CHAPTER-1

REAL NUMBERS
02 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. If the HCF of 210 and 55 is expressible in the form 210 X 5 + 55y, then what is the value of 2
y? What is the HCF(210,55)?
2. Given that 80 = 24 X 5 and 30 = 2 X 3 X 5. Complete the Venn diagram, then use your 2
answer find the HCF and LCM of 80 and 30

3. To prove that √5 is irrational by contradiction, it is assumed that √5 is rational, such that √5 2

= r/s, where r and s are non-zero integers. Write the right sequence of steps for the proof to
conclude that √5 is irrational?
i) Taking r = 5q, for some integer q, we get s2 = 5q2 , so that r and s have atleast one
common factor.
ii) Assuming that r and s are co-primes.
iii) r2 is divisible by 5 and thus, r is also divisible by 5
iv) Squaring both sides we get 5s2 = r2

4. 2
Soni has a real number which is 441
22 X 57 X 72
Her friend Pooja claims that this has a terminating decimal expansion. But another friend
of her, Harish claims that it has a non-terminating decimal expansion.
Who is correct, Pooja or Harish? Justify your answer.
5. Prachi has 2405 red candies and Purva has 1820 green candies. They want to arrange the 2
candies to make a square such that each row contains equal number of candies and also
each row should have only red candies or green candies. How many candies does each side
of the square have?
6. A sweet seller has 420 Bundi Laddoo and 130 badam barfis. He wants to 2
stack them is such a way that each stack has the same number, and they MARKS
take up the least area of the tray.

The prime factors of 420 are:

(a) 22 × 32 × 5 × 7
(b) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
(c) 2 × 3 × 52 × 7
 (d) 22 × 3 × 5 × 7
7. A sweet seller has 420 Bundi Laddoo and 130 badam barfis. He wants to 2
stack them is such a way that each stack has the same number, and they MARKS
take up the least area of the tray.

The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorization of 420

is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 4

8. A sweet seller has 420 Bundi Laddoo and 130 badam barfis. He wants to 2
stack them is such a way that each stack has the same number, and they MARKS
take up the least area of the tray.

The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorization of 130

is:
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4
9. Rohit Singh is a worker in a petrol pump. He along with the other co- 2
workers, use to transfer petrol from tanker to storage. On Monday, there MARKS
were two tankers containing 850 litres and 680 litres of petrol respectively.

What is the maximum capacity of a container which can measure the

petrol of either tanker in exact number of time?
 (a) 150 litres (b) 160 litres
(c) 170 litres (d) 180 litres
10. Rohit Singh is a worker in a petrol pump. He along with the other co- 2
workers, use to transfer petrol from tanker to storage. On Monday, there MARKS
were two tankers containing 850 litres and 680 litres of petrol respectively.

If the product of two positive integers is equal to the product of their

HCF and LCM is true then, the LCM (850, 680) is
(a) 3100 (b) 3200 (c) 3300 (d) 3400
11. If P= 2(4)(6)….(20) and Q = 1(3)(5)….(19), what is the HCF of P and Q? 2

12. A, B and C starts cycling around a circular path in the same direction at the same time. 2
Circumference of the path is 1980 m. If speed of A is 330 m/min, speed of B is 198 m/min
and that of C is 220 m/min and they start from the same point, then after what time will
they be together at the starting point?
13. The length, breadth and height of a room are 825 cm, 675 cm and 450 cm respectively. Find the 2
longest tape which can measure the three dimensions of the room exactly.
14. In a morning walk, three persons step off together. Their steps measure 80 cm, 85 cm and 90 2
cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that all can cover the same
distance in complete steps?
15. There are 576 boys and 448 girls in a school that are to be divided into equal sections of 2
either boys or girls alone. Find the total number of sections thus formed.
16. What is the greatest number of four digits which is divisible by 15, 25, 40 and 2
75 is?
17. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905, leaving 2
the same remainder in each case. Then what is the sum of the digits in N ?
4
18. A merchant has 120 liters and 180 liters of two kinds of oil. He wants to sell 2
the oil by filling the two kinds in tins of equal volumes. Find the greatest
volume of such a tin.
19. Find the least number of soldiers in a regiment such that they stand in rows 2
of 15, 20, 25 and form a perfect square.
20. Given that (1-x)(1+x+x2+x3+x4) = 31/32 and x is a rational number. Then find 2
the value of (1+x+x2+x3+x4)
21. Multiplication of any two rational and irrational numbers is always an 2
irrational number.
What can be the possible arguments in favour and against this statement?
22. A boy with collection of marbles realizes that if he makes a group of 5 or 6 2
marbles there are always two marbles left. Can you explain why the boy
cannot have prime number of marbles?

23. Rita is hosting a party and is preparing lunch plates. She has 12 slices of 2
pizza, 18 pieces of chicken popcorn and 6 wraps. If she wants to make all
the plates identical without any food left over, what is the greatest number
of plates Rita can prepare?

24. If A, B and C are three rational numbers such that 28C - 340A = 40, 312A + 2
28B = 44, then the sum of A, B and C is divisible by which prime number?

25. The HCF of two given number is 116 and their LCM is 1740. If one number is 2
580. Find the other one.
26. Find the largest number which divides 245 and 1037, leaving reminder 5 in 2
each case.
27. Find the largest number which divides 129 and 545, leaving remainders 3 and 2
5 respectively.
28. Find the largest number that will divide 398, 436 and 542, leaving remainders 2
7, 11 and 15.
29. Two tank contains 504 and 735 liters of milk respectively. Find the maximum 2
capacity of a container which can measure the milk of either tank an exact
number of times.
30. Coloured pencils are available in market in packs of 12 each and crayons in pack of 32 2
each. A girl wants full pack of both and the same number of pencils and crayons, how
many of each would she need to buy ?
31. The set of Mathematics, Physics and Physical Education books have to be stacked in such a 2
way that all the books are stored topic wise. The number of Mathematics, Physics and
 Physical Education books are 14, 18 and 22. Determine the number of stacks of each books
provided books are of the same thickness.
32. Given that √2 is irrational, prove that (5 + 3 √2 ) is an irrational number. 2
33. Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657). 2
34. Explain why (17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5) is a composite number? 2
35. 2
Explain why 7×11×13+13 a composite number.

36. If HCF of a and b is 12 and product of these numbers is 1800.What is the LCM of these 2
numbers?

37. 2
Check whether 6𝑛 can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.

38. During a sale, color pencils were being sold in packs of 24 each and crayons in packs of 32 2
each. If you want full packs of both and the same number of pencils and crayons, how
many of each would you need to buy?
39. 2
Complete the following factor tree and find the composite number x.

40. Can two numbers have 26 as their HCF and 212 as their LCM ? Give reason . 2
41. Find the least number that is divisible by all the numbers between 1 and 10 (both inclusive ) 2
42. The prime factorization of a prime number is the number itself . Hoe many factors and 2
prime factors does the square of a prime number have ?
43. If the HCF of 408 and 1032 is expressible in the form 1032 m – 408 x 5 , find m . 2
44. If a and b are two positive integers such that a = 14 b . Find the HCF of a and b . 2
45. A dining hall has a length of 8.25 m, breadth of 6.75 m, & height of 4.50 m. What is the
length of the longest unmarked ruler that can exactly measure the three dimensions of the 2
hall? Show your steps and give valid reasons.
46. Express the GCD of 48 & 18 as linear combinations. 2
47. Grow More Plantations have two rectangular fields of the same width but different lengths.
They are required to plant 84 trees in a smaller field and 231 trees in the larger field. In
both fields, the trees will be planted in the same number of rows but in different number of
columns.
2
i) What is the most number of rows that can be planted in this arrangement? Show
your work.
ii) If the trees are planted in the number of rows obtained in part (i), how many
columns will each field have ?
48. ‘x’ & ‘y’ are positive integers. HCF of x and 630 is 210. HCF of y and 110 is 55.
2
Find the HCF of x, 630, y & 110 using Euclid’s division algorithm. Show your steps.
49. Find the largest possible positive integer that will divide 398, 436 & 542 leaving remainder
2
7, 11, 15 respectively.
50. In a school, there are two Sections A and B of class X. There are 48 students in Section A 2
and 60 students in Section B. Determine the least number of books required for the library
 of the school so that the books can be distributed equally among all students of each
Section.
51. If two positive integers x and y are expressible in terms of primes as x = p2q3 and y = p3q, 2
what can you say about their LCM and HCF. Is LCM a multiple of HCF
52. Three numbers are in ratio 2:5:7. Their LCM is 490 Find the squareroot of the 2
largest number.
53. A positive integer n when divided by 9, gives 7 as remainder. Find the remainder when (3n 2
– 1) is divided by 9.
54. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes respectively. If they start tolling together, 2
after what time will they next toll together?
55. HCF and LCM of two numbers is 9 and 459 respectively. If one of the 2
numbers is 27, find the other number.
56. Two tankers contain 850 litres and 680 litres of petrol respectively. Find the maximum 2
capacity of a container which can measure the petrol of either tanker in exact number of
times.

57. An army contingent of 1000 members is to march behind an army band of 56 members in 2
a parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is the
maximum number of columns in which they can march?

58. Prove that √5 is an irrational number and hence show that 3+√5 is also 2
irrational number.
59. Explain why (17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5) is a composite number? 2
 ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. y = -19 and HCF = 5 2
2. HCF(30,80) = 2 x5 2
= 10
LCF(30,80) = 24 x 3 x 5
= 240

3. The correct sequence is (ii), (iv), (iii) ,(i) 2

4. Pooja is correct as it has terminating decimal expansion. Because 441 is divisible by 2
72. Thus the denominator contains 22 X 57 only . If the prime factorization of a rational
number contains 2 , 5 or both 2 and 5 as their prime factors, then it has a terminating
decimal expansion
5. Each side of the square has 65 candies as HCF of 2405 and 1820 is 65 2
6.
7.

8.

9. The maximum capacity of the container is the HCF of 850 and 680.
Factors of 850 = 2 х 5 х 5 х 17 = 2 х 5² х 17
Factors of 680 = 2 х 2 х 2 х 5 х 17 = 2³ х 5 х 17
HCF of 850 and 680 = 2 х 5 х 17 = 170
Hence, the correct option is (C).
10. Factors of 850 = 2 х 5 х 5 х 17 = 2 х 5² х 17
Factors of 680 = 2 х 2 х 2 х 5 х 17 = 2³ х 5 х 17
HCF of 850 and 680 = 2 х 5 х 17 = 170
LCM (850, 680) = (850 х 680) / HCF = (850 х 680) / 170 = 3400
Hence, the correct option is (D).
11. HCF = 34 x 52 x 7 2
=81x25x7
=14175
12. As time = Distance / Speed 2
Time taken by A to complete one round = 1980/330 = 6 min
Time taken by B to complete one round = 1980/198 = 10 min
Time taken by C to complete one round = 1980/220 = 9 min
The three cyclists will be together after
LCM (6, 10, 9)
6=2×3
10 = 2 × 5
9 = 3 x3
LCM (6, 10, 9) = 2 x 3 x3 x 5 = 90 min.
They will meet after 90 min
13. To find the length of the longest tape which can measure the three dimensions of the 2
room, we need to find the H.C.F of length, breadth, and height of the room
respectively.
825=3×5×5×11
675=3×3×3×5×5
450=2×3×3×5×5
So, H.C.F=3×5×5=75
Hence, the length of the longest tape should be 75cm.

14. The required distance each should walk would be the L.C.M of the measures of their 2
 steps i.e. 80 cm, 85 cm, and 90 cm
80 = 24 x 5
85 = 17 x 5
90 = 2 x 32 x 5
L.C.M of 80, 85 and 90 = 24 x 32 x 5 x 17 = 12240 cm
Hence minimum 12240 cm distance each should walk so that all can cover the same
distance in complete steps.

15. Correct option is C) 2

576=2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3
448=2×2×2×2×2×2×7
HCF =2×2×2×2×2×2=64
∴ HCF of 576 and 448 = 64
∴ Number of sections = 576/64 + 448/64 = 9 + 7 = 16
16. Required number = H.C.F. of (91 - 43), (183 - 91) and (183 - 43) 2

= H.C.F. of 48, 92 and 140 = 4.

17. N = H.C.F. of (4665 - 1305), (6905 - 4665) and (6905 - 1305) 2

= H.C.F. of 3360, 2240 and 5600 = 1120.

Sum of digits in N = ( 1 + 1 + 2 + 0 ) = 4
18. It is given that the quantities of the three kinds of oils are 120 litres, 180 2
litres and 240 litres.
Factorise all three numbers 120, 180, 240.
120=2×2×2×3×5 180=2×2×3×3×5 240=2×2×2×2×3×5 Thus,
HCF(120,120,240)=60.
Therefore, the greatest capacity of the tin is 60 litres.

19. That is the least common multiple of (15, 20, 25). 2

LCM (15, 20, 25) = 300
So, we need 300 soldiers such that they stand in rows of 15, 20 , 25
But, it has to form a perfect square (as per the question).
To make 300 as perfect square, we have to multiply 300 by 3.
Then, it is 900 which is a perfect square.
Hence, the least number of soldiers required is 900.
20. (1-x) (1+x+x2+x3+x4) = 1 - x5= 1 - 1/32 2
5
x = 1/32 or x = ½
Therefore, 1+x+x2+x3+x4+x5= (1-x6)/1-x
= (1-1/64)/(1-
½)
= 63/32
21. 2 x √3 = 2√3 (Rational Number x Irrational Number = Irrational Number) 2
But 0 x √3 = 0 (Rational Number x Irrational Number = Rational
Number)
 Therefore, multiplication of a non-zero rational number and irrational
numbers is always irrational but multiplication of zero and an irrational
number is always zero which is a rational number.
22. Number of marbles will be 5p + 2 and 6q + 2 2
As remainder is 2 when it is divided by 5 and 6
So, number of marbles will be multiple of 5 x 6 = 30 + 2
3m + 2 = 2 (15m + 1) = even number which cannot be prime.
23. Greatest number of plates Rita can prepare = HCF (12,18,6) 2
12 = 3 x 4, 18 = 3 x 6, 6 = 3 x 2
HCF is 3
Therefore, greatest number of plates Rita can prepare = 3
24. 2
28C - 312A = 40 ———— (i)
340A + 28B = 44 ———— (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii)
28C + 28A + 28B = 84
28( A + B + C ) = 84
A+B+C=3
Therefore, A + B + C is divisible by 3
25. Let the other number be x, then 2
One number X second number = HCF x LCM
580 x 𝑥 = 116 × 1740
x = 348

26. Clearly, the required number divides (245-5)=240 and (1037-5)=1032 2

exactly,
So the required number is HCF (240, 1032)
HCF (240, 1032) = 23 × 3 = 24
27. Clearly, the required number divides (129-3) =126 and (545-5)=540 2
exactly,
So the required number is HCF (126, 540)
HCF (240, 1032) = Product of common terms with lowest power
= (2 × 32 ) = 2 x 9 = 18
28. Clearly, the required number divides (398-7) =391 and (436-11)=425 and 2
(542-15) = 527 exactly,
So the required number is HCF (391, 425, 527)
HCF (240, 1032) = Product of common terms with lowest power
= 17
29. Resolving 504 and 735 into prime factors, we get 2
504 = (23 × 32 × 7)
And 735 = (5× 3 × 72 ) , HCF(504, 735) = 3 x 7 = 21
Capacity of required container = 21 liters
30. LCM (12,32) = 96 2
∴ No. of packets of coloured pencils
= LCM / Qty. in one packed = 96/12 = 8
No. of packets of crayon = 96/32 = 3.
31. Firstly, to arrange the books as according to condition, find HCF of 14, 18 and 22. 2

HCF (14, 18, 22) = 2

⇒ There are only 2 books in each stack.
Now, number of stacks of Mathematics books = 14/2 = 7
Number of stacks of Physics books = 18/2 = 9.
Number of stacks of Physical Education books = 22/2 = 11
32. Given that √ 2 is irrational number. 2
Let √ 2 =m
Suppose, 5+3√ 2 is a rational number.
So, 5+3√ 2 =a/b (a≠b, b≠0)
3√ 2 =a/b−5
3√ 2 =a−5b/b
or
√ 2 =a−5b/3b
So, a−5b/3b=m
But a−5b/3b is rational number, so m is rational number which contradicts the
fact that m =√ 2 is irrational number.
So, our supposition is wrong.
Hence, 5+3√ 2 is also irrational.

33. Given: 2
HCF of two numbers 306 and 657 is 9
To find: LCM of number
We know that,
LCM x HCF = first number x second number
LCM x 9 = 306 x 657
LCM=306x 657/9
=22338

34. (17 x 11 x 2 ) + ( 17 x 11 x 5 ) 2
By taking ( 17 x 11 ) common ,
= ( 17 x 11 ) ( 2 + 5 )
= ( 17 x 11 ) ( 7 )
= 17 x 11 x 7.
If any number can be represented in the form of product of prime numbers then that
number is composite number.
 Hence , ( 17 x 11 x 2 ) + ( 17 x 11 x 5 ) is a composite number.
35. It can be observed that 2
7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 13 × (7 × 11 + 1) = 13 × (77 + 1)
= 13 × 78
= 13 ×13 × 6
The given expression has 6 and 13 as its factors. Therefore, it is a composite
number.composite numbers have more than two factors,i.e. factors other than 1 and
the number itself.
36. Given: 2
HCF of a and b = 12
Product of a and b = 1800
To find the LCM of a and b,we can use the formula:
𝑎×𝑏
LCM(a, b) = 𝐻𝐶𝐹(𝑎,𝑏)
Substitute the given values:
1800
LCM(a, b) = 12
LCM(a, b) = 150
So, the LCM of the numbers a and b is 150
37. If any number ends with the digit 0, it should be divisible by 10 or in other words, it 2
will also be divisible by 2 and 5 as 10 = 2 × 5
Prime factorisation of 6n = (2 ×3)n
It can be observed that 5 is not in the prime factorisation of 6n.
Hence, for any value of n, 6n will not be divisible by 5.
Therefore, 6n cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
38. We are given that during a sale, color pencils were being sold in packs of 24 each and 2
crayons in packs of 32 each. If we want full packs of both and the same number of
pencils and crayons, we need to find the number of each we need to buy.
Given that, Number of color pencils in one pack = 24
Number of crayons in pack = 32.
Therefore, the least number of both colors to be purchased = L.C.M of 24 and 32 = 2 x
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 96.
Hence, the number of packs of pencils to be bought 96 ÷ 24=4, and number of packs
of crayon to be bought 96 ÷ 32=3
39. y = 13 x 5 = 65, x = 195 x 3 = 585 2
40. No , HCF is not the factor of LCM . 2
41. LCM of 1, 2 ,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 2520 2
42. For the square of a Prime number – 2
Number of factor = 3
Number of Prime factors = 1
43. HCF of 408 and 1032 =24 . 2
1032 m – 2040
m=2
1032 x 2 – 2040
2064 – 2040
24
m=2
44. a= 14b + 0 2
remainder = 0
HCF = b
45. HCF of the three numbers is:
Prime factorization of 825 = 3 x 52 x 11 2
Prime factorization of 675 = 33 x 52
 Prime factorization of 450 = 2 x 32 x 52
HCF = 3 x 52 = 75
The length of the longest ruler is 75 cm or 0.75 m
46. x = 3, y = -1
x = 51, y = -19 2
Hence, x & y are not unique.
47. HCF of 84 & 231 = 21
Columns in the smaller fields = 84/21 = 4 2
Columns in the larger fields = 231/21 = 11
48. Using Euclid’s Division Lemma:
210 = (55 x 3) + 45
55 = (45 x 1) + 10
45 = (10 x 4) + 5 2
10 = (5 x 2 ) + 0
Hence, HCF of x, 630, y & 110 is 5.
49. Ans : 17 2
50. Since the books are to be distributed equally among the students of Section A and 2
Section B. therefore, the number of books must be a multiple of 48 as well as 60.
Hence, required num¬ber of books is the LCM of 48 and 60.
48 = 24 × 3
60 = 22 × 3 × 5
LCM = 24 × 3 × 5 = 16 × 15 = 240
Hence, required number of books is 240.
51. x = p2q3 and y = p3q 2
LCM = p3q3
HCF = p2q …..(i)
Now, LCM = p3q3
⇒ LCM = pq2 (p2q)
⇒ LCM = pq2 (HCF)
Yes, LCM is a multiple of HCF.
52. Lcm of 2x,5x,and 7x is 490 = 2x5x7x x 2
Thus the largest number is 49 and its square-root is 7
53. Here n can be written as 9k + 7, where k ∈ N 2
Now 3n – 1 = 3(9k + 7) – 1 = 27k + 20
Applying Euclid’s division lemma on (27k + 20) and 9, we have
27k + 20 = 9 × (3k + 2) + 2;
where k ∈ N
Thus, 2 is the remainder.
54. 9 = 32, 12 = 22 × 3, 15 = 3 × 5 2
LCM = 22 × 32 × 5 = 4 × 9 × 5 = 180 minutes or 3 hours
They will next toll together after 3 hours.
55. We know, 2
1st number×2nd number=HCF×LCM
27×2nd number=9 × 459
9×459
2nd number= =153
27
56. Maximum capacity of a container, which can measure the petrol in exact number of 2
times.
850 = 2×5×5×17
680=2×2×2×5×17
HCF=2×5×17=170
57. 1000 =2x2x2x5x5x5 2
56 = 2x2x2x7
HCF of 1000 and 56 = 8
Maximum number of columns = 8.
58. Let us assume, to the country, that √5 is rational. 2
𝑝
So, we can find integers p and q (q≠0), such that √5 = , where p and q
𝑞
are co prime.
𝑝
√5 = 𝑞
𝑝2
5=
𝑞2
5𝑞 = 𝑝2 , 5 divides p.
2

So let p=5r
5𝑞 2 =25𝑟 2
𝑞 2 =5𝑟 2 , 5 divides q.
So p and q have at least 5 as common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that p and q have non common factor.
So our assumption is wrong, is irrational.√5 is irrational and 3 is rational
number.
So we conclude that 3+√5 is irrational number.
59. 17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5 2
= 17 × 11 × (2 + 5)
= 17 × 11 × 7
Since, 17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5 can be expressed as a product of primes, therefore,
it is a composite number.