : 9 Procedures, Functions and packages in PL/SQL


Date :

Aim:
To execute the functions, procedures and Packages in SQL
Description
Functions:
A function is a named PL/SQL Block which is similar to a procedure. The major
difference
between a procedure and a function is, a function must always return a value, but a
procedure
may or may not return a value.
SYNTAX

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION function_name [parameters]


RETURN return_datatype;
IS
Declaration_section
BEGIN
Execution_section
Return return_variable;
EXCEPTION
exception section
Return return_variable;
END;
M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

Application :
To calculate the shipping cost based on the provided weight and distance values.

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_shipping_cost (


weight_in_kg IN NUMBER,
distance_in_km IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER
IS
base_rate_per_kg CONSTANT NUMBER := 5;
rate_per_km CONSTANT NUMBER := 2;

total_cost NUMBER;
BEGIN
total_cost := (weight_in_kg * base_rate_per_kg) + (distance_in_km *
rate_per_km);
RETURN total_cost;
END calculate_shipping_cost;
/
M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

RESULT :

Procedures :
 A procedure is a group of PL/SQL statements that you can call by name.
 A procedure is a module performing one or more actions , it does not
need to return any values.
Creating a Procedure:
Syntax
CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE procedure_name
[(parameter_name [IN | OUT | IN OUT] type [, ...])]
{IS | AS}
BEGIN
< procedure_body >
END
procedure_name;

APPLICATION ;

TO UPDATE SAVNIGS :

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_savings(


p_increase_amount IN NUMBER
)
IS
v_total_rows NUMBER;
BEGIN
UPDATE cost_ledger
SET savings = savings + p_increase_amount;
M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

v_total_rows := SQL%ROWCOUNT;

IF v_total_rows = 0 THEN
dbms_output.put_line('No records updated.');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line(v_total_rows || ' records updated.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END update_savings;
/
OUTPUT :
M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

PACKAGES:
Packages are schema objects that groups logically related PL/SQL types,
variables, and subprograms.
A package will have two mandatory parts −
 Package specification
 Package body or definition .
SYNTAX:
For creating package:
CREATE [OR REPLACE] PACKAGE <package_name>
IS
<sub_program and public element declaration>
.
.
END <package name>

For creating package body:


CREATE [OR REPLACE] PACKAGE BODY <package_name>
IS
<global_declaration part>
<Private element definition>
<sub_program and public element definition>
.
<Package Initialization>

END <package_name>
M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

APPLICATION :
M BARATH RAJ-22IT012

Result:
Thus the functions , procedures and packages are successfully executed in SQL.

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