ZENA™ Wireless Network Analyzer User's Guide: © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51606A

ZENA™ Wireless
Network Analyzer
User’s Guide
© 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51606A

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knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
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DS51606A-page ii © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc.

ZENA™ WIRELESS NETWORK
ANALYZER USER’S GUIDE
Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1. ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer Overview
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7
1.2 ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer Kit Contents ............................................. 7
1.3 ZENA Analyzer Overview ............................................................................... 7
Chapter 2. Getting Started
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Installing ZENA Software ............................................................................... 9
Chapter 3. ZigBee™ Protocol Tools
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Microchip Stack Configuration Tool .............................................................. 11
3.3 Basic Network Monitoring ............................................................................. 23
3.4 Advanced Network Monitoring and Analysis ................................................ 34
Index ............................................................................................................................. 47
Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 50
© 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51606A-page iii

ZENA™ Wireless Network Analyzer User’s Guide
NOTES:
DS51606A-page iv © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preface
NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and
documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs
and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site
(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.
Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each
page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is
“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the
document.
For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE on-line help.
Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the
“ZENA™ Wireless Network Analyzer User’s Guide”. Items discussed in this chapter
include:
• Document Layout
• Conventions Used in this Guide
• Recommended Reading
• The Microchip Web Site
• Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service
• Customer Support
• Document Revision History
DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer as a devel-
opment tool to monitor and analyze wireless network traffic. The manual
layout is as follows:
• Chapter 1. ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer Overview – This chapter intro-
duces the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer hardware and software, and briefly
describes their capabilities.
• Chapter 2. Getting Started – This chapter describes how to install the ZENA
software.
• Chapter 3. ZigBee™ Protocol Tools – This chapter describes how to use the
ZigBee protocol tools provided by ZENA software. Both basic and advance
monitoring techniques are shown.
© 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51606A-page 1

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE

This manual uses the following documentation conventions:
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description Represents Examples
Arial font:
Italic characters Referenced books MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide
Emphasized text ...is the only compiler...
Initial caps A window the Output window
A dialog the Settings dialog
A menu selection select Enable Programmer
Quotes A field name in a window or “Save project before build”
dialog
Underlined, italic text with A menu path File>Save
right angle bracket
Bold characters A dialog button Click OK
A tab Click the Power tab
N‘Rnnnn A number in verilog format, 4‘b0010, 2‘hF1
where N is the total number of
digits, R is the radix and n is a
digit.
Text in angle brackets < > A key on the keyboard Press <Enter>, <F1>
Courier New font:
Plain Courier New Sample source code #define START
Filenames autoexec.bat
File paths c:\mcc18\h
Keywords _asm, _endasm, static
Command-line options -Opa+, -Opa-
Bit values 0, 1
Constants 0xFF, ‘A’
Italic Courier New A variable argument file.o, where file can be
any valid filename
Square brackets [ ] Optional arguments mcc18 [options] file
[options]
Curly brackets and pipe Choice of mutually exclusive errorlevel {0|1}
character: { | } arguments; an OR selection
Ellipses... Replaces repeated text var_name [,
var_name...]
Represents code supplied by void main (void)
user { ...
}
DS51606A-page 2 © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preface
RECOMMENDED READING
This user’s guide describes how to use the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer. Other
useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip documents are available
and recommended as supplemental reference resources.
Readme for ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer
For the latest information on using the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer, read the
Readme_ZENA.txt file (an ASCII text file) in the ZENA software installation directory.
The Readme file contains update information and known issues that may not be
included in this user’s guide.
PICmicro® MCU Data Sheets and Family Reference Manuals
See the Microchip web site for complete and updated versions of device data sheets
and related device family reference manuals.
Microchip 8-Bit PIC® Microcontroller Solutions (DS39630)
This document provides an overview of the features and functionality of the 8-bit PIC
microcontroller product family. It highlights its powerful architecture, flexible memory
technologies and easy-to-use development tools.
Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol (AN965)
This application note describes how you can use the Microchip Stack for the ZigBee
protocol to quickly build your application. To illustrate the usage of the Stack, working
demo applications are included.
ZigBee™ Protocol Specification
See the ZigBee protocol web site for the complete and most recent revisions of the
ZigBee protocol (http://www.zigbee.org).
PICDEM™ Z Demonstration Kit User’s Guide (DS51524)
The PICDEM Z Demonstration Kit is designed to allow developers to evaluate and
experiment with Microchip solutions for the ZigBee protocol. The PICDEM Z
Demonstration Kit provides two ZigBee protocol nodes to create a simple, two-node
network.
IEEE 802.15.4™ Specification
See the IEEE web site for the complete and most recent revisions of the IEEE 802.15.4
specification (http://www.ieee.org).

THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE

Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This
web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to
customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains
the following information:
• Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample
programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,
latest software releases and archived software
• General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical
support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program
member listing
• Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip
press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives
DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE

Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip
products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes,
updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of
interest.
To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer
Change Notification and follow the registration instructions.
The Development Systems product group categories are:
• Compilers – The latest information on Microchip C compilers and other language
tools. These include the MPLAB® C18 and MPLAB C30 C compilers; MPASM™
and MPLAB ASM30 assemblers; MPLINK™ and MPLAB LINK30 object linkers;
and MPLIB™ and MPLAB LIB30 object librarians.
• Emulators – The latest information on Microchip in-circuit emulators. This
includes the MPLAB ICE 2000 and MPLAB ICE 4000.
• In-Circuit Debuggers – The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit
debugger, MPLAB ICD 2.
• MPLAB® IDE – The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows®
operating system Integrated Development Environment for development systems
tools. This list is focused on the MPLAB IDE, MPLAB SIM simulator, MPLAB IDE
project manager and general editing and debugging features.
• Programmers – The latest information on Microchip programmers. These
include the MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE® II device programmers and the
PICSTART® Plus and PICkit™ 1 development programmers.

Preface
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:
• Distributor or Representative
• Local Sales Office
• Field Application Engineer (FAE)
• Technical Support
• Development Systems Information Line
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer
(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of
sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.
Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com.
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (April 2006)
• Initial Release of this Document.

NOTES:

Chapter 1. ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer hardware and software,
and briefly describes their capabilities. The ZENA analyzer provides three main tools
to develop IEEE 802.15.4 solutions quickly and efficiently with the free Microchip Stack
for the ZigBee™ protocol. The ZENA analyzer enables developers to quickly modify
and adapt the Microchip Stack for the ZigBee protocol to suit application requirements.
The ZENA analyzer is also an IEEE 802.15.4 packet analyzer currently supporting the
2.4 GHz spectrum. The ZENA analyzer is capable of decoding ZigBee protocol v1.0
packets. The ZENA analyzer also provides ZigBee protocol network analysis support.
The ZENA analyzer draws the network topology of the ZigBee protocol network as it is
formed, allows users to watch packet transactions as they occur, record the packet
transactions and play these packets back at variables speeds. These tools, combined,
form a power tool in wireless development for the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol.
Note: The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer board does not have to be attached
to the computer to use the configuration tool or the playback functionality.
1.2 ZENA WIRELESS NETWORK ANALYZER KIT CONTENTS

The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer kit contains the following items:
• ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer
• USB mini-B cable
• ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer CD-ROM
1.3 ZENA ANALYZER OVERVIEW

The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer board, seen in Figure 1-1, combines the
PIC18LF2550 for full-speed, USB support with an IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver.

FIGURE 1-1: ZENA™ WIRELESS NETWORK ANALYZER BOARD
The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer uses a USB mini-B cable to connect to the PC.
The ZENA analyzer is powered by the USB bus. A PCB trace antenna receives the
packets on the specified channel and sends the information over USB to the PC
computer using the HID standard class.

Chapter 2. Getting Started
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes how to install the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer software.
2.2 INSTALLING ZENA SOFTWARE

Since the ZENA software can be used independently of the hardware, it is available
from multiple sources, including the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer CD-ROM and
the installation for source files of AN965, “Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol”.
The version shipped with AN965, “Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol” is a demo
version, which provides Stack configuration and packet playback capability, but does
not allow real-time network monitoring with the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer
hardware. The full version is shipped with the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer board.
If you are installing the software from the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer CD-ROM,
insert the CD-ROM into your computer’s CD-ROM drive. If the installation program
does not start automatically, browse to the CD ROM directory and execute the
ZENAvn.nn.exe program, where n.nn is the version number of the ZENA software.
Follow the on-screen directions to install the ZENA software.
If you have installed the source code for one of the Microchip supported IEEE 802.15.4
protocols, the demo version of ZENA software is installed automatically in the root
directory of the application source code. The demo version of ZENA software allows
access to the Stack configuration and message playback features, but it will not
communicate with the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer hardware.
The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer license agreement is presented. Read the
agreement, then click I Accept to continue.
The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer Readme file contains important information
about the most recent release of the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer, such as new
features and known issues. The Readme file will change with each release.
Once the ZENA software is installed, use the desktop icon or Start Menu item to launch
the ZENA software. The introductory screen appears as follows.
FIGURE 2-1: ZENA™ SOFTWARE MAIN WINDOW

NOTES:

Chapter 3. ZigBee™ Protocol Tools
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes how to use the ZigBee™ protocol tools provided by the ZENA
Wireless Network Analyzer. Both basic and advance monitoring techniques are
demonstrated.
3.2 MICROCHIP STACK CONFIGURATION TOOL

Microchip provides a freely available Stack as part of application note, AN965,
“Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol”. The application note and source code are
available for download from the Microchip web site (www.microchip.com). After you
have reviewed the application note and studied the demonstration projects, you will be
ready to start your own ZigBee protocol application.
The ZENA analyzer will greatly assist you with configuring the Microchip Stack by auto-
matically generating a portion of the source code for your ZigBee protocol application.
Be sure to refer to AN965, “Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol” for details about
each ZigBee protocol configuration option. Select ZigBee™ Tools>Stack Configuration
from the main ZENA™ Software Stack Configuration window. The ZENA™ Software
Stack Configuration – ZigBee™ Protocol window will be displayed. Using the tabbed
dialog, you can select all of the options required for your ZigBee protocol application.
ZENA software will automatically enable and disable certain options depending on the
selections you have made.

3.2.1 Specifying ZigBee Protocol Device Information

Select the ZigBee Device tab.
FIGURE 3-1: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

ZigBee™ DEVICE TAB
Using this window, you can configure the following items:
TABLE 3-1: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL DEVICE CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Configuration Option Description
MAC Address Each and every ZigBee protocol device must have its own, unique MAC address.
The Microchip OUI is provided as a default for development purposes only. Please
see AN965, “Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol” for additional information.
ZigBee Device Type ZigBee protocol defines three different types of devices. Select the device type of
your application.
IEEE Device Type Some ZigBee protocol devices have the option of selecting the IEEE device type.
Select the appropriate IEEE device type for your application.
ZDO/APS/NWK/MAC When you change the device type, the ZENA™ analyzer will automatically set many
Defaults for Device Type options to their default settings unless you have altered them. If you have altered
them and wish to restore them to their default values, click this button.
Transceiver Power Offers transceiver power selection. Selects how the transceiver is powered.
Power Source Offers power source selection. Selects your application’s power source.
Security This option is currently not supported by the Microchip Stack for ZigBee protocol.
Alternate PAN Coordinator This option is currently not supported by the Microchip Stack for ZigBee protocol.
Manufacturer Code (Hex) Each manufacturer of ZigBee protocol devices is assigned a manufacturer code by
the ZigBee Alliance. Enter the four-digit hex value.

ZigBee™ Protocol Tools
3.2.2 Specifying Transceiver Information

Select the Transceiver tab.

TRANSCEIVER TAB
Using this window, you can configure the following items:
TABLE 3-2: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Transceiver Select one of the transceivers supported by the Stack.
Frequency Band This combo box shows the various available frequency bands of the selected transceiver. If
the transceiver supports only one frequency band, that frequency will be displayed and the
combo box will be disabled.
Pin Assignments(1) This panel shows the required pins for the selected transceiver. The Stack allows you to
change these pin connections to application-specific port pins.
PICDEM™ Z Pins Click this button to restore the pin assignments to the connections used by the PICDEM Z
Demonstration Board.
Allowed Channels This area shows the channels that are supported by the selected frequency band. Selecting
channels here will generate a label that can be used to specify the allowed channels for
network formation and network discovery. Click Clear All to uncheck all channels, and click
Select All to check all channels. Each channel can also be checked or unchecked individually
by clicking on the checkbox that precedes the channel number.
Note 1: Ensure the pin exists on the target device. The application code is responsible for configuring the pin as a
digital input or output as appropriate.

3.2.3 Specifying Profile and Endpoint Information

Select the Profile/Endpoints tab.

PROFILE/ENDPOINTS TAB
Using this window, you can specify the profile and endpoint structure that your
application is using. See Table 3-3 for configuration options.
CAUTION
It is critical for ZigBee protocol interoperability that this section be accurate.

TABLE 3-3: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL PROFILE/ENDPOINTS CONFIGURATION SELECTION
Profile Header File Click the Browse button to browse to and select the header file for the application’s
profile. This file has profile information in a specific format which the ZENA™
analyzer uses to configure many items, including:
- Profile name
- The list of devices supported by the profile
- Allowable input and output clusters
- Range checking for various parameters on other tabs
Device(1) Select the profile device that describes the application.
(2)
Endpoints To define an endpoint:
Enter the endpoint’s numerical value (1-240) in the “Endpoint” edit box. In the
“Endpoint Name” edit box, enter a valid C language label for that endpoint.
Check all the input and output clusters that are supported by that endpoint
under “Input Clusters” and “Output Clusters”.
Click Save Endpoint to save the endpoint. The endpoint number will be added
to the “Endpoints” list box.
To define another endpoint:
Click on “(New)” in the “Endpoints” list box. All the endpoint information will be
cleared. Enter the new endpoint’s information and click Save Endpoint.
To view a previously defined endpoint:
Click on the endpoint number in the “Endpoints” list box.
To remove a specified endpoint:
Click on the endpoint number in the “Endpoints” list box and click Remove
Endpoint.
Note 1: The ZENA analyzer does not confirm that all mandatory clusters are supported for the selected device.
2: Be sure to click Save Endpoint when you are finished defining an endpoint. If the endpoint information
has been entered but not saved, the endpoint will not be included in the generated output files.

FIGURE 3-4: ENDPOINT SPECIFICATION

3.2.4 Specifying ZDO and APS Layer Information

Click on the ZDO/APS tab.

ZDO/APS TAB
This tab is used to configure the ZDO (ZigBee Device Object) and APS (Application
Sub-Support) stack layers. Many options on this tab are enabled or disabled based on
the “ZigBee Device Type” specified on the ZigBee Device tab.
Many of these options have a direct correlation to the amount of RAM or nonvolatile
memory required by the application. To view the associated cost in the status bar at the
bottom of the window, hold the mouse cursor over the appropriate edit box. This feature
only functions if the edit box is enabled. See Table 3-4 and Table 3-5 for ZDO and APS
option selections.
TABLE 3-4: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL ZDO CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Include Optional Service If checked, the application will support the optional ZDO service discovery requests.
Discovery Requests This feature is not yet supported by the Microchip Stack.
Include Optional Node If checked, the application will support the optional ZDO node management services.
Management Services This feature is not yet supported by the Microchip Stack
Support End Device Binding This function is available only on ZigBee protocol coordinators. If checked, enter the
“End Device Bind Timeout (seconds)” in seconds.

TABLE 3-5: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL APS CONFIGURATION SELECTION
Max Frames From APL Layer Each frame sent down from the Application layer must be buffered for retransmission
on failure and for reporting back transmission confirmation status. Enter the number
of frames that can be in the process of transmitting at the same time.
Max APS ACK Frames If messages are received from other nodes with APS-level Acknowledgement
Generated requested, the APS layer will automatically transmit the Acknowledge; but space is
still required in the confirmation queue. Enter the number of APS-level
Acknowledges your application is expected to be in the process of transmitting at the
same time.
Max APS Addresses ZigBee protocol allows the Application layer to specify a message destination using
a node’s 64-bit MAC address, rather than the 16-bit network address. If a 64-bit MAC
address is specified, the APS layer searches an application maintained table for the
corresponding 16-bit network address. Enter the size of that table in this field. If the
Application layer will use only 16-bit network addresses to send messages, or the
application is an IEEE Reduced Function Device, this value can be set to ‘0’.
Binding Support(1) If the device will support bindings, check this box and enter the “Binding Table Size”.
If a device supports bindings, it must be able to buffer all incoming indirect messages
for retransmission. Enter the number of indirect messages the application is
expected to handle concurrently in the “Max Buffered Indirect Messages” edit box.
Note 1: Binding support is required for ZigBee protocol coordinators.

3.2.5 Specifying NWK and MAC Layer Information

Click on the NWK/MAC tab.

NWK/MAC TAB
This tab is used to configure the NWK (Network) and MAC (Medium Access Controller)
Stack layers. Many options on this tab are enabled or disabled based on the “ZigBee
Device Type” specified on the ZigBee Device tab.
Many of these options have direct correlation to the amount of RAM or nonvolatile
memory required by the application. To view the associated cost in the status bar at the
bottom of the window, hold the mouse cursor over the appropriate edit box. This feature
only functions if the edit box is enabled. See Table 3-6 and Table 3-7 for NWK and MAC
option selections.

TABLE 3-6: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL NWK CONFIGURATION SELECTION
(1)
Neighbor Table Size All ZigBee protocol devices contain a neighbor table where they store information
about other nodes in the network.
Max Buffered Broadcast When a ZigBee protocol device initiates or receives a broadcast message, it must
Messages periodically retransmit that message until it hears all of its Full Function Device
neighbors retransmit the message or the message times out. Enter the number of
broadcast messages that the application is expected to process concurrently.
Route Discovery Table Size(1) If the device supports routing, it must have a route discovery table.
(1)
Routing Table Size If the device supports routing, it must have a routing table.
Reserved Routing Table If the device supports routing, it must reserve some of the routing table entries for
Entries(1) route repair.
Max Buffered Routing If the device supports routing, it must be able to buffer messages while awaiting
Messages route discovery. Enter the number of messages that can be concurrently buffered
awaiting route discovery.
Note 1: The minimum size of this item is specified in the selected profile. See Section 3.2.3 “Specifying Profile
and Endpoint Information”.
TABLE 3-7: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL MAC CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Channel Energy Threshold This option is available for ZigBee protocol coordinators only. Enter the maximum
amount of energy allowable for a channel to be selected for a new network.
Minimum Join LQI This option is only available for devices other than ZigBee protocol coordinators.
Enter the minimum link quality from a received beacon for that device to be selected
as a potential place to join the network.
Transaction Persistence This option is available for devices with children whose receivers are off when the
(seconds) device is Idle and must buffer messages for those children until the children request
them. Enter the amount of time in seconds that messages must be buffered before
they can be discarded.
Receive Buffer Size As bytes are received from the transceiver, they are buffered until an entire message
is received and the application is finished processing the previous message. Enter
the size of this buffer.
Beacon Order(1) This value is fixed for non-beacon networks.
Superframe Order(1) This value is fixed for non-beacon networks.
Superframe Structure(1) Only non-beacon networks are supported; therefore, the superframe structure is
non-slotted.
CSMA-CA Exponential Check this box to use the IEEE exponential backoff.
Backoff
Battery Life Extension This feature is only used in beacon networks.
Mode(1)
Note 1: The Microchip Stack for ZigBee protocol currently supports only non-beacon networks.

3.2.6 Specifying PICmicro MCU Information

Click on the PICmicro tab.

PICmicro® MCU TAB
This tab is used to configure basic PICmicro MCU options (see Table 3-8).
TABLE 3-8: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL STACK CONFIGURATION SELECTION

®
Target Device Select the PICmicro MCU device used by the target application. If the exact device
is not available, select a similar device and refer to AN965, “Microchip Stack for the
ZigBee™ Protocol” for information on modifying the linker script for the target device.
Clock Frequency (Hz)(1) Specify the input clock frequency to the PICmicro MCU in Hertz. It is important that
this value be accurate, as all internal ZigBee protocol timing will be based off of this
value.
UART Baud Rate If you are using the UART of the target device and you are using the interface code
provided in AN965, “Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol”, specify the UART
baud rate. If your application does not use the UART, this value is irrelevant.
Heap Size (banks) Specify the number of banks of heap space required by the application. Refer to
AN965, “Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol” for information on setting the
heap size.
Stack Size (banks) Specify the number of banks required for the C software Stack. Refer to AN965,
“Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol” for information on setting the Stack size.
Build Target Select whether you want the linker script generated for a debug environment using
MPLAB® ICD 2 or for a production build.
Note 1: The PICDEM™ Z Demonstration Board has a clock frequency of 16 MHz (16000000 Hz).

3.2.7 Generating the Configuration Files

When all of the options on all of the tabs are set appropriately, generate the Stack
configuration files by clicking Generate Files. The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer
will first perform a validity check to ensure that all required fields have appropriate
values and all profile-specific ranges are met. If no endpoints are specified, the ZENA
analyzer will generate a warning, but will still generate the output files.
Note: Many options, including endpoint specification, affect multiple output files.
Therefore, it is recommended not to mix and match files from different
ZENA analyzer sessions.
If the validity check passes, ZENA analyzer will prompt for an output directory for the
configuration files. These files are:
• zigbee.def – Provides basic definitions for Stack configuration.
• myZigBee.c – Provides all ROM initialization for the Stack, including
ZigBee protocol device descriptors.
• zLink.lkr – Project linker script.
Each of these files has a time and date stamp included in the file. Refer to AN965,
“Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol” for more information about these files.

3.3 BASIC NETWORK MONITORING

The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer hardware and software provide a powerful
network monitoring tool for use from development through installation.
Connect the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer hardware to the PC using the supplied
USB mini-B cable. From the ZENA Software Main window, select
ZigBee™ Tools>Network Monitor. The following window will open:
FIGURE 3-8: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL NETWORK MONITOR WINDOW
A blank Packet Sniffer window for displaying network messages will also open. If this
window is closed, it can be reopened, either by clicking on the Network Messages
button, or by selecting the View>Network Messages menu option.
The ZigBee™ Network Monitor window can be used to start and stop real-time network
analysis, save and load data, and configure the display of the messages.
3.3.1 Real-Time Network Monitoring

Before initiating real-time monitoring, set the following options on the ZigBee™
Network Monitor window:
TABLE 3-9: REAL-TIME NETWORK MONITORING CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Real-Time Display Check this box to display on-air messages that are received by the Network Analyzer hardware.
Channel Select the desired channel to monitor. Note that if your application specifies more than one
allowable channel to form or join a network, you may have to try multiple channels to find the
network. This selection can be changed only while real-time monitoring is stopped.
Clear Messages If you want all previously displayed messages to be erased when you start monitoring, check
on Start this box. If you want the messages to be retained, uncheck this box.
Ignore Invalid Packets If you want packets with invalid checksums to be ignored, check this box. If you want all
network traffic and noise to be displayed, uncheck this box.
Auto Scroll(1) If you want the Packet Sniffer window to automatically scroll, such that the newest message
always appears on the bottom of the Packet Sniffer window, check this box.
Note 1: If “Auto Scroll” is checked, system response may slow. “Auto Scroll” can be disabled while real-time
monitoring is in progress.
Click the Play button or select the Operation>Start Sniffing/Playback menu option to
begin real-time monitoring. The received messages are then displayed on the Packet
Sniffer window. Figure 3-9 shows a typical sequence of a new node joining a ZigBee
protocol network.

ASSOCIATION REQUEST AND RESPONSE
FIGURE 3-9:

The various portions of the message are color coded for clarity.
TABLE 3-10: PACKET SNIFFER COLOR CODING

Field Color
MAC Header White
MAC Commands and Beacons Red
NWK Header Lime
NWK Commands Fuchsia
APS Header Yellow
APS Payload/Decoding Aqua
Unknown Olive
Figure 3-10 shows a message being routed from the originator to the final destination
and an APS-level Acknowledge being routed back. Note that by using the ZENA
analyzer, we can see that the first message is being routed along the network tree,
while the Acknowledge is being routing more directly.

APPLICATION MESSAGE WITH APS-LEVEL ACKNOWLEDGE
FIGURE 3-10:

Each message can contain a great deal of information, making it difficult to view on the
screen. The Packet Sniffer window can be scrolled, but the ZENA analyzer also offers
three different levels of viewing the MAC, NWK and APS-level information. Each layer
can be configured separately on the Network Monitor window by adjusting the
“Verboseness Level”; there are three levels offered (see Table 3-11).
TABLE 3-11: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL VERBOSENESS LEVEL CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Verbose Headers for each field are provided with a description of the corresponding value
below the header. Figure 3-10 shows all layers at the “Verbose” setting.
Numeric Headers for each field are provided with the numeric value of that field below the
header. Refer to Figure 3-11.
Condensed No field headers are provided. All bytes of the field are represented numerically with
the Least Significant Byte first. Refer to Figure 3-12.

APPLICATION MESSAGE WITH NUMERIC DISPLAY
FIGURE 3-11:

APPLICATION MESSAGE WITH CONDENSED DISPLAY

FIGURE 3-12:

The data can be viewed and analyzed to some degree while real-time monitoring is in
progress. For more advanced analysis, real-time monitoring must be halted by clicking
the Stop button or selecting the Operation>Stop Sniffing/Playback menu option.
To save the data for analysis at a later time, click the Save button or select the
File>Save menu option.
3.3.1.1 TIME-STAMPS
The displayed time-stamp is the time from the end of the previous message until the
end of the current message. The time-stamp is displayed in micro seconds, and can
represent up to 71 minutes before rolling over.
3.3.2 Analyzing Previously Captured Data

When real-time network monitoring is stopped, the ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer
can be used to perform further analysis of the captured data. If real-time monitoring is
in progress, halt it by clicking the Stop button or by selecting the
Operation>Start Sniffing/Playback menu option. To analyze previously captured data,
click Open or select File>Open and select the desired data file.
Uncheck the “Real Time Display” checkbox to enable the analysis capabilities.
3.3.2.1 PACKET PLAYBACK

Captured data can be played back as if it were being received in real time. Playback
can begin at any point in the data. To select the first packet to play back, click on the
desired packet in the Packet Sniffer window. The selected packet will then be outlined
in red.
Note: If playback is currently in progress (the Start button is disabled and the
Stop button is enabled), a packet cannot be selected with a mouse click.
Select the desired playback speed using the “Speed” combo box. Available options
are:
TABLE 3-12: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL PACKET PLAYBACK SELECTION

Packet Option Description
x0.01 Packets are played back approximately 100 times faster than they were received.
x0.1 Packets are played back approximately 10 times faster than they were received.
x1 Packets are played back at approximately the same rate as they were received.
x10 Packets are played back approximately 10 times slower than they were received.
x100 Packets are played back approximately 100 times slower than they were received.
2 sec Packets are played back at 2-second intervals between packets.
Instant Packets are played back as quickly as possible.
Manual Packet playback is controlled by the up and down arrow keys.
Packet playback is especially useful when using the filter option and performing more
advanced network analysis.

3.3.2.2 USING THE PACKET FILTER
Click the Filter button or select the Tools>Filter menu option to enlarge the Network
Monitor window and display the filter options.
FIGURE 3-13: NETWORK MONITOR WINDOW WITH FILTER
The filter is useful for displaying only selected packets in the Packet Sniffer window. For
example, suppose we wish to see all beacons generated by our network. Set up the
filter as follows:
1. Clear all “MAC Commands” checkboxes except “MAC Beacon”.
2. Clear all “NWK Commands” checkboxes.
3. Check all “Source Address” and “Destination Address” entries.
4. Select the “AND” option.
5. Click Apply Filter.
The Packet Sniffer window will then display all beacon packets and hide all others.
Refer to Figure 3-14.

FILTERED BEACONS
FIGURE 3-14:

Note: If the “Source Address” and “Destination Address” areas are empty and are
needed for your desired filter, replay the network formation portion of the
data. If you will be working with a network that maintains the same struc-
ture, you may want to save a captured data file that contains the network
formation for populating these fields.
To redisplay all messages, click Clear Filter.

To close the filter and return the Network Monitor window to its original size, click Close
Filter.
3.3.2.3 HIDING AND UNHIDING PACKETS

Packets in the Packet Sniffer window can be hidden in two ways:
• Using the filter function as described above
• Right clicking on a packet and selecting Hide from the pop-up menu
Note: Multiple packets can be selected for hiding by holding down the control key
while clicking each desired packet. A range of packets can be selected by
clicking on the first packet of the range, then holding down the shift key
while clicking on the last packet of the range. Each selected packet will be
outlined in red. When all desired packets have been selected, right click
and select Hide to hide all selected packets.
The hidden packets can be redisplayed by right clicking on the appropriate X Hidden
Packet(s) box in the Packet Sniffer window and clicking UnHide.

3.4 ADVANCED NETWORK MONITORING AND ANALYSIS

3.4.1 Network Configuration Display Window
The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer provides an extra level of network monitoring
and analysis with the Network Configuration Display (NCD) window. Open the Network
Configuration Display window by clicking the Network Configuration Display button
or by selecting the View>Network Configuration Display menu option on the Network
Monitor window.
FIGURE 3-15: NETWORK CONFIGURATION DISPLAY WINDOW
The NCD window can be used during both real-time network monitoring and packet
playback. If the “Clear NCD on Start” checkbox on the Network Monitor window is
checked, then the NCD window will be cleared when real-time monitoring is started. If
you want the nodes to be retained, uncheck this box.
Note: Due to heavy system loading during real-time monitoring, the NCD window
may not update properly during real-time monitoring, particularly if there is
a lot of network traffic and if “Auto Scroll” is enabled. For best results,
disable “Auto Scroll” if network traffic is heavy. The NCD window will update
properly during packet playback.

When the ZENA analyzer receives a message from a device, it creates a node on the
NCD window. The label for the node will be its 64-bit MAC address. To see the node’s
PAN ID and 16-bit network address, hold the mouse cursor over the node. If the ZENA
analyzer monitors network creation, it can also color code the nodes according to
device type.
TABLE 3-13: Node Colors

Node Type Color
ZigBee™ Protocol Coordinator Aqua
ZigBee Protocol Router Fuchsia
FFD End Device Lime
RDF End Device Yellow
Unknown White
When a message travels from one device to another, the NCD window will display a
line from the source node to the destination node. If a device transmits a broadcast
message, the NCD window will display a circle around the source node.
Note: Some messages, such as MAC Acknowledges, do not contain any address
information. These messages are shown originating from the Unknown
node.
Nodes can be hidden by right clicking on the node and selecting Hide. A new node,
named “Hidden”, will be created and all lines that would normally be drawn to the
hidden nodes will be drawn to that node. To unhide all hidden nodes, right click on the
“Hidden” node and select Unhide All.
When a device joins the network, the parent-child relationship of that device is shown
by a silver line between the two devices. See Table 3-14 for NCD window controls.
TABLE 3-14: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL NCD CONFIGURATION SELECTION

Control Option Description
Show Last Messages This combo box allows you to select how many message lines are displayed. When
a new message line is drawn, the oldest line is removed. Several predefined options
are available, or you may enter your own value. The silver network association lines
are not affected by this setting.
Clear All Lines Click this button to clear all message and network association lines. The nodes
themselves are unaffected.
Clear All Message Lines Click this button to clear all message lines. The network association lines and the
nodes themselves are unaffected.
Clear NCD Click this button to clear all message lines, all network association lines and all
nodes.
Select Bitmap Click this button to load a background image. This is described in more detail in
Section 3.4.4 “Customizing the Network Configuration Display Window”.
Clear Background Click this button to remove the background image.

3.4.2 Viewing Network Formation

The following sequence of figures shows how network formation appears on the NCD
window.
First, the ZigBee protocol coordinator sends a beacon request.
FIGURE 3-16: NCD BEACON REQUEST
Since there are no nodes on this channel, no beacons are received, and the ZigBee
protocol coordinator forms a network.
Next, a ZigBee protocol router tries to find a network to join. It also emits a beacon
request, which looks just like Figure 3-16, since the beacon request contains no source
address information. Now, the ZigBee protocol coordinator responds with a beacon.

FIGURE 3-17: NCD BEACON
Note that the ZENA analyzer can tell from the beacon that this device is a ZigBee
protocol coordinator, but it does not yet know its MAC address.
The ZigBee protocol router will now try to join the network by sending an Association
Request. The ZENA analyzer can tell from the Association Request what type of device
is trying to join the network.
FIGURE 3-18: NCD ASSOCIATION REQUEST

After a short time, the ZigBee protocol router will send a Data Request, asking for the
Association Response. The ZigBee protocol coordinator will respond by sending the
Association Response.
FIGURE 3-19: NCD ASSOCIATION RESPONSE
Now the device has joined the network. This relationship can be seen by clicking Clear
All Message Lines to display only the network association lines.
FIGURE 3-20: TWO-DEVICE NETWORK

Figure 3-21 shows the NCD window after the creation of a four-device network.
FIGURE 3-21: FOUR-DEVICE NETWORK
Note: If you will be working with a network that maintains the same structure, you
may want to save a captured data file that contains the network formation.
You can play back this file to establish the devices on the network, and then
play back the various data files containing the network traffic you wish to
monitor.

3.4.3 Viewing Network Traffic

After the network above was created, one of the devices attempted to send a message
to another device. The path that the message followed is shown in Figure 3-22.
FIGURE 3-22: NCD MESSAGE PATH
The NCD window shows how the message went from device 00.04.A3.00.00.00.00.88
to device 00.04.A3.00.00.00.00.01, traveling through two other nodes.
This particular message requested an APS Acknowledge. Figure 3-23 shows the path
of the APS Acknowledge. The ZENA analyzer illustrates that the APS Acknowledge
followed a different route than the original message.
FIGURE 3-23: NCD APS ACKNOWLEDGE PATH

3.4.4 Customizing the Network Configuration Display Window

When analyzing network traffic, it is often helpful to understand the physical relation-
ship between the devices. The ZENA analyzer allows you to select a bitmap as the
background of the NCD window. The nodes can then be dragged so they match their
physical location.
For example, Microsoft® Visio® drawing and diagramming software can be used to
generate a simple floor plan. The floor plan can then be exported as a bitmap.
FIGURE 3-24: FLOOR PLAN BITMAP
Load this floor plan as the NCD background by clicking the Select Bitmap button. The
NCD window can be resized after loading the background to match the proportions of
the bitmap.

FIGURE 3-25: NCD WINDOW WITH FLOOR PLAN BACKGROUND
When network formation is played back and displayed on the NCD window, the nodes
can be moved to the location on the bitmap that represents their physical location.

FIGURE 3-26: FOUR-NODE NETWORK WITH FLOOR PLAN BACKGROUND
Repeating the above example, Figure 3-27 and Figure 3-28 show the application
message and APS Acknowledge as they are routed through the network.

FIGURE 3-27: MESSAGE PATH WITH FLOOR PLAN BACKGROUND

FIGURE 3-28: APS ACKNOWLEDGE PATH WITH FLOOR PLAN
BACKGROUND

3.4.5 Analyzing Network Traffic

The ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer can provide a great deal of information about
device and network operation. The Packet Sniffer window can be used to ensure that
messages are appearing on the air as expected, and that the messages have the
correct format. The NCD window can be used to ensure the network is formed in the
correct manner.
The ZENA analyzer can show how messages propagate through the network. In the
examples above, we see by using the NCD window that the application message is
routed along the network tree, while the Acknowledge is routed more directly. Using the
Packet Sniffer window, we can determine if the message was sent with routing
suppressed, or if routing was requested but a node in the path did not have routing
capacity.
The ZENA analyzer can also provide insight as to physical barriers that are affecting
the system. In the previous example, we can see that physical barriers are probably
preventing two nodes from talking directly.
With a larger scale network, the ZENA analyzer can also help determine if device layout
needs to be optimized for the system’s required network traffic. If the ZENA analyzer
indicates that a great deal of traffic is being routed through a single device, that device
may be getting overloaded. An alternate arrangement of devices might generate more
balanced network traffic.
3.4.6 Exporting Data

In some cases, it may be necessary to export the raw message data to another tool for
further analysis. To export raw data, select the desired packets in the Packet Display
window, right click on the packets and select Copy To Clipboard. The raw packet data
will be exported to the clipboard in ASCII format, each packet on a new line, with a
space after each byte. Approximately 21000 bytes of packet information can be
exported at one time.

Index
A K
Advanced Network Monitoring ................................. 34 Kit Contents................................................................ 7
Analyzing Traffic ............................................... 46 USB mini-B Cable ............................................... 7
Configuration Display Window .......................... 34 ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer ...................... 7
Customizing Configuration ZENA Wireless Network
Display Window .................................. 41 Analyzer CD-ROM ................................ 7
Viewing Formation ............................................ 36
M
Viewing Traffic .................................................. 40
APS Configuration Selection MAC Configuration Selection
Binding Support ................................................ 18 Battery Life Extension Mode ............................. 20
Max APS ACK Frames Generated ................... 18 Beacon Order.................................................... 20
Max APS Addresses ......................................... 18 Channel Energy Threshold ............................... 20
Max Frames From APL Layer........................... 18 CSMA-CA Exponential Backoff......................... 20
Minimum Join LQI ............................................. 20
C Receive Buffer Size .......................................... 20
Configuration File Generation .................................. 22 Superframe Order ............................................. 20
Customer Change Superframe Structure........................................ 20
Notification Service................................................. 4 Transaction Persistence (seconds)................... 20
Customer Support ...................................................... 5 Microchip Internet Web Site ....................................... 4
MPLAB® IDE .............................................................. 1
D
Device Configuration Selection N
Alternate PAN Coordinator ............................... 12 NCD APS Acknowledge Path .................................. 40
IEEE Device Type............................................. 12 NCD Association Request........................................ 37
MAC Address.................................................... 12 NCD Association Response..................................... 38
Manufacturer Code (Hex) ................................. 12 NCD Beacon ............................................................ 37
Power Source ................................................... 12 NCD Beacon Request.............................................. 36
Security ............................................................. 12 NCD Configuration Selection
Transceiver Power ............................................ 12 Clear All Lines................................................... 35
ZDO/APS/NWK/MAC........................................ 12 Clear All Message Lines ................................... 35
ZigBee Device Type ......................................... 12 Clear Background ............................................. 35
Documentation Clear NCD......................................................... 35
Conventions ........................................................ 2 Select Bitmap.................................................... 35
Layout ................................................................. 1 Show Last Messages........................................ 35
Revision History .................................................. 5 NCD Message Path ................................................. 40
Network Monitoring .................................................. 23
F
Node Colors ............................................................. 35
Four-Device Network ............................................... 39 NWK and MAC Layer
I Specifying ......................................................... 19
NWK Configuration Selection
Installation
Max Buffered Broadcast Messages .................. 20
License Agreement ............................................. 9
Max Buffered Routing Messages...................... 20
Readme file......................................................... 9
Neighbor Table Size ......................................... 20
ZENA Software ................................................... 9
Reserved Routing Table Entries ....................... 20
Internet Address......................................................... 4
Route Discovery Table Size.............................. 20
Routing Table Size............................................ 20

P S
Packet Stack Configuration Selection
Exporting Data .................................................. 46 Build Target....................................................... 21
Filter Use........................................................... 31 Clock Frequency (Hz) ....................................... 21
Hiding and Unhiding.......................................... 33 Heap Size (banks)............................................. 21
Playback ........................................................... 30 Stack Size (banks) ............................................ 21
Playback Selection Target Device.................................................... 21
2 sec .......................................................... 30 UART Baud Rate .............................................. 21
Instant ........................................................ 30 Stack Configuration Tool .......................................... 11
Manual ....................................................... 30
T
x0.01 .......................................................... 30
x0.1 ............................................................ 30 Time-Stamps ............................................................ 30
x1 ............................................................... 30 Transceiver
x10 ............................................................. 30 Specifying.......................................................... 13
x100 ........................................................... 30 Transceiver Configuration Selection
Packet Sniffer Color Coding Allowed Channels ............................................. 13
APS Header ...................................................... 25 Frequency Band................................................ 13
APS Payload/Decoding..................................... 25 PICDEM Z Pins ................................................. 13
MAC Commands and Beacons......................... 25 Pin Assignments ............................................... 13
MAC Header ..................................................... 25 Transceiver ....................................................... 13
NWK Commands .............................................. 25 Two-Device Network ................................................ 38
NWK Header ..................................................... 25 U
Unknown ........................................................... 25
USB mini-B Cable .................................................... 23
PICmicro MCU
Specifying ......................................................... 21 V
Previously Captured Data Verboseness Level Configuration Selection
Analyzing .......................................................... 30 Condensed........................................................ 27
Profile and Endpoint Numeric............................................................. 27
Specifying ......................................................... 14 Verbose............................................................. 27
Profile/Endpoints Configuration Selection
Device ............................................................... 15 W
Endpoints .......................................................... 15 WWW Address ........................................................... 4
Profile Header File ............................................ 15
Z
R ZDO and APS Layer
Real-Time Network Monitoring................................. 23 Specifying.......................................................... 17
Real-Time Network Monitoring ZDO Configuration Selection
Configuration Selection Include Optional Node
Auto-Scroll ........................................................ 23 Management Services ........................ 17
Channel............................................................. 23 Include Optional Service
Clear Messages on Start .................................. 23 Discovery Requests............................ 17
Ignore Invalid Packets....................................... 23 Support End Device Binding ............................. 17
Real-Time Display............................................. 23 ZENA Analyzer
Recommended Reading............................................. 3 Overview ............................................................. 7
AN965 ................................................................. 3 ZigBee Protocol Device
IEEE 802.15.4 Specification ............................... 3 Specifying.......................................................... 12
Microchip 8-Bit MCU Solutions ........................... 3
Microchip Stack for the ZigBee™ Protocol ......... 3
PICDEM Z Demonstration Kit User’s Guide........ 3
PICmicro MCU Data Sheets,
Family Reference Manuals ................... 3
Readme for ZENA Wireless
Network Analyzer ................................. 3
ZigBee™ Protocol Specification.......................... 3

Index
NOTES:

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CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE

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DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

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Chapter 1. ZENA Wireless Network Analyzer Overview

1.2 ZENA WIRELESS NETWORK ANALYZER KIT CONTENTS

1.3 ZENA ANALYZER OVERVIEW

© 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51606A-page 7

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2.2 INSTALLING ZENA SOFTWARE

FIGURE 2-1: ZENA™ SOFTWARE MAIN WINDOW

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3.2 MICROCHIP STACK CONFIGURATION TOOL

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3.2.1 Specifying ZigBee Protocol Device Information

FIGURE 3-1: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

Using this window, you can configure the following items:

TABLE 3-1: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL DEVICE CONFIGURATION SELECTION

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3.2.2 Specifying Transceiver Information

FIGURE 3-2: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

Using this window, you can configure the following items:

TABLE 3-2: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL TRANSCEIVER CONFIGURATION SELECTION

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3.2.3 Specifying Profile and Endpoint Information

FIGURE 3-3: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

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3.2.4 Specifying ZDO and APS Layer Information

FIGURE 3-5: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

TABLE 3-4: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL ZDO CONFIGURATION SELECTION

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3.2.5 Specifying NWK and MAC Layer Information

FIGURE 3-6: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

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TABLE 3-7: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL MAC CONFIGURATION SELECTION

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3.2.6 Specifying PICmicro MCU Information

FIGURE 3-7: ZENA™ SOFTWARE STACK CONFIGURATION WINDOW,

TABLE 3-8: ZigBee™ PROTOCOL STACK CONFIGURATION SELECTION

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