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Eng Notes (022724)

The document discusses properties of well-written text, including organization, coherence, cohesion, and unity. It provides examples of different organizational structures and techniques to improve paragraph cohesion such as using transitions, repetition, synonyms/antonyms, and enumeration.

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leighcyndrellegonzales
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11 views3 pages

Eng Notes (022724)

The document discusses properties of well-written text, including organization, coherence, cohesion, and unity. It provides examples of different organizational structures and techniques to improve paragraph cohesion such as using transitions, repetition, synonyms/antonyms, and enumeration.

Uploaded by

leighcyndrellegonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Properties of a well-written text

Property 1:

organization - also known as arrangement and it is achieved when ideas are


logically and accurately arranged with focus.

1. Chronological order
- first, second, later, before, next, as soon as, after, then, finally, meanwhile,
following, kast, during, in, on, until
2. Order of importance
- less, more, primary, next, last, most, important, primarily, secondarily
3. Spatial
- above, below, beside, enxt to, in front of, behind, inside, outside, opposite,
within, nearby
4. Definition order
- is, refers to, can be defined as, means, consists of, involves, is a term that,
is called
5. Classification
- classified as, comprises, is composed of, several, varieties of, different stages
of, different groups that
6. Process
- first, next, then, following, after that, last, finally
7. Cause & effect
Causes: because, for, since, etc.
Effects: consequently, results in, one result is, therefore, thus, as a result,
hence
8. Comparison & contrast
Similarities: both, also, similarly, like, likewise, too, as well as
Differences: on the other hand, although, however

9. Listing
10. Clarification
11. Summary
12. example
13. addition

When ideas are organized well, a text can achieve coherence, cohesion, and unity

Organization is about the arrangement of: ideas, incident, details, evidence, order

Coherence is the connection the ideas in the concept level:


-is the first topic related to the text
-is this sentence connected to the topic sentence?

Cohesion is the connection of ideas in the sentence level:


-did it use pronouns properly?
-did it use transitions?
-did it do repitition of the subject matter?

Unity is the oneness of ideas all pertaining to the theme or the topic sentence
Things to check:
-lead
-topic sentence
-thesis statement

Chronological order - how they happened


Logical order - geog location- ex: up-down, left-right
Empathic order - done to emphasize a point. ex: least to most, most to least.

Technique to improve paragraph cohesion:

A. Transitions- words that connect one idea to another. Use a conjunction or


conjunctive adverb to link sentences with particular logical relationships.

To specify sequence: again, asko, and , and then, besides, finally, first, second,
third, furthermore, last, moreover, next, still, to

To specify time: after a while,

To specify place: above, adjacent to, below, closer to elsewhere, far, farther on,
here, near, nearby, opposite to, there, to the left, to the right

To specify concession: although its true that, granted that,

To specify repitition and conclusion:

B. Repetition -

C. synonymy/antonymy - the use of similar or opposite words to emphasize a point

D. pro-forms - pronoun, pro-verb, or another pro-form to reference back to the


original word that the pro-form replaced.

E. enumeration -

F. parallelism -

G. collocation - commonly paired or expercted or highly porbably word to connect


one sentence to another.

[INSERT NOTES FROM MONDAY HERE]

TIME-TESTED PRINCIPLE OF WRITING

use clear & concise sentences, 18 words long


avoid rebundance, cliche, and wordiness
excessive use of there and it structure
precise vocabulary. be accurate
be consistent with pronouns
avoid sexist language
use appropriate level of formality

selecting - choosing based on a specific quality that people have


selective - choosing based on no specific quality (everyone can do it)

Claim- an arguable statement- an idea that a speaker or writer asks an audience to


accept
- it is an opinion, idea, or assertion, also called a posiition. a statement
that is not considered accepted by all.

Explicit claims - directly stated and spelled out


Implicit claims - directly stated or implied

Claim of fact - asserts t hat a condition has existed, is existing, or will exist
based on facts or data
Claim of value - involves judgments and evaluations, judges whether something is
good/bad, right/wrong, etc.
Clai of policy - advocates a specific course of action (should, ought, must, etc.)

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